Media PAK: SuperPak Software Bundle MPB-03/1/Media PAK SuperPak Software Bundle MBP-03-1.iso/data/conc.dat

Text File | 1991-05-14 | 1MB | 24,556 lines

 The Dictionary of Concision

 A

 abolish (eliminate) altogether 
abolish
  
(eliminate). When the market-presence assessment
  is undertaken with the idea of either reducing the
  size of the company's presence or eliminating it
  altogether, management's focus is two-pronged.
  
When the market-presence assessment is undertaken
  
with the idea of either reducing the size of the
  
company's presence or eliminating it, management's
  
focus is two-pronged. 

 about the fact that 
because; for; in that; since;
  
that; delete.  She's happy about the fact that
  she's won $13,000 a day for the past three days.
  
She's happy because she's won $13,000 a day for
  
the past three days. 

 about (around) ... to 
about (around); to. He is
  about 50 to 60 years old. 
He is 50 to 60 years
  
old.  ■  By 1987, about 40 to 50 of the 400-plus
  foreign banks operating in the United States had
  become full-service banks. 
By 1987, about 45 of
  
the 400-plus foreign banks operating in the United
  
States had become full-service banks.  ■  He works
  around 10 to 12 hours a day. 
He works 10 to 12
  
hours a day. 

 above and beyond 
above; besides; beyond; more
  
than; over. Considering that I managed to save
  only $100 above and beyond tuition for this year, I
  really don't see that as an option. 
Considering
  
that I managed to save only $100 more than tuition
  
for this year, I really don't see that as an
  
option.  ■  The officers were honored for actions
  that went above and beyond the call of duty. 
The
  
officers were honored for actions that went beyond
  
the call of duty.  ■  Above and beyond that, he's
  rich. 
Besides that, he's rich. 

 above (beyond) measure 
endless; infinite;
  
limitless; untold. 

 (after; for; in; over; within) a brief (limited;
  little; short) amount of time (length of time;
  period; period of time; span of time; time; while)
  
before long; briefly; directly; presently;
  
quickly; shortly; soon; straightaway. This anxiety
  will pass after a short time, and you will then be
  wondering why you felt it in the first place. 
This
  
anxiety will pass quickly, and you will then be
  
wondering why you felt it in the first place.  ■
  It snowed for a brief period of time. 
It snowed
  
briefly.  ■  In a short while, he will be making a
  speech before the convention delegates. 
He will
  
shortly be making a speech before the convention
  
delegates.  ■  We have one of the finest banking
  franchises in the country, and within a short
  period of time our operating results will reflect
  that. 
We have one of the finest banking franchises
  
in the country, and our operating results will soon
  
reflect that.  ■  I have no doubt that within a
  short period Properties Company will be competing
  with those players for major property development
  agreements. 
I have no doubt that before long
  
Properties Company will be competing with those
  
players for major property development agreements.

 a (the) broad (extensive; great; vast; wide) array
  of 
an array of; assorted; broad; countless;
  
different; diverse; extensive; many; numerous;
  
scores of; sundry; untold; varied; various;
  
varying; vast; delete.  In any domestic market, a
  wide array of official and unofficial sources
  provides information about the chosen market
  segments. 
In any domestic market, numerous
  
official and unofficial sources provide information
  
about the chosen market segments.  ■  Biological
  and social scientists have offered a wide array of
  theories in their obsessive search for the
  ``cause'' of homosexuality within the individual
  body or psyche. 
Biological and social scientists
  
have offered many theories in their obsessive
  
search for the ``cause'' of homosexuality within
  
the individual body or psyche. 

 a (the) broad (extensive; great; vast; wide) range
  of 
a range of; assorted; broad; countless;
  
different; diverse; extensive; many; numerous;
  
scores of; sundry; untold; varied; various;
  
varying; vast; delete.  A wide range of products
  is sold by NTIS as subscriptions or standing
  orders. 
Various products are sold by NTIS as
  
subscriptions or standing orders.  ■  Many
  consumers are intimidated by their lack of
  knowledge about wines and confused by the wide
  range of wines available. 
Many consumers are
  
intimidated by their lack of knowledge about wines
  
and confused by the countless wines available.  ■
  They provide an extensive range of engineering and
  materials management services to the NYNEX family
  of companies. 
They provide extensive engineering
  
and materials management services to the NYNEX
  
family of companies.  ■  In a political year that
  otherwise rates mixed reviews, the 100th Congress
  deserves wholehearted praise for its
  accomplishments on a broad range of issues. 
In a
  
political year that otherwise rates mixed reviews,
  
the 100th Congress deserves wholehearted praise for
  
its accomplishments on diverse issues. 

 a (the) broad (extensive; great; vast; wide)
  spectrum of 
a spectrum of; assorted; broad;
  
countless; different; diverse; extensive; many;
  
numerous; scores of; sundry; untold; varied;
  
various; varying; vast; delete.   

 a (the) broad (extensive; great; vast; wide) variety
  of 
a variety of; assorted; broad; countless;
  
different; diverse; extensive; many; numerous;
  
scores of; sundry; untold; varied; various;
  
varying; vast; delete.  A wide variety of
  templates are available for drawing nuts and bolts.
  
Various templates are available for drawing nuts
  
and bolts.  ■  Researchers have advanced a wide
  variety of theories about the cause of
  schizophrenia, including abnormal mother-child
  relationships, viruses, nervous system injuries
  during birth, and mutant genes. 
Researchers have
  
advanced many theories about the cause of
  
schizophrenia, including abnormal mother-child
  
relationships, viruses, nervous system injuries
  
during birth, and mutant genes. 

 (a; the) absence of 
dis-; having no; im-; in-;
  
ir-; lacking; -less(ness); mis-; missing; no; non-;
  
not; not any; not having; scant; un-; with no;
  
without. I wanted to communicate to young people
  the absence of purpose and how it felt so senseless
  and wasteful. 
I wanted to communicate to young
  
people the purposelessness and how it felt so
  
senseless and wasteful.  ■  Styron sharply
  criticized America's literati for their absence of
  passion. 
Styron sharply criticized America's
  
literati for their dispassion.  ■  Ward cited the
  breakdown of communications, the absence of
  sufficient supervision, and inexperienced police
  officers as the main reasons the disturbance got
  out of hand. 
Ward cited the breakdown of
  
communications, insufficient supervision, and
  
inexperienced police officers as the main reasons
  
the disturbance got out of hand.  ■  The absence
  of such ``hygiene'' factors as good
  supervisor-employee relations and liberal fringe
  benefits can make workers unhappy. 
Lacking such
  
``hygiene'' factors as good supervisor-employee
  
relations and liberal fringe benefits can make
  
workers unhappy.  ■  In this situation, the
  absence of praise is especially threatening because
  we know that we are still being evaluated. 
In this
  
situation, no praise is especially threatening
  
because we know that we are still being evaluated.

 absolutely 
at all; delete.  Rarely am I
  dissatisfied with purchases of music I know
  absolutely nothing about. 
Rarely am I dissatisfied
  
with purchases of music I know nothing about.  ■
  There is absolutely no question that we will not be
  able to make the necessary investments for our
  business. 
There is no question at all that we will
  
not be able to make the necessary investments for
  
our business. 

 absolutely 
yes. 

 absolutely conclusive 
conclusive. 

 absolutely essential (indispensable) 
essential
  
(indispensable). I abhor government regulations
  except where absolutely indispensable. 
I abhor
  
government regulations except where indispensable.
  
 ■  In today's age of information, where clarity
  of expression and understanding are at a premium,
  and the ability to communicate crisply and
  accurately becomes more important every day, a good
  desk dictionary is absolutely essential. 
In
  
today's age of information, where clarity of
  
expression and understanding are at a premium, and
  
the ability to communicate crisply and accurately
  
becomes more important every day, a good desk
  
dictionary is essential. 

 absolutely not 
by no means; no; not at all. 

 absolutely positively 
absolutely; positively;
  delete.  Descartes was an introspective man who
  probed his meditations for things he could be
  absolutely, positively sure of. 
Descartes was an
  
introspective man who probed his meditations for
  
things he could be absolutely sure of. 

 a bunch of 
many; numerous. 

 a case in point 
an (one) example; for example; for
  
instance. Teachers in the trades and industry
  program at Queen Anne's County High School are a
  case in point. 
Teachers in the trades and industry
  
program at Queen Anne's County High School are an
  
example. 

 acclimatize 
acclimate. 

 accommodations 
rooms. 

 accompanied by 
along with; and; as well as;
  
combined with; coupled with; joined with; paired
  
with; together with; with. The behavioral
  implications of this emphasis are an increase in
  job satisfaction accompanied by a decrease in
  turnover and absenteeism. 
The behavioral
  
implications of this emphasis are an increase in
  
job satisfaction coupled with a decrease in
  
turnover and absenteeism. 

 accomplish 
achieve; do; perform. This can be
  accomplished by assigning consecutive numbers to
  consecutive periods. 
This can be achieved by
  
assigning consecutive numbers to consecutive
  
periods.  ■  Project teams are set up to do a job,
  and when they have accomplished it, their members
  return to their departments or are assigned to a
  new project team. 
Project teams are set up to do a
  
job, and when they have done it, their members
  
return to their departments or are assigned to a
  
new project team.  ■  You can use the operating
  system's utilities to format disks, copy files, and
  accomplish other file management tasks. 
You can
  
use the operating system's utilities to format
  
disks, copy files, and perform other file
  
management tasks. 

 accordingly 
hence; so; then; therefore; thus.
  
Accordingly, the board of directors recommends a
  vote against this stockholder proposal. 
Therefore,
  
the board of directors recommends a vote against
  
this stockholder proposal.  ■  Experience under
  the plan may indicate that changes are desirable;
  accordingly, the trust reserves the right to amend
  or terminate the plan. 
Experience under the plan
  
may indicate that changes are desirable; thus, the
  
trust reserves the right to amend or terminate the
  
plan. 

 according to 
by; following; to; under. 

 according to 
affirm; allege; announce; assert;
  
attest; aver; avow; claim; comment; contend;
  
declare; maintain; note; say; state; suggest;
  
vouch. According to various estimates, the measure
  would translate into a 10-percent trimming of
  insurance rates next year. 
Various estimates
  
suggest the measure would translate into a
  
10-percent trimming of insurance rates next year. 
  ■  According to those who lived through the strikes
  of eight years ago, there was a real air of
  excitement throughout the country then. 
Those who
  
lived through the strikes of eight years ago
  
maintain there was a real air of excitement
  
throughout the country then.  ■  Around 60 to 70
  percent of all municipal issues are negotiated,
  according to analysts. 
Around 60 to 70 percent of
  
all municipal issues are negotiated, analysts
  
contend.  ■  These forces, according to the
  authors, have systematically misled Americans about
  the substance and morality of our foreign policies.
  
These forces, say the authors, have systematically
  
misled Americans about the substance and morality
  
of our foreign policies. 

 according to plan (projections) 
as planned
  
(projected). Kraft is soon to be taken over by
  Philip Morris if all goes according to plan. 
Kraft
  
is soon to be taken over by Philip Morris if all
  
goes as planned.  ■  Officials say the church will
  continue to pour tens of millions of dollars each
  year into all four media ventures, at least until
  it sees signs of whether they will perform
  according to projections. 
Officials say the church
  
will continue to pour tens of millions of dollars
  
each year into all four media ventures, at least
  
until it sees signs of whether they will perform as
  
projected. 

 accumulative 
cumulative. The proportions reflect
  accumulative information as one reads the table
  from left to right. 
The proportions reflect
  
cumulative information as one reads the table from
  
left to right. 

 accustomed to 
inured to; used to. These
  technologies will be considerably different from
  the ones your applications people are accustomed
  to. 
These technologies will be considerably
  
different from the ones your applications people
  
are used to.  ■  I am accustomed to her sinful
  ways. 
I am inured to her sinful ways. 

 a certain amount of 
much; some; delete. There's
  a certain amount of truth to what you say. 
There's
  
much truth to what you say.  ■  He's acquired a
  certain amount of sophistication from his ex-wife,
  who's from a wealthier family than he is. 
He's
  
acquired some sophistication from his ex-wife,
  
who's from a wealthier family than he is. 

 a (the) consequence of 
because of; caused by; due
  
to; owing to; resulting from. The increase is
  almost entirely the consequence of rising economic
  activity. 
The increase is almost entirely caused
  
by rising economic activity.  ■  He makes it very
  clear that its success is a consequence of
  experienced and competent people. 
He makes it very
  
clear that its success is due to experienced and
  
competent people. 

 a couple of 
a few; two. 

 (all) across (throughout) the country (nation)
  
nationwide. 

 (all) across (throughout) the world 
worldwide. 

 act in accord (accordance) with 
act on; follow. 

 (a; the) ... action delete. Jailing Danilov was
  retaliatory action against the seizure of a Soviet
  agent in the United States. 
Jailing Danilov was
  
retaliation against the seizure of a Soviet agent
  
in the United States.  ■  Before making such a
  decision, management needs to review the reasons
  for unsatisfactory product performance and consider
  possible remedial action. 
Before making such a
  
decision, management needs to review the reasons
  
for unsatisfactory product performance and consider
  
possible remedies.  ■  A series of slides can be
  made to produce animated action. 
A series of
  
slides can be made to produce animation.  ■  We
  are taking steps to revoke the security clearances
  of individuals who have been involved in illegal
  actions. 
We are taking steps to revoke the
  
security clearances of individuals who have been
  
involved in illegalities. 


  
action (attack; battle; game) plan 
course;
  
formula; method; plan; policy; procedure; scheme;
  
strategy. After the optimum alternative has been
  selected, the manager needs to develop an action
  plan to implement it. 
After the optimum
  
alternative has been selected, the manager needs to
  
develop a plan to implement it.  ■  The
  legislation calls for a national battle plan to
  combat the disease on three fronts: education,
  treatment, and research. 
The legislation calls for
  
a national policy to combat the disease on three
  
fronts: education, treatment, and research.  ■  A
  global distribution strategy is the game plan for
  simultaneously attaining the company's global- and
  foreign-market distribution strategy. 
A global
  
distribution strategy is the formula for
  
simultaneously attaining the company's global- and
  
foreign-market distribution strategy.  ■  The
  Democratic leadership's action plan is simple:
  Delay action as long as possible. 
The Democratic
  
leadership's strategy is simple: Delay action as
  
long as possible. 

 active (actively) delete. They are learning to
  actively participate in their own decisions. 
They
  
are learning to participate in their own decisions.
  
 ■  To counteract this, the change agent takes an
  active role in encouraging new solutions and
  approaches to problems. 
To counteract this, the
  
change agent takes a role in encouraging new
  
solutions and approaches to problems.  ■  Citibank
  is actively pursuing private banking in numerous
  domestic markets around the world. 
Citibank is
  
pursuing private banking in numerous domestic
  
markets around the world.  ■  I wish that both
  political parties would take an active interest in
  the captive nations' fate and their struggle for
  freedom and independence. 
I wish that both
  
political parties would take an interest in the
  
captive nations' fate and their struggle for
  
freedom and independence.  ■  It was clear to all
  of us that the president was going to actively
  consider our request that this order never be
  published. 
It was clear to all of us that the
  
president was going to consider our request that
  
this order never be published.  ■  
The Times said
  
the opposition from AIPAC had been stronger than
  
opposition from Israel, which did not actively
  
resist the sale. The Times 
said the opposition
  
from AIPAC had been stronger than opposition from
  
Israel, which did not resist the sale. 


  
... activity delete. He hasn't been charged with
  any unlawful activity. 
He hasn't been charged with
  
any unlawfulness.  ■  What kind of R&D activity
  does the firm plan to undertake? 
What kind of R&D
  
does the firm plan to undertake?  ■
  Unfortunately, countries where counterfeiting
  activity is widespread are generally not parties to
  such treaties. 
Unfortunately, countries where
  
counterfeiting is widespread are generally not
  
parties to such treaties.  ■  There could be some
  thunderstorm activity as well. 
There could be some
  
thunderstorms as well. 


  
actual (actually) delete.  


  
add ... additional (further; more) 
add. Companies
  at the extreme ends of their market's geographical
  region just add additional cost to their products
  to cover shipping. 
Companies at the extreme ends
  
of their market's geographical region just add cost
  
to their products to cover shipping.  ■  If I can
  add any additional information, please do not
  hesitate to contact me. 
If I can add any
  
information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
  
 ■  At his suggestion, we will add an additional
  step to the process. 
At his suggestion, we will
  
add a step to the process. 

 (an) additional 
added; extra; further; more;
  
other. It supports all KnowledgeMan/2 capabilities
  and integrates two additional components. 
It
  
supports all KnowledgeMan/2 capabilities and
  
integrates two other components.  ■  Four pipe
  bombs have been found in Needham over the last two
  weeks, and officials said an additional two have
  been found in Wellesley. 
Four pipe bombs have been
  
found in Needham over the last two weeks, and
  
officials said two more have been found in
  
Wellesley.  ■  Such a transfer has the additional
  advantage of reducing the donor's income tax in the
  year of the gift. 
Such a transfer has the added
  
advantage of reducing the donor's income tax in the
  
year of the gift. 

 additionally 
also; and; as well; besides; beyond
  
that (this); even; further; furthermore; moreover;
  
more than that (this); still more; then; too; what
  
is more. Additionally, he was an authority on
  butterflies. 
He was also an authority on
  
butterflies.  ■  Additionally, in the United
  States, legislation provided that all financial
  transactions must be processed through commercial
  banks. 
And in the United States, legislation
  
provided that all financial transactions must be
  
processed through commercial banks.  ■
  Additionally, there can be conflicts in terms of
  loyalty. 
More than that, there can be conflicts in
  
terms of loyalty. 

 add together 
add. The space you specify in the
  space-before and space-after command fields are
  added together. 
The space you specify in the
  
space-before and space-after command fields are
  
added.  ■  Add together the first 31 numbers in
  the sequence 6, 66, 666, 6666, ... . 
Add the first
  
31 numbers in the sequence 6, 66, 666, 6666, ... .

 add up 
add; sum; total. The assigned points are
  then added up, and the country is classified on a
  good-to-poor continuum. 
The assigned points are
  
then added, and the country is classified on a
  
good-to-poor continuum.  ■  The program adds up
  the values of all the ASCII characters in the block
  and sends the ASCII character for that value last.
  
The program totals the values of all the ASCII
  
characters in the block and sends the ASCII
  
character for that value last. 

 a (a certain; some) degree (of) 
a certain; much
  
(of); some (of); somewhat; delete.  The best
  results will likely be obtained by firms that
  exercise some degree of restraint in their offshore
  activities. 
The best results will likely be
  
obtained by firms that exercise some restraint in
  
their offshore activities.  ■  California Federal
  Savings was heavily committed to commercial banking
  and has achieved a degree of success in this
  endeavor. 
California Federal Savings was heavily
  
committed to commercial banking and has achieved
  
much success in this endeavor.  ■  The new
  creationists have justifiable grounds for a certain
  degree of chutzpah. 
The new creationists have
  
justifiable grounds for chutzpah.  ■  Each of us
  has a planning method that works with some degree
  of effectiveness. 
Each of us has a planning method
  
that works somewhat effectively. 

 adequate enough 
adequate; enough. 

 (an; the) adequate number (of) 
enough; five
  
(ninety). Performance tasks appear quite feasible
  in large-scale assessments as well as in classroom
  use, provided an adequate number of good tasks are
  available. 
Performance tasks appear quite feasible
  
in large-scale assessments as well as in classroom
  
use, provided enough good tasks are available.

 a (the) diversity of different 
assorted; a variety
  
of; broad; countless; different; diverse;
  
extensive; many; numerous; scores of; sundry;
  
varied; various; varying. The diversity of
  different types of music that the Society now
  offers would have been unheard of 20 years ago.
  
The diverse types of music that the Society now
  
offers would have been unheard of 20 years ago. 

 adjacent to 
beside; close to; near; next to. 

 admit to 
admit. The General Accounting Office
  found 16 percent of the employers surveyed admitted
  to engaging in discriminatory hiring practices.
  
The General Accounting Office found 16 percent of
  
the employers surveyed admitted engaging in
  
discriminatory hiring practices. 

 advance ahead (forward; on; onward) 
advance; go
  
on; move on; proceed; progress. 

 advanced (along) in years 
elderly; old. 

 advance notice 
notice. Congress is in the thick
  of a new stage of the battle over my proposal to
  require businesses to give advance notice to
  workers before plants are closed or major layoffs
  are ordered. 
Congress is in the thick of a new
  
stage of the battle over my proposal to require
  
businesses to give notice to workers before plants
  
are closed or major layoffs are ordered. 

 advance planning (plans) 
planning (plans). 

 advance preparation 
preparation. In a meeting
  designed to solve problems or make decisions, you
  should include in your advance preparations a
  statement of the problem and your recommended
  solution. 
In a meeting designed to solve problems
  
or make decisions, you should include in your
  
preparations a statement of the problem and your
  
recommended solution. 

 advance reservations 
reservations. 

 advance up 
advance. As the person's needs are met
  on one level, the person advances up to the next
  level of needs. 
As the person's needs are met on
  
one level, the person advances to the next level of
  
needs. 

 advance warning 
warning. Seismologists generally
  concur that the science of earthquake prediction is
  such that a region about to be struck by a major
  quake would have, at best, only a few days' advance
  warning. 
Seismologists generally concur that the
  
science of earthquake prediction is such that a
  
region about to be struck by a major quake would
  
have, at best, only a few days' warning. 

 a (the) ... experience delete. Just getting up in
  the morning is a painful experience for her. 
Just
  
getting up in the morning is painful for her. ■
  Overall, we found the launching of IDI a
  stimulating and enjoyable experience. 
Overall, we
  
found the launching of IDI stimulating and
  
enjoyable. ■ It can be a nerve-racking experience
  to go to school and find out that your classmates
  know more about you than you do. 
It can be
  
nerve-racking to go to school and find out that
  
your classmates know more about you than you do.

 a (the) ... fact delete. This is an alarming fact,
  considering that these workers make up the
  foundation of our service-sector economy. 
This is
  
alarming, considering that these workers make up
  
the foundation of our service-sector economy. 

 affiliated with 
belongs to; employed by; works
  
for. 

 affirmative 
yes. If the answer is affirmative,
  selecting an optimal dividend policy is a valid
  concern. 
If the answer is yes, selecting an
  
optimal dividend policy is a valid concern. 

 afford (give; offer; present; provide) ... (an; the)
  opportunity 
allow; give ... (the) chance; let;
  
permit. Winning the Boston Marathon provided me
  with an opportunity to make running my career.
  
Winning the Boston Marathon allowed me to make
  
running my career. ■ Credit cards offer you the
  opportunity to purchase goods and services by
  telephone. 
Credit cards let you purchase goods and
  
services by telephone. ■ Local pets will be
  afforded the opportunity to do stupid tricks, and
  there will be remotes from the streets of the city.
  
Local pets will be given the chance to do stupid
  
tricks, and there will be remotes from the streets
  
of the city. 

 afford with 
afford. 

 a fistful (handful) of 
a few; hardly any; not
  
many; two or three (four or five); scarcely any;
  
several; six (ten); some. The stumbling block is
  that there are so far only a fistful of programs
  that take advantage of the features of Presentation
  Manager. 
The stumbling block is that there are so
  
far only twelve programs that take advantage of the
  
features of Presentation Manager. ■ Since the
  1860s, a determined handful of scientists have
  argued for the feasibility of ``sympatric
  speciation.'' 
Since the 1860s, a few determined
  
scientists have argued for the feasibility of
  
``sympatric speciation.'' 

 after all is said and done 
even so; finally; in
  
the end; still; ultimately; yet; delete. 

 after ... first 
after. Any model relying on
  deseasonalized data should be built after the
  modified Census II method of deseasonalization is
  first applied to the data. 
Any model relying on
  
deseasonalized data should be built after the
  
modified Census II method of deseasonalization is
  
applied to the data. ■ Each person can speak up
  for himself only after he has first restated the
  ideas and feelings of the previous speaker
  accurately and to that speaker's satisfaction.

  
Each person can speak up for himself only after he
  
has restated the ideas and feelings of the previous
  
speaker accurately and to that speaker's
  
satisfaction. 

 after ... later (subsequently) 
after. After you
  have created and saved a file on the disk, you can
  retrieve it later for editing. 
After you have
  
created and saved a file on the disk, you can
  
retrieve it for editing. 

 after the conclusion (end) of 
after. 

 after the event (incident; occurrence) 
after;
  
afterward; later; next; then. 

 after ... then 
after. After making changes, you
  can then use the transfer command to save the style
  sheet. 
After making changes, you can use the
  
transfer command to save the style sheet. ■ After
  a company has decided to sell its products in
  another country, it must then decide which method
  of entry to use into that market. 
After a company
  
has decided to sell its products in another
  
country, it must decide which method of entry to
  
use into that market.

 again and again 
frequently; often; recurrently;
  
regularly; repeatedly. 

 again re- 
re-. It's an image that again
  reinforces my belief that we are more interested in
  pizzazz than performance. 
It's an image that
  
reinforces my belief that we are more interested in
  
pizzazz than performance. 

 age (aged)  delete. Women reach peak fertility at
  age 25 and then the ability to get pregnant
  naturally declines. 
Women reach peak fertility at
  
25 and then the ability to get pregnant naturally
  
declines. ■ Because people from ages 35 to 54 are
  in their peak years of earning power, the spending
  implications are awesome. 
Because people from 35
  
to 54 are in their peak years of earning power, the
  
spending implications are awesome.

 a good (great) deal of 
great; much; vast. There
  is a great deal of disagreement about generations
  after the first three. 
There is great disagreement
  
about generations after the first three. ■ In most
  other respects, the level of your graphics board
  won't make a great deal of difference. 
In most
  
other respects, the level of your graphics board
  
won't make much difference. 

 agricultural crop 
crop. To get high carbon
  dioxide uptake, we end up talking about something
  that looks more like an agricultural crop than a
  grove of stately Douglas firs. 
To get high carbon
  
dioxide uptake, we end up talking about something
  
that looks more like a crop than a grove of stately
  
Douglas firs. 

 ahead of 
before. First names are now listed ahead
  of last names. 
First names are now listed before
  
last names. ■ The ambassador departed five minutes
  ahead of the deadline imposed by the State
  Department. 
The ambassador departed five minutes
  
before the deadline imposed by the State
  
Department. 

 ahead of schedule 
early; too soon. They arrived
  in the country two hours ahead of schedule. 
They
  
arrived in the country two hours early. 

 ahead of time 
before; beforehand; earlier; sooner.
  
The production manager never knew what was in the
  pipeline, so he could never prepare the materials
  and staff ahead of time. 
The production manager
  
never knew what was in the pipeline, so he could
  
never prepare the materials and staff beforehand.
  ■ But once having done so, at least the town should
  come to the aid of these people by either
  installing it or informing them ahead of time that
  the manpower would not be there. 
But once having
  
done so, at least the town should come to the aid
  
of these people by either installing it or
  
informing them earlier that the manpower would not
  
be there. 

 a (whole) host of 
many; numerous. There are a
  whole host of reasons why these people resigned
  from their jobs. 
There are many reasons why these
  
people resigned from their jobs. 

 aid and abet 
abet; aid; help. Citizens need to
  persuade the federal government of their support
  for genuine change in policies that presently aid
  and abet the tobacco industry. 
Citizens need to
  
persuade the federal government of their support
  
for genuine change in policies that presently abet
  
the tobacco industry. ■ The NRC, aided and abetted
  by the industry and most of the press, has chosen
  to wink at the law. 
The NRC, aided by the industry
  
and most of the press, has chosen to wink at the
  
law. 

 aid in -ing 
help. In order to aid in recharging
  the groundwater, large spreading basins were
  constructed along the Santa Ana River. 
In order to
  
help recharge the groundwater, large spreading
  
basins were constructed along the Santa Ana River.

 a (the) ... job of  delete. If common understanding
  exists after the communication has happened, it can
  be said that an effective job of communication has
  taken place. 
If common understanding exists after
  
the communication has happened, it can be said that
  
effective communication has taken place. ■ When
  the banks offer the products of investment entities
  with a high market profile, the job of introducing
  the funds to bank customers is much easier. 
When
  
the banks offer the products of investment entities
  
with a high market profile, introducing the funds
  
to bank customers is much easier.

 a ... kind (sort; type) of thing 
like; delete. It
  became a competition type of thing. 
It became like
  
a competition. ■ It's an unpleasant sort of thing.
  
It's unpleasant.

 alas and alack 
alas. 

 albeit 
although; though. This disparity
  demonstrates very dramatically (albeit crudely) the
  rapid decline in profit potential for international
  companies. 
This disparity demonstrates very
  
dramatically (though crudely) the rapid decline in
  
profit potential for international companies. ■
  There appears to be enough fuel to propel stocks
  higher, albeit irregularly, even if the bond market
  is waylaid by fears of a too robust economy. 
There
  
appears to be enough fuel to propel stocks higher,
  
although irregularly, even if the bond market is
  
waylaid by fears of a too robust economy.

 a little bit 
a bit; a little; slightly; somewhat.
  
They're a little bit hesitant. 
They're a little
  
hesitant. ■ They may be fighting soft benefits a
  little bit, because a lot of this adds more
  administration and management demands. 
They may be
  
fighting soft benefits a bit, because a lot of this
  
adds more administration and management demands. 

 all and sundry 
all; everybody; everyone; one and
  
all. He is cheered by all and sundry despite his
  confession. 
He is cheered by everyone despite his
  
confession. 

 all done (finished) 
complete; done; ended;
  
finished; over; past. When it is all finished, the
  commute into town should be much more speedy. 
When
  
it is finished, the commute into town should be
  
much more speedy. ■ Are you all done with your
  homework? 
Are you done with your homework? 

 alleged suspect 
suspect. 

 alleviate 
lessen; reduce. The proposal is
  designed to alleviate overcrowding at Framingham
  State Prison. 
The proposal is designed to lessen
  
overcrowding at Framingham State Prison. 

 all in all 
all told; in all; overall. All in all,
  it would be difficult to find a less suitable site.
  
All told, it would be difficult to find a less
  
suitable site. 

 all ... long 
all. The president, shop chairman,
  and entire shop committee of UAW Local 422 worked
  hard all winter long. 
The president, shop
  
chairman, and entire shop committee of UAW Local
  
422 worked hard all winter. 

 all of (the) 

all (the). The mean is the average
  of all of the data within the time series. 
The
  
mean is the average of all the data within the time
  
series. ■ Can you do all of them? 
Can you do them
  
all? ■ All of that is important, but you have to
  make a choice. 
All that is important, but you have
  
to make a choice. 

 all of (us) 
(we) all. All of us practice a kind
  of inventory control. 
We all practice a kind of
  
inventory control. 

 all of a sudden 
suddenly. All of a sudden, I
  began getting memos from the corporate office
  criticizing my performance. 
Suddenly, I began
  
getting memos from the corporate office criticizing
  
my performance. 

 all over with 
complete; done; ended; finished;
  
over; past. 

 allow of 
allow; permit.

 allow ... to 
let. Do it in a way that allows you
  to look the consumer straight in the eye. 
Do it in
  
a way that lets you look the consumer straight in
  
the eye. ■ Light pens are hand-held devices that
  allow you to draw directly on the screen. 
Light
  
pens are hand-held devices that let you draw
  
directly on the screen. 

 all that 
that. We didn't find him all that
  intelligent. 
We didn't find him that intelligent.

 all (just) the same 
anyhow; even so; still; yet.

 all the time 
always; ceaselessly; constantly;
  
endlessly; everyday; forever. 

 all things considered 
all in all; all told;
  
altogether; in all; on the whole; overall. 

 all-time record (high) 
record. Revenues for the
  quarter will set an all-time record high and will
  result in a dramatic turnaround of the
  disappointing first-quarter results. 
Revenues for
  
the quarter will set a record and will result in a
  
dramatic turnaround of the disappointing
  
first-quarter results. ■ International Falls,
  Minnesota, sometimes called the nation's icebox,
  tied its all-time record of 98 degrees.
  
International Falls, Minnesota, sometimes called
  
the nation's icebox, tied its record of 98 degrees.

 all-time record low 
record low. Temperatures in
  Alaska reached 78 degrees below zero, an all-time
  record low for the area. 
Temperatures in Alaska
  
reached 78 degrees below zero, a record low for the
  
area. 

 almost without exception 
almost all; almost every;
  
most; nearly all; nearly every. Almost without
  exception, those professionals stated that
  innovation was of major importance to the continued
  success of the company. 
Almost all those
  
professionals stated that innovation was of major
  
importance to the continued success of the
  
company. ■ Our visitors, almost without exception,
  are surprised to see for themselves how much less
  things actually cost through the club. 
Nearly all
  
of our visitors are surprised to see for themselves
  
how much less things actually cost through the
  
club. 

 alongside of 
alongside; among; beside; next to;
  
with. You will work alongside of experienced
  workers and see what joys and frustrations they
  undergo. 
You will work with experienced workers
  
and see what joys and frustrations they undergo. ■
  In less affluent markets, a lower quality of
  product line is sold alongside of the premium
  product. 
In less affluent markets, a lower quality
  
of product line is sold alongside the premium
  
product. 

 along that (this) line 
about (in; on) that (this).
  
I don't know what the Twins' thinking was along
  that line. 
I don't know what the Twins' thinking
  
was on that. 

 along that (this) line 
like that (this). I can
  see using TrueScan for some work along that line
  but only if the documents aren't too complex in
  fonts or layout. 
I can see using TrueScan for some
  
work like that but only if the documents aren't too
  
complex in fonts or layout. 

 along the line of 
in; with. 

 along the lines of 
akin to; close to; like;
  
resembling; similar to; such as. They have no
  interest in publishing anything along the lines of
  Microsoft 
Bookshelf. They have no interest in
  
publishing anything similar to Microsoft
  
Bookshelf. ■ Such is Connecticut's reputation for
  good, efficient government, that when a Connecticut
  official says something along the lines of ``New
  York will probably end up where we are,'' it would
  usually be cause for celebration. 
Such is
  
Connecticut's reputation for good, efficient
  
government, that when a Connecticut official says
  
something like ``New York will probably end up
  
where we are,'' it would usually be cause for
  
celebration. 

 along the same line 
alike; likewise; much the
  
same; similar; similarly. Along the same line,
  increasing monetary benefits but not expanding
  opportunities for job variety would be a serious
  mistake. 
Likewise, increasing monetary benefits
  
but not expanding opportunities for job variety
  
would be a serious mistake. 

 (for) a long time (while) 
long. It has been
  around a long time, but has never before been tried
  in the state. 
It has long been around, but has
  
never before been tried in the state. ■ She has
  wanted to travel to Europe for a long time. 
She
  
has long wanted to travel to Europe. 

 a long time (while) ago 
long ago. 

 along with (and; combined with; coupled with; plus;
  together with) the fact that 
and that. U.S.
  Labor Department figures show that most
  minimum-wage employees work part time coupled with
  the fact that 60 percent are between 16 and 24
  years old. 
U.S. Labor Department figures show that
  
most minimum-wage employees work part time and that
  
60 percent are between 16 and 24 years old. 

 a lot 
much. It also makes assembly-language
  programs that use GS/OS a lot easier to read. 
It
  
also makes assembly-language programs that use
  
GS/OS much easier to read. 

 a lot of 
many; much; numerous. In a lot of
  people's minds, there was no question of his quilt.
  
In many people's minds, there was no question of
  
his guilt. ■ A miniscule market share translates
  into a lot of opportunity over many years. 
A
  
miniscule market share translates into much
  
opportunity over many years. 

 a lot of (the) time 
frequently; often. We went
  into the city a lot of times. 
We went into the
  
city often. 

 alphabetical 
alphabetic. 

 alphanumerical 
alphameric; alphanumeric. 

 also ... as well 
also; as well. I was also
  physically abused as well. 
I was physically abused
  
as well. ■ They also agreed to other demands as
  well. 
They also agreed to other demands. 

 also ... too 
also; too. We also know that Marilyn
  Monroe was one of his lovers, too. 
We know that
  
Marilyn Monroe was one of his lovers, too. 

 alternative choice 
alternative. 

 a matter of 
a; delete. The issue of automobile
  insurance has been a matter of concern to me since
  my early years as a legislator. 
The issue of
  
automobile insurance has been a concern to me since
  
my early years as a legislator. ■ Any conclusions
  at this time would be premature and a matter of
  conjecture. 
Any conclusions at this time would be
  
premature and conjectural. ■ Even a Public Service
  proposal to give bonus vacation days to employees
  has been a matter of contention. 
Even a Public
  
Service proposal to give bonus vacation days to
  
employees has been contended. ■ Just how much of
  what has been claimed for him is really his is a
  matter of disputation. 
Just how much of what has
  
been claimed for him is really his is disputable.

 a matter of 
a few; some; delete. Within a matter
  of a day or two, he was dead. 
Within a day or two,
  
he was dead. ■ A streaming tape drive can copy all
  the data from a hard disk onto a 1/4-inch cartridge
  tape in a matter of minutes. 
A streaming tape
  
drive can copy all the data from a hard disk onto a
  
1/4-inch cartridge tape in a few minutes. ■ In a
  matter of seconds, SpinRite determines the
  interleave characteristics of the entire system.
  
In seconds, SpinRite determines the interleave
  
characteristics of the entire system. 

 a (a certain; some) measure (of) 
a certain; much;
  
some; delete. With the employer-employee
  relationship should come a certain measure of
  understanding. 
With the employer-employee
  
relationship should come a certain understanding.
  ■ Both provide a measure of feedback control over
  financial and other activities. 
Both provide
  
feedback control over financial and other
  
activities. ■ Informal conversations provide
  clients with opportunities to discuss topics that
  are not stressful and that provide a measure of
  relief from anxiety. 
Informal conversations
  
provide clients with opportunities to discuss
  
topics that are not stressful and that provide some
  
relief from anxiety. 

 ameliorate 
heal; help; improve; make better. As
  medical technology and surgical procedures increase
  in their ability to ameliorate, they unfortunately
  also increase in their ability to harm. 
As medical
  
technology and surgical procedures increase in
  
their ability to heal, they unfortunately also
  
increase in their ability to harm. 

 (8:00) a.m. ... morning 
(8:00) a.m.; morning. I
  want the cost estimates by 9:00 a.m. tomorrow
  morning. 
I want the cost estimates by 9:00 a.m.
  
tomorrow. ■ The traditional right expects nothing
  less than condemnations of such things─especially
  from an evangelical Presbyterian minister who
  arises every morning at 5:00 a.m. to pray. 
The
  
traditional right expects nothing less than
  
condemnations of such things─especially from an
  
evangelical Presbyterian minister who arises every
  
morning at 5:00 to pray.

 (a; the) amount of  delete. If you have any amount
  of intelligence, you know what's right and what's
  wrong. 
If you have any intelligence, you know
  
what's right and what's wrong. ■ How he got from
  the house to Jake's in that short amount of time
  I'll never know. 
How he got from the house to
  
Jake's in that short time I'll never know. ■ Some
  amount of stress is necessary. 
Some stress is
  
necessary. ■ The lower the level of a heading, the
  greater the amount of indent. 
The lower the level
  
of a heading, the greater the indent. ■ I
  understand you've expanded the amount of area
  available for each animal. 
I understand you've
  
expanded the area available for each animal. ■
  Since Properties Company has an extensive amount of
  expertise in real estate development, the company
  has in its plans to market its services to
  companies outside the NYNEX family. 
Since
  
Properties Company has extensive expertise in real
  
estate development, the company has in its plans to
  
market its services to companies outside the NYNEX
  
family.

 amount (quantity; sum) of cash (money) 
sum. When
  the Soviets spent enormous amounts of money
  improving their antiaircraft systems, the United
  States responded not by giving up on its bomber
  program but rather by improving it with cruise
  missiles, electronic jammers, and so on. 
When the
  
Soviets spent enormous sums improving their
  
antiaircraft systems, the United States responded
  
not by giving up on its bomber program but rather
  
by improving it with cruise missiles, electronic
  
jammers, and so on. ■ To escape the poverty in
  which they are trapped, the Asian women agree to
  pay huge sums of money to the purported arrangers
  of European marriages or jobs. 
To escape the
  
poverty in which they are trapped, the Asian women
  
agree to pay huge sums to the purported arrangers
  
of European marriages or jobs. 

 (a; the) ... amount of time (length of time; period
  of time; span of time) 
period; time; while;
  
delete. An option is a contract that conveys the
  right to buy or sell specified property at a given
  price for a designated amount of time. 
An option
  
is a contract that conveys the right to buy or sell
  
specified property at a given price for a
  
designated period. ■ They filmed our arguments
  over a three-month period of time. 
They filmed our
  
arguments over three months. ■ You can get to know
  someone very well if you date him or her for a long
  enough period of time. 
You can get to know someone
  
very well if you date him or her for a long enough
  
while. ■ The longer the span of time a forecast
  covers, the more vulnerable it is to the elements
  of uncertainty. 
The longer the period a forecast
  
covers, the more vulnerable it is to the elements
  
of uncertainty. ■ But over the same length of
  time, inflation averaged 3 percent a year. 
But
  
over the same period, inflation averaged 3 percent
  
a year. ■ This is just the start of a new business
  that, over a period of time, should become a very
  significant new product. 
This is just the start of
  
a new business that, over time, should become a
  
very significant new product. 

 amounts to 
is; totals. The number of prisoners
  released amounts to less than one-third of those
  held. 
The number of prisoners released is less
  
than one-third of those held. 

 an (the) abundance of 
abundant; ample; copious;
  
countless; legion; liberal; many; myriad; numerous;
  
plentiful; plenty of; profuse. Among the educated,
  there is an abundance of people trained in these
  occupations. 
Among the educated, there are plenty
  
of people trained in these occupations. 

 an accomplished (established) fact 
accomplished
  
(established); a fact; delete. It is an
  established fact that reaction times and vision
  deteriorate with age. 
It is established that
  
reaction times and vision deteriorate with age. ■
  New, more peaceful Soviet policies are not yet an
  accomplished fact. 
New, more peaceful Soviet
  
policies are not yet a fact. 

 an acknowledged (known) fact 
acknowledged (known);
  
a fact; delete. It is an acknowledged fact that
  well-trained and highly skilled construction
  craftsmen are not willing to work for wages
  substandard to the prevailing wage rates. 
It is
  
acknowledged that well-trained and highly skilled
  
construction craftsmen are not willing to work for
  
wages substandard to the prevailing wage rates. 

 analytical 
analytic. 

 analyze in depth (in detail) 
analyze; detail. The
  astronauts have always spent most of their training
  time practicing responses to almost every
  imaginable kind of failure, and the contingencies
  have been analyzed in detail and simulated
  innumerable times. 
The astronauts have always
  
spent most of their training time practicing
  
responses to almost every imaginable kind of
  
failure, and the contingencies have been analyzed
  
and simulated innumerable times. ■ He analyzes in
  detail the three nativist eruptions that occurred
  during the era of mass immigration. 
He details the
  
three nativist eruptions that occurred during the
  
era of mass immigration. 

 an array of 
assorted; countless; different;
  
diverse; extensive; many; numerous; scores of;
  
sundry; varied; various; varying; delete. Lately,
  however, an array of new troubles has
  surfaced─troubles like radon. 
Lately, however,
  
many new troubles have surfaced─troubles like
  
radon. 

 (a; the) -ance (-ence) of 
-ing. With such asset
  and liability opportunities, the avoidance of large
  credit losses was a practical management
  consideration in ensuring attractive profitability.
  
With such asset and liability opportunities,
  
avoiding large credit losses was a practical
  
management consideration in ensuring attractive
  
profitability. ■ This requires the maintenance of
  special marketing units and the issuance of
  policies and procedures designed to stimulate the
  flow of products, resources, and information. 
This
  
requires maintaining special marketing units and
  
issuing policies and procedures designed to
  
stimulate the flow of products, resources, and
  
information. ■ In the performance of their
  routines, they are acting as extensions of your
  position. 
In performing their routines, they are
  
acting as extensions of your position. 

 and ... also 
also; and. Love is an emotion, and
  it also is a strong emotion. 
Love is an emotion;
  
it is also a strong emotion. ■ The Winters' models
  are more complex and also more potentially
  rewarding. 
The Winters' models are more complex
  
and more potentially rewarding. ■ These plans are
  gaining favor with corporate managements because
  they limit the employer's retirement plan liability
  to a known amount, and also, being voluntary, they
  offer a meaningful benefit to employees at little
  cost to the employer. 
These plans are gaining
  
favor with corporate managements because they limit
  
the employer's retirement plan liability to a known
  
amount; being voluntary, they also offer a
  
meaningful benefit to employees at little cost to
  
the employer. ■ There are various methods for
  identifying the knowledge of an expert, and there
  are also methods for codifying that knowledge in a
  computer. 
There are various methods for
  
identifying the knowledge of an expert, and there
  
are methods for codifying that knowledge in a
  
computer.

 and ... as well 
and; as well. It is being done by
  some of the women whose careers you chronicled and
  by a growing number of working women as well. 
It
  
is being done by some of the women whose careers
  
you chronicled and by a growing number of working
  
women. ■ A controller card holds a program in ROM
  that occupies the address space from $Cn00 to $CnFF
  and, sometimes, from $C800 to $CFFF as well. 
A
  
controller card holds a program in ROM that
  
occupies the address space from $Cn00 to $CnFF and,
  
sometimes, from $C800 to $CFFF. 

 and etc. (et cetera) 
and so forth; and so on; and
  
the like; etc. 

 and everything   delete.

 and everything (stuff; things) like that 
and so
  
forth; and so on; and the like; etc.; delete. 

 and ... further (furthermore; in addition; moreover;
  what is more) 
also; and; as well; besides; beyond
  
that (this); even; further; furthermore; moreover;
  
more than that (this); still more; then; too; what
  
is more. The Smart Word Processor can handle large
  documents and, what's more, it is suitable for
  heavy-duty word processing needs. 
The Smart Word
  
Processor can handle large documents; what's more,
  
it is suitable for heavy-duty word processing
  
needs. ■ And furthermore, the company is seeking
  to cooperate with other companies with expertise
  for mutual advancement. 
The company is also
  
seeking to cooperate with other companies with
  
expertise for mutual advancement. ■ He was calm
  enough to overcome stressful crises, had the gift
  for keeping a strict regimen, and in addition
  possessed outstanding technological knowledge. 
He
  
was calm enough to overcome stressful crises, had
  
the gift for keeping a strict regimen, and
  
possessed outstanding technological knowledge. 

 and so 
and; so. Thank you for submitting your
  pieces to 
Critical Inquiry; however, they are
  
inappropriate for our journal, and so we are
  
returning them to you. 
Thank you for submitting
  
your pieces to Critical Inquiry; 
however, they
  
are inappropriate for our journal, so we are
  
returning them to you. 

 and so as a result 
as a result; consequently;
  
hence; so; then; therefore; thus. 

 and so on and so forth 
and so forth; and so on;
  
and the like; etc. We believe our neighbor started
  the conflict with propaganda, espionage,
  assassinations, bombings, and so on and so forth.
  
We believe our neighbor started the conflict with
  
propaganda, espionage, assassinations, bombings,
  
and so on. 

 and ... too 
and; too. I have become acutely aware
  of the epidemic of abuse suffered by children in
  this country─and elsewhere, too. 
I have become
  
acutely aware of the epidemic of abuse suffered by
  
children in this country─and elsewhere. 

 and yet 
and; yet. 

 an estimated 
about; around; close to; more or
  
less; near; nearly; or so; roughly; some. An
  estimated 73 million people, two-thirds of
  Bangladesh's population, have been affected by the
  flooding. 
Some 73 million people, two-thirds of
  
Bangladesh's population, have been affected by the
  
flooding. ■ An estimated 50,000 people lined up
  yesterday to register to vote. 
Nearly 50,000
  
people lined up yesterday to register to vote. ■
  Currently, there are an estimated 300,000 emperor
  penguins in Antarctica. 
Currently, there are
  
roughly 300,000 emperor penguins in Antarctica. 

 (after; for; in; over; within) an extended
  (lengthy; long; prolonged; protracted) amount of
  time (length of time; period; period of time; span
  of time; time; while) 
at last; at length;
  
eventually; finally; in due time; in time; over the
  
months (years); over time; ultimately; with time.

 an (a certain; some) extent of 
a certain; much;
  
some; somewhat; delete. 

 an integral part of 
a part of; integral to.
  
Keeping abreast of these developments is an
  integral part of successful EFT strategy
  development. 
Keeping abreast of these developments
  
is integral to successful EFT strategy
  
development. ■ Global economic conditions are now
  in our favor, and all U.S. companies must make
  exporting an integral part of their corporate
  plans. 
Global economic conditions are now in our
  
favor, and all U.S. companies must make exporting a
  
part of their corporate plans. 

 an (the) open question 
a (the) question;
  
debatable; moot; questionable; uncertain; unclear;
  
undecided; unknown; unsettled; unsure. That
  remains an open question. 
That remains
  
questionable. ■ Whether he can be forced to resign
  is still very much an open question. 
Whether he
  
can be forced to resign is still very much
  
unclear. ■ But the open question is whether blacks
  will turn out in numbers big enough to help him
  squeak by in a close election or whether their
  bitterness will turn to apathy. 
But the question
  
is whether blacks will turn out in numbers big
  
enough to help him squeak by in a close election or
  
whether their bitterness will turn to apathy. ■
  Whether you can increase cure rate by escalating
  the dose without running into other organ toxicity
  is still an open question. 
Whether you can
  
increase cure rate by escalating the dose without
  
running into other organ toxicity is still unknown.

 an order of magnitude  delete. While the first
  CD-ROM copy costs an order of magnitude more than a
  WORM disk, subsequent copies cost much less, making
  CD-ROM practical for applications requiring many
  copies of document disks. 
While the first CD-ROM
  
copy costs more than a WORM disk, subsequent copies
  
cost much less, making CD-ROM practical for
  
applications requiring many copies of document
  
disks.

 anterior to 
before; earlier than. 

 anticipate 
expect. It's much longer than I
  anticipated it to be. 
It's much longer than I
  
expected it to be. 

 a (a fair; any) number (of) 
a few; almost all;
  
dozens (of); hundreds (of); many; most; nearly all;
  
scores (of); several; sixty-seven (twenty); some;
  
delete. A number of general conclusions about ATMs
  emerge from our findings. 
Several general
  
conclusions about ATMs emerge from our findings. ■
  A number of companies assembled inexpensive copies
  of the computers and drove prices so low that IBM
  was eventually forced to retreat from the market.
  
Scores of companies assembled inexpensive copies
  
of the computers and drove prices so low that IBM
  
was eventually forced to retreat from the market.
  ■ There are any number of ways to respond. 
There
  
are many ways to respond. ■ A number of insurance
  agents sell mutual funds as part of a financial
  planning approach. 
Hundreds of insurance agents
  
sell mutual funds as part of a financial planning
  
approach. ■ There are a number of points to
  remember about this definition. 
There are a few
  
points to remember about this definition. ■ A fair
  number of stores were either sited incorrectly or
  in the wrong markets and weren't producing the kind
  of profits they needed to. 
Some stores were either
  
sited incorrectly or in the wrong markets and
  
weren't producing the kind of profits they needed
  
to. ■ People who have changed or plan to change
  their behavior to avoid the risk of AIDS were asked
  which of a number of specific precautions they were
  following. 
People who have changed or plan to
  
change their behavior to avoid the risk of AIDS
  
were asked which of seven specific precautions they
  
were following. ■ I've been wrestling with this
  for a number of months. 
I've been wrestling with
  
this for months.

 any and all 
any; all. This certificate replaces
  any and all insurance certificates that may have
  been issued previously to the Insured under the
  Group Policy and is subject to the terms of the
  Group Policy. 
This certificate replaces all
  
insurance certificates that may have been issued
  
previously to the Insured under the Group Policy
  
and is subject to the terms of the Group Policy. 

 anybody (anyone) and everybody (everyone) 
all;
  
anybody (anyone); everybody (everyone). They told
  anyone and everyone that you are the one we want to
  use in our ads. 
They told everyone that you are
  
the one we want to use in our ads. 

 anything and everything 
all; anything; anything at
  
all; everything. These kids lie about anything and
  everything. 
These kids lie about everything. 

 anything (something) in the way of 
any; some;
  
delete. It has yet to accomplish anything in the
  way of practical benefits. 
It has yet to
  
accomplish any practical benefits. 

 anyway  delete.

 anywhere (somewhere) between ... and 
between ...
  
and. Upjohn says Minoxidil's success rate ranges
  anywhere between 24 and 40 percent. 
Upjohn says
  
Minoxidil's success rate ranges between 24 and 40
  
percent. ■ Stromberg-Carlson recently parlayed
  that desire for diversity into a 600,000-line order
  from Bell South valued at somewhere between $100
  million and $200 million. 
Stromberg-Carlson
  
recently parlayed that desire for diversity into a
  
600,000-line order from Bell South valued at
  
between $100 million and $200 million. 

 anywhere (somewhere) in the range of ... to 
in the
  
range of ... to. 

 anywhere near 
nearly. You are not anywhere near
  as dumb as some of this material will make you
  feel. 
You are not nearly as dumb as some of this
  
material will make you feel. 

 a (the) ... one  delete. This notion of his is not
  a new one. 
This notion of his is not new. ■ If
  the former value is lower than the latter one, the
  tube may overheat. 
If the former value is lower
  
than the latter, the tube may overheat. ■ It
  remains to be seen, however, if this view will turn
  out to be the correct one. 
It remains to be seen,
  
however, if this view will turn out to be
  
correct.

 apart from 
besides; beyond. Apart from looking
  like the original, the counterfeit product often
  performs as well as the original. 
Besides looking
  
like the original, the counterfeit product often
  
performs as well as the original. 

 apart from ... also (as well) 
apart from; besides;
  
beyond. Apart from being expensive, the
  international development process is also very
  risky. 
Besides being expensive, the international
  
development process is very risky. ■ Apart from
  using its technological prowess, Philips has also
  used its political clout within the European
  Community to help it establish desirable
  joint-venture arrangements. 
Beyond using its
  
technological prowess, Philips has used its
  
political clout within the European Community to
  
help it establish desirable joint-venture
  
arrangements. 

 a (a certain; some) part (of) 
almost all (of);
  
many (of); most (of); much (of); nearly all (of);
  
(a) part (of); some (of). 

 a paucity of 
few; little; scant. 

 a (a certain; some) percentage (of) 
almost all
  
(of); many (of); most (of); much (of); nearly all
  
(of); (a) part (of); ... percent (of); some (of).
  
I own a percentage of Caesar's Palace. 
I own some
  
of Caesar's Palace. 

 a (the) ... period (of)  delete. The FBI conducted
  its investigation over a two-year period. 
The FBI
  
conducted its investigation over two years. ■
  Nothing should be placed around the eyes for a
  period of eight months. 
Nothing should be placed
  
around the eyes for eight months. ■ Many police
  officers experience stress after a period of years
  on the job. 
Many police officers experience stress
  
after years on the job. ■ An inventor granted a
  patent has the right to exclude others from making,
  using, or selling the invention for a period of 17
  years. 
An inventor granted a patent has the right
  
to exclude others from making, using, or selling
  
the invention for 17 years.

 a (the) ... point 
a (the); delete. Identifying a
  need is the beginning point of the process.
  
Identifying a need is the beginning of the
  
process. ■ The country's payment difficulties are
  approaching a crisis point for major U.S. banks.
  
The country's payment difficulties are approaching
  
a crisis for major U.S. banks. 

 a (the) point of (that) 
a (the); delete. Is this
  a point of concern for the rest of the pack? 
Is
  
this a concern for the rest of the pack? ■ This is
  done to illustrate the point that a forecast can be
  predicted for any number of periods. 
This is done
  
to illustrate that a forecast can be predicted for
  
any number of periods. ■ The hostages are probably
  near the point of exhaustion. 
The hostages are
  
probably near exhaustion. 

 a (a certain; some) portion (of) 
almost all (of);
  
many (of); most (of); much (of); (a) part (of);
  
nearly all (of); some (of). To print only a
  portion of the document, select the block. 
To
  
print only part of the document, select the block.
  ■ This list covers a portion of the program's
  capabilities. 
This list covers many of the
  
program's capabilities. ■ Direct marketers of
  nonfinancial products, like L.L. Bean, were proving
  that at least a portion of the public was willing
  to make purchase decisions without face-to-face
  contact. 
Direct marketers of nonfinancial
  
products, like L.L. Bean, were proving that at
  
least some of the public was willing to make
  
purchase decisions without face-to-face contact. 

 appear on (upon) the scene 
appear. 

 appellation 
name; title. 

 appertain (appertaining) to 
pertain to; relate to.
  
Moneys therefor having been deposited with the
  Trustee from and after June 12, 1989, interest
  thereon shall cease to accrue and coupons
  appertaining to said bonds payable after that date
  will be void. 
Moneys therefor having been
  
deposited with the Trustee from and after June 12,
  
1989, interest thereon shall cease to accrue and
  
coupons pertaining to said bonds payable after that
  
date will be void. 

 appoint as 
appoint. 

 appreciate 
admire; applaud; approve of; enjoy;
  
(be) grateful (for); like; prize; (be) thankful
  
(for); thank you (for); value; welcome. We
  appreciate it. 
We are grateful. ■ I appreciate
  your coming. 
I thank you for coming. ■ Your
  concern is very much appreciated. 
Your concern is
  
very much welcomed. 

 appreciate in value 
appreciate. Due to the
  overall rise of the stock market, many individuals
  have securities which have appreciated considerably
  in value. 
Due to the overall rise of the stock
  
market, many individuals have securities which have
  
appreciated considerably. 

 appreciation 
gratefulness; gratitude;
  
thankfulness; thanks. I would like to express my
  appreciation for Meals on Wheels. 
I would like to
  
express my thanks for Meals on Wheels. 

 apprehend 
arrest; capture; catch; seize. Daniel
  Mahoney, 30, was apprehended near Los Lunas shortly
  before 1:00 a.m. 
Daniel Mahoney, 30, was captured
  
near Los Lunas shortly before 1:00 a.m. ■
  Investigators acknowledge that chances of
  apprehending a suspect are strongest at the start
  of an investigation. 
Investigators acknowledge
  
that chances of arresting a suspect are strongest
  
at the start of an investigation. 

 approbation 
approval; praise. 

 (for) approximately 
about; around; close to; more
  
or less; near; nearly; or so; roughly; some. It
  will last for approximately two hours. 
It will
  
last about two hours. ■ Approximately the first
  400 characters in the document are automatically
  displayed. 
The first 400 or so characters in the
  
document are automatically displayed. ■ It said
  the people in charge of burying the bodies have
  counted approximately 5,000. 
It said the people in
  
charge of burying the bodies have counted roughly
  
5,000. 

 a (the) preponderance (of) 
almost all (of); (nine)
  
in (ten) (of); many (of); more (of); most (of);
  
nearly all (of); (43) of (48) (of); ... percent
  
(of); delete. The preponderance of short selling
  is done by market professionals engaged in the
  day-to-day provision of liquidity to the market.
  
Almost all short selling is done by market
  
professionals engaged in the day-to-day provision
  
of liquidity to the market. ■ The preponderance of
  evidence from the national surveys indicates that
  20 percent or fewer women in target groups for
  breast cancer screening have ever had a mammogram.
  
Most evidence from the national surveys indicates
  
that 20 percent or fewer women in target groups for
  
breast cancer screening have ever had a mammogram.

 a (a certain; some) proportion (of) 
almost all
  
(of); many (of); most (of); much (of); nearly all
  
(of); (a) part (of); some (of). 

 a (a certain; some) quantity (of) 
almost all (of);
  
many (of); most (of); much (of); nearly all (of);
  
(a) part (of); some (of). 

 a range of 
assorted; countless; different;
  
diverse; extensive; many; numerous; scores of;
  
sundry; varied; various; varying; delete. It has
  been tested in a range of working situations in
  large manufacturing plants, and has been found
  useful in mending human relations and making them a
  strong and healthy resource of management. 
It has
  
been tested in diverse working situations in large
  
manufacturing plants, and has been found useful in
  
mending human relations and making them a strong
  
and healthy resource of management. 

 a ... ratio (of)  delete. When you add in those
  with subsyndromal SAD, the figure is closer to one
  in four, with women outnumbering men by a ratio of
  three or four to one. 
When you add in those with
  
subsyndromal SAD, the figure is closer to one in
  
four, with women outnumbering men by three or four
  
to one. ■ A nationwide poll by a major newspaper
  found that penny lovers outnumbered penny pitchers
  by almost a two-to-one ratio. 
A nationwide poll by
  
a major newspaper found that penny lovers
  
outnumbered penny pitchers by almost two to one.

 (a; the) area (locale; locality; location; place;
  point; position; region; site; spot) 
where;
  
wherever. 

 (after; for; in; over; within) a reasonable amount
  of time (length of time; period; period of time;
  span of time; time; while) 
by next week
  
(tomorrow); fast; in (within) a day (year);
  
promptly; quickly; rapidly; shortly; soon;
  
speedily; swiftly; delete. If the accident is in
  Massachusetts, or if it is outside Massachusetts
  and the injured person does not sue for damages, we
  will pay benefits within a reasonable time─usually
  30 days. 
If the accident is in Massachusetts, or
  
if it is outside Massachusetts and the injured
  
person does not sue for damages, we will pay
  
benefits within usually 30 days. ■ Unlike
  corporate sales, which can be tied up in a
  relatively reasonable period of time, government
  sales tend to be drawn out. 
Unlike corporate
  
sales, which can be tied up relatively quickly,
  
government sales tend to be drawn out. ■ Higher
  authority should intervene if a professional team
  cannot set a mediocre school right in a reasonable
  length of time. 
Higher authority should intervene
  
if a professional team cannot set a mediocre school
  
right within a year. 

 (a; the) area (locale; locality; location; place;
  point; position; region; site; spot) where 
where;
  
wherever. The COMSPEC line will show the place
  where COMMAND.COM is expected. 
The COMSPEC line
  
will show where COMMAND.COM is expected. ■ This is
  the position where your selection is entered. 
This
  
is where your selection is entered. ■ He said such
  a ``second wave'' of transmission is possible in
  New York and Los Angeles and places where people
  have been infected with the virus for seven or
  eight years. 
He said such a ``second wave'' of
  
transmission is possible in New York and Los
  
Angeles and wherever people have been infected with
  
the virus for seven or eight years. 

 argumentation 
argument; debate; dispute. Some
  members may take unyielding positions, leading to
  unproductive argumentation. 
Some members may take
  
unyielding positions, leading to unproductive
  
arguments. 

 arithmetical 
arithmetic. 

 around about 
about; around. It was around about
  then that he left for East Africa. 
It was around
  
then that he left for East Africa. 

 arrive at (an; the) accord 
agree; compromise;
  
concur; decide; resolve; settle. AT&T and unions
  representing about 160,000 employees arrived at an
  accord on a new three-year national contract. 
AT&T
  
and unions representing about 160,000 employees
  
agreed on a new three-year national contract. 

 arrive at (an; the) agreement 
agree; compromise;
  
concur; decide; resolve; settle. 

 arrive at (a; the) compromise 
agree; compromise;
  
concur; decide; resolve; settle. 

 arrive at (a; the) conclusion 
conclude; decide;
  
deduce; determine; infer; judge; reason; resolve;
  
settle. I think they have arrived at the
  conclusion that he is now a neutralized force. 
I
  
think they have concluded that he is now a
  
neutralized force. ■ He concedes that in terms of
  sheer numbers, Stalinism may well have been more
  murderous than Nazism─though he arrives at this
  conclusion by ruling out of consideration the
  millions of deaths brought about by the wars the
  Nazis waged. 
He concedes that in terms of sheer
  
numbers, Stalinism may well have been more
  
murderous than Nazism─though he deduces this by
  
ruling out of consideration the millions of deaths
  
brought about by the wars the Nazis waged. 

 arrive at (a; the) decision (on; upon) 
conclude;
  
decide; deduce; determine; infer; judge; reason;
  
resolve; settle. 

 arrive at (a; the) determination (on; upon)
  
conclude; decide; deduce; determine; infer; judge;
  
reason; resolve; settle. 

 arrive at (an; the) estimate (estimation) (of)
  
approximate; assess; estimate; evaluate; rate.
  
Since information from subsequent steps in an
  assessment is needed to arrive at an estimate of
  what the firm's actual marketing effort will be,
  the assessment from this point on is reiterative.
  
Since information from subsequent steps in an
  
assessment is needed to estimate what the firm's
  
actual marketing effort will be, the assessment
  
from this point on is reiterative. 

 arrive at (an; the) opinion 
conclude; decide;
  
deduce; determine; infer; judge; reason; resolve;
  
settle. 

 arrive at (a; the) resolution 
agree; conclude;
  
decide; resolve; settle. 

 arrive at (a; the) settlement 
agree; conclude;
  
decide; resolve; settle. 

 arrive at (an; the) understanding 
agree;
  
compromise; concur; decide; resolve; settle. 

 as a consequence 
consequently; hence; so; then;
  
therefore; thus. As a consequence, there are a lot
  of charlatans, zealots, and incompetents offering
  their services. 
Thus, there are a lot of
  
charlatans, zealots, and incompetents offering
  
their services. ■ As a consequence, we do not see
  obvious opportunities for start-up companies or
  participants from outside the semiconductor
  industry. 
We therefore do not see obvious
  
opportunities for start-up companies or
  
participants from outside the semiconductor
  
industry. ■ As a consequence, relative costs of
  U.S. wheat output are low, and the United States
  enjoys a comparative advantage in the output of
  this product. 
Consequently, relative costs of U.S.
  
wheat output are low, and the United States enjoys
  
a comparative advantage in the output of this
  
product. 

 as a consequence of 
after; because of; by; due to;
  
following; for; from; in; out of; owing to;
  
through; with. This was primarily the result of
  rationalization measures and high workloads in the
  Business Area's factories as a consequence of
  increased activity in a number of markets. 
This
  
was primarily the result of rationalization
  
measures and high workloads in the Business Area's
  
factories owing to increased activity in a number
  
of markets. ■ As a consequence of the 43 million
  babies born in the years immediately following
  World War II, a middle-aged bulge is forming and
  eventually the 35- to-45-year-old age group will
  increase by 80 percent. 
Because of the 43 million
  
babies born in the years immediately following
  
World War II, a middle-aged bulge is forming and
  
eventually the 35- to-45-year-old age group will
  
increase by 80 percent. 

 as a consequence of the fact that 
because;
  
considering; for; in that; since. 

 as against 
against; to. Total investments in
  property, plant, and equipment amounted to SEK
  1,592 m. in 1987, as against SEK 1,643 m. in the
  preceding year. 
Total investments in property,
  
plant, and equipment amounted to SEK 1,592 m. in
  
1987, against SEK 1,643 m. in the preceding year.

 as a general rule 
almost all; as a rule; chiefly;
  
commonly; customarily; generally; greatly; in
  
general; largely; mainly; most; mostly; most often;
  
much; nearly all; normally; overall; typically;
  
usually. As a general rule, you've gotten your
  first news of breaking events from television or
  radio. 
As a rule, you've gotten your first news of
  
breaking events from television or radio. ■ As a
  general rule, interest payments are made every six
  months. 
Typically, interest payments are made
  
every six months. ■ As a general rule, new skills
  develop as a by-product of dealing with new
  situations or handling familiar ones more
  effectively. 
Most new skills develop as a
  
by-product of dealing with new situations or
  
handling familiar ones more effectively. 

 as a matter of course 
commonly; customarily;
  
habitually; naturally; normally; ordinarily;
  
regularly; routinely; typically; usually. If jobs
  are organized in a proper manner, they reason, the
  result will be the most efficient job structure,
  and the most favorable job attitudes will follow as
  a matter of course. 
If jobs are organized in a
  
proper manner, they reason, the result will be the
  
most efficient job structure, and the most
  
favorable job attitudes will follow naturally. ■
  Most veterinarians do it as a matter of course
  because it is a money-making procedure. 
Most
  
veterinarians do it routinely because it is a
  
money-making procedure. 

 as a matter of fact 
actually; indeed; in fact; in
  
faith; in reality; in truth; really; truly;
  
delete. As a matter of fact, there are some rumors
  of discontent. 
In fact, there are some rumors of
  
discontent. 

 as a matter of fact 
also; and; as well; besides;
  
beyond that (this); even; further; furthermore;
  
moreover; more than that (this); still more; then;
  
too; what is more. 

 as a means for (of; to) (-ing) 
for (-ing); so as
  
to; to. I have found the spelling checker
  extremely useful as a means for proofreading text.
  
I have found the spelling checker extremely useful
  
for proofreading text. ■ The Trust may purchase or
  sell options on debt securities as a means of
  achieving additional return or hedging the Trust's
  portfolio securities. 
The Trust may purchase or
  
sell options on debt securities to achieve
  
additional return or hedge the Trust's portfolio
  
securities. ■ It is important to recognize the
  value of structures that draw their strength from
  the family, the community, and informal
  associations as a means to create more humane and
  effective social policy. 
It is important to
  
recognize the value of structures that draw their
  
strength from the family, the community, and
  
informal associations so as to create more humane
  
and effective social policy. 

 as and when 
as; when. At the same time, they have
  substantial outflows, ongoing expenses which cannot
  be shifted but must be paid as and when they become
  due. 
At the same time, they have substantial
  
outflows, ongoing expenses which cannot be shifted
  
but must be paid as they become due. 

 as an example 
for example; for instance. 

 as ... apply to 
about; as for; as to; concerning;
  
for; in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; with; delete. I've always been intrigued
  by the concept of marketing as it applies to health
  care. 
I've always been intrigued by the concept of
  
health-care marketing.

 as a result 
consequently; hence; so; then;
  
therefore; thus. As a result, file operations
  occur much more quickly than if unbuffered disk I/O
  techniques were used. 
Hence file operations occur
  
much more quickly than if unbuffered disk I/O
  
techniques were used. ■ The IDA was working to
  make jobs available to the graduates of these
  schools, and as a result, the educational climate
  in Ireland has changed dramatically. 
The IDA was
  
working to make jobs available to the graduates of
  
these schools, and thus, the educational climate in
  
Ireland has changed dramatically. 

 as a result of 
after; because of; by; due to;
  
following; for; from; in; out of; owing to;
  
through; with. Protection and benefits that
  employees once looked to unions to negotiate for
  them are now theirs as a result of federal and
  state legislation. 
Protection and benefits that
  
employees once looked to unions to negotiate for
  
them are now theirs through federal and state
  
legislation. ■ Much pain and resentment was
  rekindled as a result of recent political
  maneuverings between the Turkish and U.S.
  governments. 
Much pain and resentment was
  
rekindled following recent political maneuverings
  
between the Turkish and U.S. governments. ■ An
  objective of a school should be to treat students
  as clients rather than wards, who as a result of a
  combination of law and custom are under our
  supervision. 
An objective of a school should be to
  
treat students as clients rather than wards, who
  
owing to a combination of law and custom are under
  
our supervision. ■ More people die as a result of
  drinking alcohol than as a result of smoking
  marijuana. 
More people die from drinking alcohol
  
than from smoking marijuana. ■ According to Mr.
  Chaudhuri, the Bengali Hindu gentry lost their
  rightful role as the political and cultural leaders
  of modern India, partly as a result of their own
  moral limitations, but mostly because of a
  combination of British racism and the rise of
  democratic politics. 
According to Mr. Chaudhuri,
  
the Bengali Hindu gentry lost their rightful role
  
as the political and cultural leaders of modern
  
India, partly because of their own moral
  
limitations, but mostly because of a combination of
  
British racism and the rise of democratic politics.

 as a result of the fact that 
because; considering;
  
for; in that; since. This is clearly an area of
  growing importance to BOCs, particularly as a
  result of the fact that a recent court decision
  allows them to enter in certain segments of
  enhanced services. 
This is clearly an area of
  
growing importance to BOCs, particularly because a
  
recent court decision allows them to enter in
  
certain segments of enhanced services. 

 as a rule 
almost all; chiefly; commonly;
  
generally; greatly; in general; largely; mainly;
  
most; mostly; most often; much; nearly all;
  
normally; overall; typically. As a rule, I
  wouldn't dream of doing something like this.
  
Normally, I wouldn't dream of doing something like
  
this. 

 as a way for (of; to) (-ing) 
for (-ing); so as to;
  
to. More and more professionals are using dating
  services as a way of meeting the perfect mate.
  
More and more professionals are using dating
  
services to meet the perfect mate. 

 as a whole 
complete; entire; whole; delete. It's
  an embarrassment to the administration as a whole.
  
It's an embarrassment to the administration. ■ He
  was speaking for the democratic party as a whole.
  
He was speaking for the entire democratic party.
  ■ The comments are wrong, and they are an affront
  to the black community as a whole. 
The comments
  
are wrong, and they are an affront to the whole
  
black community. 

 ascend up 
ascend. 

 as compared to (with) 
against; alongside; beside;
  
compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less than;
  
more; more than; next to; over; than; to; versus;
  
vis-a-vis. The governments of developing countries
  give low priority to these skills as compared to
  technological skills and knowledge. 
The
  
governments of developing countries give lower
  
priority to these skills than to technological
  
skills and knowledge. ■ The Japanese can design
  and build a car in about 3 1/2 years as compared to
  U.S. auto makers' average of 5 years. 
The Japanese
  
can design and build a car in about 3 1/2 years
  
against U.S. auto makers' average of 5 years. ■
  Data communications is not very familiar ground to
  the operating companies as compared to their
  expertise in voice. 
Data communications is not
  
very familiar ground to the operating companies
  
compared to their expertise in voice. ■ Net income
  for the third quarter of 1988 was $206,000, or 7
  cents per share, as compared to income of $917,000,
  or 28 cents per share, in 1987. 
Net income for the
  
third quarter of 1988 was $206,000, or 7 cents per
  
share, versus income of $917,000, or 28 cents per
  
share, in 1987.

 as compared to (with) ... relatively 
compared to
  
(with). As compared to Western Europeans and the
  Japanese, Americans save a relatively small
  proportion of their disposable income. 
Compared to
  
Western Europeans and the Japanese, Americans save
  
a small proportion of their disposable income. 

 as concerns 
about; as for; as to; concerning; for;
  
in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; with. 

 as contrasted to (with) 
against; alongside;
  
beside; compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less
  
than; more; more than; next to; over; than; to;
  
unlike; versus; vis-a-vis. Only 27 percent and 15
  percent, respectively, believe themselves to be
  better qualified to teach the life sciences and the
  physical or earth sciences, as contrasted to 82
  percent who consider themselves well qualified to
  teach reading. 
Only 27 percent and 15 percent,
  
respectively, believe themselves to be better
  
qualified to teach the life sciences and the
  
physical or earth sciences, versus 82 percent who
  
consider themselves well qualified to teach
  
reading. ■ Epidemiologists find that people who
  eat a lot of fish have much lower rates of both
  cholesterol-caused heart disease and cholesterol
  gallstones as contrasted to people who don't.
  
Epidemiologists find that people who eat a lot of
  
fish have much lower rates of both
  
cholesterol-caused heart disease and cholesterol
  
gallstones than people who don't. 

 a (the) score of  delete. Sweden is on top by a
  score of 6 to 1. 
Sweden is on top by 6 to 1. ■
  Cleveland defeated Baltimore today by a score of 11
  to 2. 
Cleveland defeated Baltimore today by 11 to
  
2.

 ascribable to 
because of; caused by; due to; owing
  
to; resulting from. 

 as (the) days (decades; months; weeks; years) go on
  
at length; eventually; in time; later; one day;
  
over the months (years); over time; someday;
  
sometime; ultimately; with time; yet; delete. As
  the years go on, customers will look to NYNEX and
  others to give them more than just the transmission
  of information─they'll also need the software and
  the systems integration to run their businesses and
  homes more efficiently. 
Over time, customers will
  
look to NYNEX and others to give them more than
  
just the transmission of information─they'll also
  
need the software and the systems integration to
  
run their businesses and homes more efficiently. 

 a second time 
again; once more. 

 as (so) far as ... (goes; is concerned) 
about; as
  
for; as to; concerning; for; in; of; on; over;
  
regarding; respecting; to; toward; with; delete.
  As far as bonuses go, those are based on year-end
  results. 
As for bonuses, those are based on
  
year-end results. ■ As far as I'm concerned, the
  difference is finding people who know what they're
  doing. 
To me, the difference is finding people who
  
know what they're doing. ■ As far as most other
  possible complications were concerned, one group
  did about as well as the other. 
As to most other
  
possible complications, one group did about as well
  
as the other. ■ The effect of lead is particularly
  traumatic as far as young children are concerned.
  
The effect of lead is particularly traumatic on
  
young children. ■ In fact, as far as the ``secrets
  of entrepreneurial success'' go, it's impossible to
  recognize that a little bit of luck helps and a lot
  of luck is even better. 
In fact, concerning the
  
``secrets of entrepreneurial success,'' it's
  
impossible to recognize that a little bit of luck
  
helps and a lot of luck is even better. ■ The
  general view seems to be that infectious agents
  transmitted by rodents are not of particular
  relevance as far as public health goes. 
The
  
general view seems to be that infectious agents
  
transmitted by rodents are not of particular
  
relevance to public health. 

 as follows  delete. The quote is as follows: ``I
  never met a man who had better motives for all the
  trouble he's causing.'' 
The quote is ``I never met
  
a man who had better motives for all the trouble
  
he's causing.''

 as ... for example (for instance) 
as; for example
  
(for instance); like; such as. No such close match
  is necessary if the intent of the assessment is to
  monitor the general state of student knowledge and
  competence in science, as for example in past
  assessments conducted by NAEP. 
No such close match
  
is necessary if the intent of the assessment is to
  
monitor the general state of student knowledge and
  
competence in science, as in past assessments
  
conducted by NAEP. 

 as for (in; with) the case of 
as for (in; with);
  
like. Even when countries adopt state religions,
  as in the cases of the United Kingdom, Spain, and
  Italy, the religious context of the country is not
  necessarily monolithic. 
Even when countries adopt
  
state religions, as in the United Kingdom, Spain,
  
and Italy, the religious context of the country is
  
not necessarily monolithic. 

 as how 
that. 

 aside from 
besides; beyond. Aside from the lack
  of restraints, there are other differences a
  foreign investor must get used to. 
Besides the
  
lack of restraints, there are other differences a
  
foreign investor must get used to. ■ Part of
  Hercules' motive in making the documentary, aside
  from his love of the game, is to increase public
  awareness of the historical importance of these
  baseball parks. 
Part of Hercules' motive in making
  
the documentary, beyond his love of the game, is to
  
increase public awareness of the historical
  
importance of these baseball parks. 

 aside from ... also (as well) 
aside from; besides;
  
beyond. 

 as, if, and when 
if; when. The Company will be
  deemed to have purchased tendered Shares as, if,
  and when it gives oral and written notice to the
  Depositary of its acceptance for payment of such
  Shares. 
The Company will be deemed to have
  
purchased tendered Shares when it gives oral and
  
written notice to the Depositary of its acceptance
  
for payment of such Shares. 

 a single one 
a single; one. Not a single one of
  the dire accusations or predictions made in that
  article has come true. 
Not one of the dire
  
accusations or predictions made in that article has
  
come true. 

 a single solitary (one) 
a single; one. 

 (even) as I (we) speak 
(just; right) now; delete.
  As we speak, New York state is starting a drug
  education program. 
New York state is now starting
  
a drug education program. 

 as is the case 
as; like. As is the case with all
  of our new words, they sound terribly impressive at
  cocktail parties. 
Like all of our new words, they
  
sound terribly impressive at cocktail parties. ■
  As was the case in the previous auction, the
  government lacked the authority to issue any more
  long bonds. 
As in the previous auction, the
  
government lacked the authority to issue any more
  
long bonds. ■ As has been the case so often
  before, the candidates are again trivializing the
  issues. 
As so often before, the candidates are
  
again trivializing the issues. 

 as it turned out 
by chance; luckily; unluckily. 

 ask (a; the) question 
ask. We need to ask
  ourselves the question if animals are necessary for
  medical training. 
We need to ask ourselves if
  
animals are necessary for medical training. 

 as long as (so long as) (that) 
if. This program,
  as well as others like it, will make a difference
  as long as we have strong public support for
  changing the plight of these children. 
This
  
program, as well as others like it, will make a
  
difference if we have strong public support for
  
changing the plight of these children. 

 as luck would have it 
by chance; luckily;
  
unluckily. 

 as many (much) as 
up to. There are nearly 300
  individual fund managers, ranging from those with a
  single fund to the very large mutual fund families
  that offer as many as 100 different funds. 
There
  
are nearly 300 individual fund managers, ranging
  
from those with a single fund to the very large
  
mutual fund families that offer up to 100 different
  
funds. 

 as of 
on; delete. The plant will shut down as of
  November 1. 
The plant will shut down November 1.

 as often as not 
commonly; customarily; generally;
  
normally; often; ordinarily; typically; usually. 

 as opposed to 
against; alongside; beside; compared
  
to (with); -(i)er than; less; less than; more; more
  
than; next to; over; than; to; versus; vis-a-vis.
  
Americans were found to be eight times more likely
  to own a handgun than Canadians─24 percent as
  opposed to 3 percent. 
Americans were found to be
  
eight times more likely to own a handgun than
  
Canadians─24 percent compared to 3 percent. ■
  Thanks to the recent strength of the dollar, the
  U.S. markets remain attractive, as opposed to their
  foreign counterparts. 
Thanks to the recent
  
strength of the dollar, the U.S. markets remain
  
more attractive than their foreign counterparts. ■
  The study found that Boston banks made 24 percent
  fewer loans in minority neighborhoods as opposed to
  in nearby white communities. 
The study found that
  
Boston banks made 24 percent fewer loans in
  
minority neighborhoods than in nearby white
  
communities.

 as opposed to 
instead of; not; rather than;
  
whereas. You're able to let go of someone you
  wanted as opposed to someone you needed. 
You're
  
able to let go of someone you wanted, not someone
  
you needed. ■ All the RamFont cards support 12
  fonts, each with 256 characters, as opposed to EGA,
  which supports only 2 fonts with 256 characters.
  
All the RamFont cards support 12 fonts, each with
  
256 characters, whereas EGA supports only 2 fonts
  
with 256 characters. ■ Citibank and the customer
  would be ahead if the customer were served by
  private banking experts as opposed to branch
  generalists. 
Citibank and the customer would be
  
ahead if the customer were served by private
  
banking experts instead of branch generalists. ■
  Why do customers choose one brand as opposed to
  another? 
Why do customers choose one brand rather
  
than another? 

 a spectrum of 
assorted; countless; different;
  
diverse; extensive; many; numerous; scores of;
  
sundry; varied; various; varying; delete.

 as regards 
about; as for; as to; concerning; for;
  
in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; with. He promises to be less tightfisted
  in the future as regards training. 
He promises to
  
be less tightfisted in the future with training. ■
  At the moment, no conclusion has been reached as
  regards assignment of responsibility. 
At the
  
moment, no conclusion has been reached on
  
assignment of responsibility. 

 assemble together 
assemble. 

 assistance 
aid; help; succor. 

 assist in -ing 
help. This view assists you in
  visualizing the problem. 
This view helps you
  
visualize the problem. ■ Brainstorming is a group
  effort at generating ideas and alternatives that
  can assist a manager in making decisions or solving
  problems. 
Brainstorming is a group effort at
  
generating ideas and alternatives that can help a
  
manager make decisions or solve problems. 

 associated with 
for; in; linked to; of; -'s; with.
  
The greater the required accuracy, the greater the
  cost associated with generating a plan. 
The
  
greater the required accuracy, the greater the cost
  
of generating a plan. ■ There are also many
  strengths associated with time series analysis.
  
There are also many strengths in time series
  
analysis. ■ Unfortunately, many of us slip into
  the vocabulary associated with our jobs when we are
  communicating with others who don't know the
  jargon. 
Unfortunately, many of us slip into the
  
vocabulary of our jobs when we are communicating
  
with others who don't know the jargon. ■ They
  argue that the technology associated with the
  program makes it an aircraft whose time has come.
  
They argue that the program's technology makes it
  
an aircraft whose time has come. 

 associated with 
belongs to; employed by; works
  
for. 

 association 
connection; link; relation; tie. The
  CDC study concluded there was no association
  between use of the pill and breast cancer. 
The CDC
  
study concluded there was no link between use of
  
the pill and breast cancer. 

 as soon as 
once; when. I'll call you as soon as I
  can. 
I'll call you when I can. ■ If the file
  contains more text than you want, you can delete
  unwanted sections as soon as they have been read
  into the file you are working on. 
If the file
  
contains more text than you want, you can delete
  
unwanted sections once they have been read into the
  
file you are working on. 

 (most) assuredly 
certainly; surely; delete. That
  decision may turn out to have been a case of
  penny-wise and pound-foolish when the time comes─as
  it most assuredly will─for legislators to vote for
  new taxes. 
That decision may turn out to have been
  
a case of penny-wise and pound-foolish when the
  
time comes─as it surely will─for legislators to
  
vote for new taxes. 

 (most; very) assuredly 
yes. 

 assure (ensure; insure) ... guarantee 
ensure;
  
guarantee. There must be a way to ensure that
  their privacy is guaranteed. 
There must be a way
  
to ensure their privacy. 

 a (the) stage of  delete. Other products take a
  long time to gain acceptance and may never reach a
  stage of widespread adoption. 
Other products take
  
a long time to gain acceptance and may never reach
  
widespread adoption.

 as the basis for (-ing) 
for (-ing); so as to; to.
  
Data is any information used as the basis for
  discussing or deciding something. 
Data is any
  
information used for discussing or deciding
  
something. ■ The claims are the most significant
  part of the patent since they will be used as the
  basis for ascertaining the novelty and
  patentability of an invention. 
The claims are the
  
most significant part of the patent since they will
  
be used to ascertain the novelty and patentability
  
of an invention. 

 as the case (situation) may be delete. When both
  are used on the same drawing, the parts list is
  placed directly above and in contact with the title
  block or the title strip, as the case may be. 
When
  
both are used on the same drawing, the parts list
  
is placed directly above and in contact with the
  
title block or the title strip. 

 as the need arises (develops) 
as needed.
  
Corrections and adjustments can be made as the
  need arises. 
Corrections and adjustments can be
  
made as needed. ■ Teaching on other instruments
  will be offered as the need arises. 
Teaching on
  
other instruments will be offered as needed. 

 as the saying goes  delete.

 as time goes on 
at length; in due time; in time;
  
later; one day; over time; someday; sometime;
  
ultimately; with time; yet; delete. As time goes
  on, maintenance revenues will rise for the average
  distributor. 
Maintenance revenues will yet rise
  
for the average distributor. ■ Even frozen at 1986
  levels, they will play an increasingly large role
  in ozone loss as time goes on. 
Even frozen at 1986
  
levels, they will play an increasingly large role
  
in ozone loss over time. ■ As time went on, he got
  worse. 
Ultimately, he got worse. 

 as time progresses (forward; on; onward) 
at
  
length; eventually; in due time; in time; later;
  
one day; over the months (years); over time;
  
someday; sometime; ultimately; with time; yet;
  
delete. As time progressed, she decided to divorce
  him. 
At length, she decided to divorce him. ■
  There may have been a time when he was a man of
  good deeds, but as time progressed he began to use
  people to obtain power. 
There may have been a time
  
when he was a man of good deeds, but over time he
  
began to use people to obtain power. 

 as to 
about; for; in; of; on; with; delete. I'm
  curious as to why you would choose to be in that
  situation. 
I'm curious why you would choose to be
  
in that situation. ■ People have different ideas
  as to what is sexually acceptable to them. 
People
  
have different ideas on what is sexually acceptable
  
to them. ■ Once you know your skills, aptitudes,
  interests, and motivations, you will have a good
  idea as to what you have going for you and what you
  want. 
Once you know your skills, aptitudes,
  
interests, and motivations, you will have a good
  
idea of what you have going for you and what you
  
want. 

 as to whether 
whether. Emotional responses do
  alter the blood supply to the colon mucosa, but it
  is unclear as to whether stress is the cause or the
  effect of the disease process. 
Emotional responses
  
do alter the blood supply to the colon mucosa, but
  
it is unclear whether stress is the cause or the
  
effect of the disease process. ■ It's too early to
  speculate as to whether the two stabbings are
  connected. 
It's too early to speculate whether the
  
two stabbings are connected. 

 as well as 
and. Banks have added to their capital
  by retaining a higher share of current earnings, in
  some cases selling their undervalued real estate as
  well as business assets. 
Banks have added to their
  
capital by retaining a higher share of current
  
earnings, in some cases selling their undervalued
  
real estate and business assets. ■ To nurture this
  customer base as well as to attract new customers,
  the direct sellers have developed sophisticated
  telecommunications centers and data processing
  systems. 
To nurture this customer base and attract
  
new customers, the direct sellers have developed
  
sophisticated telecommunications centers and data
  
processing systems. 

 as (of) yet 
yet. I haven't mastered the sport as
  of yet. 
I haven't mastered the sport yet. ■
  Although all questions are not answered as yet, a
  few basic points are clear. 
Although all questions
  
are not yet answered, a few basic points are
  
clear.

 at about (around) 
about (around). We got there at
  about 7:00. 
We got there about 7:00. 

 at a certain (any; one; some) point in my history
  (point in my life; point in the history of my life;
  point in time) 
at one time; ever; once; one day;
  
someday; sometime; delete. Did you attempt suicide
  at one point in your life? 
Did you ever attempt
  
suicide? ■ At one point in the history of my life,
  I was a high school English teacher. 
I was once a
  
high school English teacher. ■ I would like a new
  camera at some point in time. 
I would like a new
  
camera one day. 

 at a (some) future (later; subsequent) date (time)
  
at length; eventually; in due time; in time;
  
later; one day; over the months (years); over time;
  
someday; sometime; ultimately; with time; yet. If
  you are willing to reconsider your request to
  cancel your account, either now or at a later date,
  please let me know. 
If you are willing to
  
reconsider your request to cancel your account,
  
either now or later, please let me know. ■ They
  say that if a site isn't going to be excavated
  professionally, then don't touch it; don't be what
  might be viewed at some future time as a tomb
  robber. 
They say that if a site isn't going to be
  
excavated professionally, then don't touch it;
  
don't be what might be viewed one day as a tomb
  
robber. 

 at all  delete. You're unwilling to make any sort
  of compromise at all. 
You're unwilling to make any
  
sort of compromise. ■ The parent company has
  rarely issued bonds and issues no CDs at all. 
The
  
parent company has rarely issued bonds and issues
  
no CDs.

 at all times 
always; ceaselessly; constantly;
  
endlessly; everyday; forever. The point is that
  the process must be managed from the top at all
  times. 
The point is that the process must be
  
managed always from the top. ■ He is at all times
  a gentleman. 
He is always a gentleman. 

 at a (the) juncture (juncture in time; moment;
  moment in time; period; period in time; point;
  point in time; stage; stage in time; time) 
when.
  
At the point in time this book was published,
  several other titles were also available. 
When
  
this book was published, several other titles were
  
also available. ■ At the time the DeBraak was
  found, the Corps believed it was not historically
  significant enough to merit an archeologist. 
When
  
the DeBraak was found, the Corps believed it was
  
not historically significant enough to merit an
  
archeologist. 

 at a (the) juncture (juncture in time; moment;
  moment in time; period; period in time; point;
  point in time; stage; stage in time; time) when 
  
when. At the point when the infected person
  develops clinical symptoms of AIDS, he or she is
  more likely to infect a sexual partner than at
  other periods. 
When the infected person develops
  
clinical symptoms of AIDS, he or she is more likely
  
to infect a sexual partner than at other periods.
  ■ On a computer, the design is created on the
  screen, and the scale can be decided, and changed,
  at the time when the final drawing is printed out
  on a printer or plotter. 
On a computer, the design
  
is created on the screen, and the scale can be
  
decided, and changed, when the final drawing is
  
printed out on a printer or plotter.

 at an (some) earlier (former; past; previous) date
  (time) 
before; earlier; formerly; once. 

 at an end 
complete; done; ended; finished; over;
  
past. Barring the unexpected, the 25-year search
  for a new arena is at an end. 
Barring the
  
unexpected, the 25-year search for a new arena is
  
over. 

 at any date (hour; time) 
any time. 

 at any minute (moment) 
directly; momentarily;
  
momently; presently; soon. 

 at any rate 
anyhow; even so; still; yet. 

 at (from; in; on; to) (a; the) area (locale;
  locality; location; place; point; position; region;
  site; spot) 
where; wherever. The program is
  temporarily interrupted, and can be restarted any
  time at the exact place it left off. 
The program
  
is temporarily interrupted, and can be restarted
  
any time exactly where it left off. 

 at (from; in; on; to) (any; each; every; some) area
  (locale; locality; location; place; point;
  position; region; site; spot) 
anyplace; anywhere;
  
ever; everyplace; everywhere; one day; someday;
  
someplace; sometime; somewhere; where; wherever.
  
You can insert this information at any point in
  your document by moving the cursor to the desired
  spot and playing back the recorded keystrokes. 
You
  
can insert this information anywhere in your
  
document by moving the cursor to the desired spot
  
and playing back the recorded keystrokes. ■ Would
  you encourage your child to skate competitively at
  some point? 
Would you encourage your child to
  
skate competitively someday? ■ If at any point I
  felt I was an embarrassment to the president, I
  would resign. 
If I ever felt I was an
  
embarrassment to the president, I would resign. ■
  Experts estimate 93 percent of these women will
  become pregnant at some point in their working
  lives. 
Experts estimate 93 percent of these women
  
will become pregnant sometime in their working
  
lives. 

 at (from; in; on; to) (a; the) area (locale;
  locality; location; place; point; position; region;
  site; spot) where 
where; wherever. The voodoo
  doctor told me to put them in a location where no
  one would ever find them. 
The voodoo doctor told
  
me to put them where no one would ever find them.
  ■ You enter the definition code at the place where
  you want the table of contents to appear. 
You
  
enter the definition code where you want the table
  
of contents to appear. 

 at (from; in; on; to) (any; each; every; some) area
  (locale; locality; location; place; point;
  position; region; site; spot) where 
anyplace;
  
anywhere; ever; everyplace; everywhere; one day;
  
someday; someplace; sometime; somewhere; where;
  
wherever. To do this, you enter C codes at each
  point where you want to enter data. 
To do this,
  
you enter C codes wherever you want to enter data.
  ■ At every place where food was available, people
  went hungry for lack of dry fuel. 
Wherever food
  
was available, people went hungry for lack of dry
  
fuel. 

 at (for) (a; the) cost (price; sum) of 
at (for).
  
The Tower was built from 1970 to 1974 at a cost of
  more than $150 million. 
The Tower was built from
  
1970 to 1974 for more than $150 million. 

 at every turn 
always; ceaselessly; consistently;
  
constantly; endlessly; eternally; everyday;
  
forever; unfailingly. 

 at frequent (periodic; regular) intervals (periods)
  
frequently; periodically; regularly. The longer
  the range in plans, the greater the need to keep
  them flexible and to review them at frequent
  intervals. 
The longer the range in plans, the
  
greater the need to keep them flexible and to
  
review them frequently. ■ The piece quite plainly
  belongs to that distinct genre written by and for
  men with more wits and time than is good for their
  character and through the reading of which one is
  supposed to remark, daintily and at regular
  intervals, ``How disgusting, but how sensitive,''
  and keep right on. 
The piece quite plainly belongs
  
to that distinct genre written by and for men with
  
more wits and time than is good for their character
  
and through the reading of which one is supposed to
  
remark, daintily and regularly, ``How disgusting,
  
but how sensitive,'' and keep right on. ■ At
  periodic intervals, the entries made in the
  journals are posted to the general ledger.
  
Periodically, the entries made in the journals are
  
posted to the general ledger. 

 at (a; the) ... level 
-(al)ly; delete. Prices at
  the wholesale level will go up 6 cents per gallon.
  
Wholesale prices will go up 6 cents per gallon. ■
  The solution lies not with the city but at the
  state level. 
The solution lies not with the city
  
but the state. ■ If resources are wasted on
  obtaining information for less valuable situations,
  they will not be available at adequate levels for
  more difficult but more valuable studies. 
If
  
resources are wasted on obtaining information for
  
less valuable situations, they will not be
  
adequately available for more difficult but more
  
valuable studies. ■ On average, U.S. students do
  not master math basics at a level sufficient to
  sustain our present technologically based society.
  
On average, U.S. students do not master math
  
basics sufficiently to sustain our present
  
technologically based society. 

 at long last 
at last; finally. 

 at (for) no charge (cost) 
free. It will be
  available at no charge through Avatar dealers
  nationwide. 
It will be available free through
  
Avatar dealers nationwide. 

 at no time 
never. At no time was it this union's
  position to oppose the Emerson College proposal or
  deprive fellow workers of jobs made available by
  this project. 
Never was it this union's position
  
to oppose the Emerson College proposal or deprive
  
fellow workers of jobs made available by this
  
project. 

 at one time (in the past) 
once. 

 atop of 
atop. 

 a (the) total ... (of)  delete. From a total of
  $135 billion at the beginning of 1980, mutual fund
  assets surged to a total of $716 billion by the end
  of 1986. 
From $135 billion at the beginning of
  
1980, mutual fund assets surged to $716 billion by
  
the end of 1986. ■ The United States sent a total
  of 3.4 million men and women to serve in Southeast
  Asia during the period. 
The United States sent 3.4
  
million men and women to serve in Southeast Asia
  
during the period. ■ The status line displays the
  total number of words that were checked. 
The
  
status line displays the number of words that were
  
checked.

 at (a; the) ... pace (of) 
at; by; -(al)ly;
  
delete. We've had fairly stable interest rates and
  an economy that continues to grow at a moderate
  pace. 
We've had fairly stable interest rates and
  
an economy that continues to grow moderately. 

 at (the) present 
(just; right) now; nowadays;
  
these days; today; (just) yet; delete.  At
  present, nothing indicates that South Africa is
  prepared to completely dismantle apartheid.
  
Nothing yet indicates that South Africa is
  
prepared to completely dismantle apartheid. ■
  Knowledge-based inference engines have a small
  market at present. 
Knowledge-based inference
  
engines have a small market today. ■ American
  businesses are part of a global economy regardless
  of how large or small they are at present and
  regardless of where they are located. 
American
  
businesses are part of a global economy regardless
  
of how large or small they now are and regardless
  
of where they are located. 

 at (a; the) ... rate (of) 
at; by; -(al)ly;
  
delete. Crime on college campuses is growing at a
  geometric rate. 
Crime on college campuses is
  
growing geometrically. ■ The main danger with
  carbon monoxide is that it attaches to hemoglobin
  cells at a rate 210 times faster than oxygen─and
  the hemoglobin transports the pollutant to the rest
  of the body, depriving the brain and other organs
  of oxygen. 
The main danger with carbon monoxide is
  
that it attaches to hemoglobin cells 210 times
  
faster than oxygen─and the hemoglobin transports
  
the pollutant to the rest of the body, depriving
  
the brain and other organs of oxygen. ■ Despite
  its proximity to the United States, Mexico remains
  a developing nation burdened by massive external
  debt and an economy that has shrunk at a rate of 4
  percent a year since 1982. 
Despite its proximity
  
to the United States, Mexico remains a developing
  
nation burdened by massive external debt and an
  
economy that has shrunk by 4 percent a year since
  
1982.

 at some point (time) along the line (the way) 
at
  
some point; at some time. 

 at specific (specified; timed) intervals (periods)
  
periodically; regularly. 

 at (a; the) ... speed (of) 
at; by; -(al)ly;
  
delete. Loosened by rain or melting snow, ordinary
  soil on a steep hillside can suddenly turn into a
  lethal wave sweeping downward at speeds of more
  than 30 miles per hour. 
Loosened by rain or
  
melting snow, ordinary soil on a steep hillside can
  
suddenly turn into a lethal wave sweeping downward
  
at more than 30 miles per hour. 

 attach together 
attach. 

 attack by assailants 
assail; assault; attack.
  
They were departing a local discotheque and
  entering their vehicle when they were attacked by
  assailants. 
They were departing a local
  
discotheque and entering their vehicle when they
  
were attacked. 

 attempt 
try. My ex-wife and I attempted to have a
  child for six years. 
My ex-wife and I tried to
  
have a child for six years. ■ A FILE LOCKED error
  message appears if you attempt to read the file
  with a BASIC.SYSTEM command. 
A FILE LOCKED error
  
message appears if you try to read the file with a
  
BASIC.SYSTEM command. 

 attention ... focused on (upon) 
attention on;
  
focus on. In presidential politics, everyone's
  attention is now focused on the South. 
In
  
presidential politics, everyone is now focused on
  
the South. ■ Initially, attention is focused on
  the economic, political, and legal environment in
  overseas markets and at home. 
Initially, attention
  
is on the economic, political, and legal
  
environment in overseas markets and at home. ■
  Thus management attention should now be focused on
  specific problems in mid- and late-career planning.
  
Thus management should now be focused on specific
  
problems in mid- and late-career planning. 

 at that (this) juncture 
at present; at that (this)
  
time; current; currently; (just; right) now;
  
nowadays; present; presently; then; these days;
  
today; (just) yet; delete. For nimble investors,
  a little buying may be appropriate at this
  juncture. 
For nimble investors, a little buying
  
may now be appropriate. ■ At this juncture, we
  have no further comment. 
We have no further
  
comment just yet. ■ At this juncture, it is
  appropriate to analyze the nature of Salem
  Hospital's grievance with the rates established for
  it. 
At this time, it is appropriate to analyze the
  
nature of Salem Hospital's grievance with the rates
  
established for it.

 at that (this) juncture (juncture in time; moment;
  moment in time; period; period in time; point;
  point in time; stage; stage in time; time) in my
  history (in my life; in the history of my life)
  
at present; at that (this) time; current;
  
currently; (just; right) now; nowadays; present;
  
presently; then; these days; today; (just) yet;
  
delete. At that point in my life, death seemed
  vague and romantic. 
Death seemed vague and
  
romantic then. ■ I don't have the desire at this
  moment in my life to do more acting. 
I don't
  
currently have the desire to do more acting. ■ At
  this point in time in our history, that can be a
  subtle and tricky distinction. 
Today, that can be
  
a subtle and tricky distinction. ■ One can't help
  wondering at this stage in our history whether we
  are not suffering from entropy of the soul, a
  general lowering of our emotional or sexual
  temperature. 
One can't help wondering nowadays
  
whether we are not suffering from entropy of the
  
soul, a general lowering of our emotional or sexual
  
temperature. 

 at that (this) juncture (moment; period; point;
  stage) in time 
at present; at that (this) time;
  
current; currently; (just; right) now; nowadays;
  
present; presently; then; these days; today; (just)
  
yet; delete. At this point in time, roughly 20
  percent of the people admitted for treatment are
  women. 
At this time, roughly 20 percent of the
  
people admitted for treatment are women. ■ At this
  moment in time, he must abide by the way I want
  things to be. 
He now must abide by the way I want
  
things to be. ■ My chief concern at this moment in
  time is to try and move the college forward in
  preparation for the next school year. 
My chief
  
concern is to try and move the college forward in
  
preparation for the next school year. ■ I have no
  interest in marrying at this point in time. 
I have
  
no interest in marrying just yet. 

 at that (this) moment 
at present; at that (this)
  
time; current; currently; (just; right) now;
  
nowadays; present; presently; then; these days;
  
today; (just) yet; delete. Did you know at that
  moment that your father had killed the rest of the
  family? 
Did you know then that your father had
  
killed the rest of the family? 

 at that (this) point 
at present; current;
  
currently; (just; right) now; nowadays; present;
  
presently; then; these days; today; (just) yet;
  
delete. How do you feel at this point? 
How do
  
you feel now? ■ At this point, there's nothing the
  police can do about it. 
There's nothing the police
  
can do about it at present. ■ At that point, we
  will discontinue our aid to them. 
We will then
  
discontinue our aid to them. ■ We do not know at
  this point whether an extension of our license from
  the U.S. government can be obtained. 
We do not yet
  
know whether an extension of our license from the
  
U.S. government can be obtained. 

 at that (this) stage 
at present; at that (this)
  
time; current; currently; (just; right) now;
  
nowadays; present; presently; then; these days;
  
today; (just) yet; delete. It's hard to tell at
  this stage. 
It's hard to tell now. ■ At this
  stage, dozens of cancer research teams around the
  country are studying the safety and efficiency of
  CSFs in cancer patients. 
Today, dozens of cancer
  
research teams around the country are studying the
  
safety and efficiency of CSFs in cancer patients.

 at that (this) time 
at present; current;
  
currently; (just; right) now; nowadays; present;
  
presently; then; these days; today; (just) yet;
  
delete. The potential return on the investment is
  uncertain at this time. 
The potential return on
  
the investment is presently uncertain. ■ At that
  time, the plan in the event of a failure of two
  main engines was to maneuver the shuttle into level
  flight and then make an emergency touchdown in the
  ocean. 
Then, the plan in the event of a failure of
  
two main engines was to maneuver the shuttle into
  
level flight and then make an emergency touchdown
  
in the ocean. ■ Unfortunately, this product does
  not fit with our marketing strategy at this time.
  
Unfortunately, this product does not fit with our
  
current marketing strategy. ■ And, the academics
  pointed out, some would argue that such a
  commitment should not be made at this time. 
And,
  
the academics pointed out, some would argue that
  
such a commitment should not now be made.

 at (on) the brink of 
about to; approaching; close
  
to; near; nearly; verging on. Some 10,000 Sudanese
  are on the brink of starving to death in a southern
  town under siege by armed guerrillas. 
Some 10,000
  
Sudanese are close to starving to death in a
  
southern town under siege by armed guerrillas. ■
  The U.S. is at the brink of a technical crisis, and
  3M is one company trying to pull us back from the
  precipice. 
The U.S. is verging on a technical
  
crisis, and 3M is one company trying to pull us
  
back from the precipice. 

 at the corner (intersection) of 
at. At the corner
  of Lake and Union Avenues, you can get all the
  crack you want. 
At Lake and Union Avenues, you can
  
get all the crack you want. ■ The site is located
  at the intersection of Buffum and Blake Streets in
  the Central Square Historic District. 
The site is
  
located at Buffum and Blake Streets in the Central
  
Square Historic District. 

 at the current (present) time 
at present; at this
  
time; current; currently; (just; right) now;
  
nowadays; present; presently; these days; today;
  
(just) yet; delete. What is the value of Digital's
  stock at the present time? 
What is the current
  
value of Digital's stock? ■ At the current time,
  at least one-quarter of the population of the
  United States are victims of some kind of crime
  each year. 
Nowadays, at least one-quarter of the
  
population of the United States are victims of some
  
kind of crime each year. ■ There's no snow in the
  immediate area at the present time. 
There's no
  
snow in the immediate area just yet. 

 at the hands of 
by; from; through. Estonians were
  unwise to seek revenge for 50 years of political,
  economic, and philosophical rape at the hands of
  the Soviets. 
Estonians were unwise to seek revenge
  
for 50 years of political, economic, and
  
philosophical rape by the Soviets. ■ I am enraged
  by the second-class treatment we are receiving at
  the hands of those who legislate for and govern us.
  
I am enraged by the second-class treatment we are
  
receiving from those who legislate for and govern
  
us. 

 at the (very) minimum 
at least. 

 at the (current; present) moment 
at present;
  
current; currently; (just; right) now; nowadays;
  
present; presently; these days; today; (just) yet;
  
delete. At the moment, this effort is being left
  largely to individual state colleges and
  universities to initiate. 
This effort is now being
  
left largely to individual state colleges and
  
universities to initiate. ■ At the moment, 65
  appears to be the traditional age to retire. 
Just
  
now, 65 appears to be the traditional age to
  
retire. 

 at (on) the point of 
about to; approaching; close
  
to; near; nearly; verging on. 

 at the same time 
as one; at once; collectively;
  
concurrently; jointly; together. If too many
  things happened at the same time, data would be
  lost in the process. 
If too many things happened
  
at once, data would be lost in the process. ■ A
  given stimulus fed into the network activates all
  the units at the same time, including feedback
  mechanisms that stimulate or suppress designated
  connections. 
A given stimulus fed into the network
  
activates all the units together, including
  
feedback mechanisms that stimulate or suppress
  
designated connections. 

 (and) at the same time (as; that) 
as; while. In
  many cases, Soviet interest in smoothing East-West
  relations has been complicated by conflicting
  diplomatic priorities, such as improving ties with
  China and maintaining relations with Vietnam at the
  same time. 
In many cases, Soviet interest in
  
smoothing East-West relations has been complicated
  
by conflicting diplomatic priorities, such as
  
improving ties with China while maintaining
  
relations with Vietnam. ■ A similar dilemma faces
  Cray Research Inc., which relies on Japanese-made
  chips at the same time it fends off Japanese
  challenges to its role as the world's leading maker
  of supercomputers. 
A similar dilemma faces Cray
  
Research Inc., which relies on Japanese-made chips
  
as it fends off Japanese challenges to its role as
  
the world's leading maker of supercomputers. ■ At
  the same time that firms in other cities are
  examining investment functions for their lawyers,
  and at the same time that investment subsidiaries
  may be emerging as harbingers, probate attorneys
  are taking an especially serious look at taking on
  investment advice. 
While firms in other cities are
  
examining investment functions for their lawyers,
  
and while investment subsidiaries may be emerging
  
as harbingers, probate attorneys are taking an
  
especially serious look at taking on investment
  
advice.

 attired 
dressed. 

 (a; the) ... attitude (of) delete. He had a very
  cavalier attitude about money. 
He was very
  
cavalier about money. ■ It is the Plan's policy to
  settle members' complaints promptly and with an
  attitude of mutual confidence and respect. 
It is
  
the Plan's policy to settle members' complaints
  
promptly and with mutual confidence and respect. 

 at (on) (the) top (of) 
atop; on. It removes the
  dead cells that accumulate on top of the skin. 
It
  
removes the dead cells that accumulate on the
  
skin. ■ Back in the mid-1980s when the dolls were
  at the top of the toy heap, stores everywhere had
  lists of customers waiting for them. 
Back in the
  
mid-1980s when the dolls were atop the toy heap,
  
stores everywhere had lists of customers waiting
  
for them. 

 attributable to 
because of; caused by; due to;
  
owing to; result from. These increases were
  primarily attributable to a variety of merchant
  banking activities. 
These increases were primarily
  
caused by a variety of merchant banking
  
activities. ■ His argument that the low U.S.
  saving rate is attributable to demographics is
  strengthened if we include the fastest-growing
  segment of the U.S. population, namely, senior
  citizens, in his analysis. 
His argument that the
  
low U.S. saving rate is due to demographics is
  
strengthened if we include the fastest-growing
  
segment of the U.S. population, namely, senior
  
citizens, in his analysis. ■ Some of the increase
  in leasing is attributable to those customers
  waiting for the new disk system. 
Some of the
  
increase in leasing results from those customers
  
waiting for the new disk system. 

 attributable to the fact that 
because;
  
considering; for; in that; since. The differing
  performance of black and white incomes is primarily
  attributable to the fact that white-married-couple
  families did significantly better last year than
  black-married-couple families. 
The differing
  
performance of black and white incomes is primarily
  
because white-married-couple families did
  
significantly better last year than
  
black-married-couple families. 

 at what (which) juncture (juncture in time; moment;
  moment in time; period; period in time; point;
  point in time; stage; stage in time; time) 
when.
  
At what point will you know if the business is
  profitable? 
When will you know if the business is
  
profitable? ■ That offer is due to expire Friday,
  at which point it will revert to BAT's previous
  $63-a-share tender offer. 
That offer is due to
  
expire Friday, when it will revert to BAT's
  
previous $63-a-share tender offer. 

 at your earliest convenience 
as soon as possible;
  
at once; presently; quickly; right away; shortly;
  
soon; without delay; delete. Please return the
  signed and completed application to this office at
  your earliest convenience. 
Please return the
  
signed and completed application to this office. 

 audible to the ear 
audible. 

 authentic replica 
replica. 

 author 
(v) write. 

 authoress 
author. 

 a variety of 
assorted; countless; different;
  
diverse; extensive; many; numerous; scores of;
  
sundry; varied; various; varying; delete. There
  are a variety of techniques. 
There are various
  
techniques. ■ Today, a variety of pricing
  approaches are used. 
Today, many pricing
  
approaches are used. ■ The developer interface can
  make use of graphics in a variety of ways. 
The
  
developer interface can make use of graphics in
  
diverse ways. ■ Scientists may need to compile a
  large database describing an organism's behavior
  under a variety of conditions. 
Scientists may need
  
to compile a large database describing an
  
organism's behavior under different conditions. 

 a (the) variety of different 
assorted; a variety
  
of; countless; different; diverse; extensive; many;
  
numerous; scores of; sundry; varied; various;
  
varying. The children's museum will have a variety
  of different events. 
The children's museum will
  
have a variety of events. ■ You have to look at
  these mergers from a variety of different
  perspectives. 
You have to look at these mergers
  
from different perspectives. ■ A variety of
  different laws deal with this. 
Various laws deal
  
with this.

 B

 background of experience 
background; experience.
  
It is, then, from a background of experience in
  communication that I want to present two ideas. 
It
  
is, then, from a background in communication that I
  
want to present two ideas. 

 back in 
in; last. My daughter disappeared back in
  January. 
My daughter disappeared last January. ■
  Back in the early 1900s, the U.S. government hired
  125,000 people whose only job was to eradicate
  prairie dogs. 
In the early 1900s, the U.S.
  
government hired 125,000 people whose only job was
  
to eradicate prairie dogs. 

 back (before) in the past 
before; earlier;
  
formerly; in the past; once; delete. Dealing with
  irrational people is something my father has done
  well back in the past and is something he'll do
  well in the future. 
Dealing with irrational people
  
is something my father has done well in the past
  
and is something he'll do well in the future.

 backward and forward 
completely; thoroughly. 

 badge (mark; sign; symbol) of authenticity
  (distinction; honor; prestige; rank) 
cachet.
  
Basler says the bumps, which appear on the foot
  and are regarded as a badge of distinction among
  serious surfers, result from long hours spent in
  contact with a surfboard. 
Basler says the bumps,
  
which appear on the foot and are regarded as a
  
cachet among serious surfers, result from long
  
hours spent in contact with a surfboard.

 balance out 
balance. Because seasonal forces are
  relative, they balance each other out by the
  completion of a full year. 
Because seasonal forces
  
are relative, they balance each other by the
  
completion of a full year.

 bald-headed 
bald. 

 -based 
from; in; of; -'s; delete. At the other
  end of the spectrum is the niche company, such as
  Houston-based American General Corporation. 
At the
  
other end of the spectrum is the niche company,
  
such as Houston's American General Corporation. ■
  Sharon Howard, an Atlanta-based attorney, has given
  a lot of thought to the way she is treated in the
  courtroom. 
Sharon Howard, an Atlanta attorney, has
  
given a lot of thought to the way she is treated in
  
the courtroom. ■ In the first half of 1988, 24.9
  million people worked at home compared to 23.3
  million last year, according to LINK Resources, a
  New York-based research and consulting firm. 
In
  
the first half of 1988, 24.9 million people worked
  
at home compared to 23.3 million last year,
  
according to LINK Resources, a research and
  
consulting firm in New York. 

 based in 
from; in; of; -'s; delete. PCE is a
  privately held company based in Portland, Oregon.
  
PCE is a privately held company in Portland,
  
Oregon. ■ Ms. Rhoades is a free-lance writer based
  in Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
Ms. Rhoades is a
  
free-lance writer from Cambridge, Massachusetts. 

 based on (upon) 
after; by; for; from; in; on;
  
through; with; delete. For years, knowledge of the
  African creature was largely based on speculation.
  
For years, knowledge of the African creature was
  
largely speculative. ■ One way to classify
  operating systems is based on the number of
  programs they can run at one time and the number of
  users who can be working on computers or terminals
  connected to a central computer. 
One way to
  
classify operating systems is by the number of
  
programs they can run at one time and the number of
  
users who can be working on computers or terminals
  
connected to a central computer. ■ Based on what I
  hear, everyone thinks Fan Pier has lost its moment
  of opportunity. 
From what I hear, everyone thinks
  
Fan Pier has lost its moment of opportunity.

 based on (upon) my personal judgment (opinion) 
I
  
assert; I believe; I claim; I consider; I contend;
  
I feel; I hold; I judge; I maintain; I regard; I
  
say; I think; I view; to me; delete. Based on my
  personal judgment, I think tax revenues will grow
  by 8.3 percent. 
I think tax revenues will grow by
  
8.3 percent. 

 baseless (groundless; unfounded; unsubstantiated)
  rumor 
hearsay; rumor. A Foreign Ministry
  spokesman characterized the reports as unfounded
  rumors. 
A Foreign Ministry spokesman characterized
  
the reports as rumors. ■ The group also charged
  that unsubstantiated rumors of homophobia were
  behind the decision. 
The group also charged that
  
rumors of homophobia were behind the decision. 

 basic delete. In this section, we introduce you to
  the basic procedures to control page breaks and
  page numbers. 
In this section, we introduce you to
  
the procedures to control page breaks and page
  
numbers. 

 basically 
chiefly; largely; mainly; most; mostly;
  
delete. Basically, the social service groups
  involved are either indifferent or corrupt. 
The
  
social service groups involved are either
  
indifferent or corrupt. ■ I think you say things
  that basically make a lot of sense. 
I think you
  
say things that make a lot of sense. ■ Basically,
  the system involves the calling of tenders. 
The
  
system mainly involves the calling of tenders. ■
  Basically, this program is a productivity tool.
  
This program is largely a productivity tool.

 basic (and) fundamental 
basic; fundamental. As a
  basic and fundamental question, do you think the
  trade deficit is a domestic problem or caused by
  foreign competition? 
As a basic question, do you
  
think the trade deficit is a domestic problem or
  
caused by foreign competition? ■ Our basic,
  fundamental values are the same. 
Our fundamental
  
values are the same. 

 basic principle 
principle. We feel there are two
  basic principles to successful advertising. 
We
  
feel there are two principles to successful
  
advertising. ■ To calculate formulas, you should
  understand two basic principles: operators and the
  order of operations. 
To calculate formulas, you
  
should understand two principles: operators and the
  
order of operations. 

 basis in fact 
basis; fact; reason; truth. In the
  classic literature, the statement is 50 microns,
  but as I looked back through the literature there
  is very little basis in fact for clinically making
  that statement. 
In the classic literature, the
  
statement is 50 microns, but as I looked back
  
through the literature there is very little basis
  
for clinically making that statement. ■ About the
  only statement in the article that has any basis in
  fact is ``I want to build the biggest film group in
  the world.'' 
About the only statement in the
  
article that has any truth is ``I want to build the
  
biggest film group in the world.'' 

 bathroom facilities 
bathroom; toilet. 

 (please) be advised (informed) that  delete. Please
  be advised that we must be notified at least two
  weeks prior to your closing date in order to issue
  your 6(d) certificate. 
We must be notified at
  
least two weeks prior to your closing date in order
  
to issue your 6(d) certificate. ■ Be informed that
  the Department of Social Services will conduct a
  public hearing regarding the Social Services Block
  Grant administered by the Department. 
The
  
Department of Social Services will conduct a public
  
hearing regarding the Social Services Block Grant
  
administered by the Department.

 bear (have; hold) a grudge (against) 
dislike;
  
resent. 

 (please) bear in mind 
consider; heed; note;
  
realize. 

 bear (a; the) ... resemblance (similarity) to 
be
  
like; look like; resemble. The Massachusetts Eye
  and Ear case bears a striking resemblance to
  several other frauds that have made headlines in
  recent years. 
The Massachusetts Eye and Ear case
  
strikingly resembles several other frauds that have
  
made headlines in recent years. ■ The Lumina's
  body bears a similarity to Chevrolet's Corsica and
  Beretta. 
The Lumina's body resembles Chevrolet's
  
Corsica and Beretta.

 bear witness to 
affirm; attest to; certify to;
  
declare; testify to; verify. A splendid perennial
  garden surrounds the house and bears witness to the
  collaboration in the family. 
A splendid perennial
  
garden surrounds the house and attests to the
  
collaboration in the family. 

 because of 
after; by; for; from; in; out of;
  
through; with. Such a model would be inappropriate
  because of two reasons. 
Such a model would be
  
inappropriate for two reasons. ■ Often, arguments
  arise because of too much intimacy. 
Often,
  
arguments arise from too much intimacy. 

 because of the fact that 
because; considering;
  
for; in that; since. Because of the fact that they
  are still monopoly suppliers of local exchange, I
  also see a discouraging prospect for the operating
  companies in this area. 
Since they are still
  
monopoly suppliers of local exchange, I also see a
  
discouraging prospect for the operating companies
  
in this area. 

 because why 
why. You say you are a submissive
  wife, but you are that way because why? 
You say
  
you are a submissive wife, but why are you that
  
way?

 become known 
emerge; surface; transpire. 

 before (earlier; previously) -ed (-en) 
-ed (-en).
  
As we previously noted, the high-cost load funds
  distributed through a salesperson have dominated
  the industry. 
As we noted, the high-cost load
  
funds distributed through a salesperson have
  
dominated the industry. ■ The Environmental
  Protection Agency sounded the alarm September 12,
  with the announcement that the gas was more
  widespread than earlier believed. 
The
  
Environmental Protection Agency sounded the alarm
  
September 12, with the announcement that the gas
  
was more widespread than believed. ■ The executive
  director of a relief organization told Congress
  that the situation in flood-ravaged Bangladesh is
  unlike anything he has previously seen. 
The
  
executive director of a relief organization told
  
Congress that the situation in flood-ravaged
  
Bangladesh is unlike anything he has seen.

 before ... first 
before. Before you use the
  delete option, first extract the records you are
  considering deleting. 
Before you use the delete
  
option, extract the records you are considering
  
deleting. ■ Before I send the manuscript to you,
  I'd first like to know if there's any interest in
  it. ■ 
Before I send the manuscript to you, I'd
  
like to know if there's any interest in it.

 before (very) long 
shortly; soon. 

 begin (start) at ... and end (finish) at 
(be)
  
between ... and; range from ... to. Price tags for
  the condos will start at $350,000 and end at $1.75
  million. 
Price tags for the condos will range from
  
$350,000 to $1.75 million.

 begin ... first 
begin. You should begin by
  sketching the centerline and guidelines first. 
You
  
should begin by sketching the centerline and
  
guidelines. ■ Assuming we begin with the data
  first, how do we go about building a sound, logical
  model of the business that the system will serve?
  
Assuming we begin with the data, how do we go
  
about building a sound, logical model of the
  
business that the system will serve? 

 behavior pattern 
behavior. 

 (a; the) ... being  delete. They won't just assume
  I'm a nonsexual being. 
They won't just assume I'm
  
nonsexual. ■ What sets teachers apart from other
  mortal beings is that they never have first names.
  
What sets teachers apart from other mortals is
  
that they never have first names.

 being (as; as how; that) 
because; considering;
  
for; in that; since. They usually deliver by
  noontime, and being that you're local, it'll
  probably be before noon. 
They usually deliver by
  
noontime, and since you're local, it'll probably be
  
before noon. 

 ... being what it is (they are)  delete. Human
  nature being what it is, two million square feet in
  Medford will never get the attention of a Rowes
  Wharf. 
Two million square feet in Medford will
  
never get the attention of a Rowes Wharf.

 besides ... also (as well) 
besides; beyond.
  
Besides providing the high-end AI tools, they have
  shells for IBM PCs and compatibles as well.
  
Besides providing the high-end AI tools, they have
  
shells for IBM PCs and compatibles. ■ Besides
  being right about some things and wrong about
  others, we were also lucky about some things and
  unlucky about others. 
Beyond being right about
  
some things and wrong about others, we were lucky
  
about some things and unlucky about others. 

 beside the point 
immaterial; inapt; irrelevant;
  
not pertinent. 

 best (biggest; greatest; largest; most) ... single
  
best (biggest; greatest; largest; most). It was a
  failure of management, and that is probably the
  greatest single danger that we face in this
  industry in the United States at the moment. 
It
  
was a failure of management, and that is probably
  
the greatest danger that we face in this industry
  
in the United States at the moment. ■ The most
  important single aspect of quantitatively
  predicting the movement of groundwater or in
  determining the yield of a well is accurate
  knowledge of the aquifer characteristics. 
The most
  
important aspect of quantitatively predicting the
  
movement of groundwater or in determining the yield
  
of a well is accurate knowledge of the aquifer
  
characteristics. ■ Great Britain, where annual
  production capacity was increased to 700,000 lines
  a year, is the largest single market. 
Great
  
Britain, where annual production capacity was
  
increased to 700,000 lines a year, is the largest
  
market.

 be that as it may 
all (just) the same; anyhow;
  
even so; still; still and all; yet. 

 between you and me (us) 
between us. Enclosed is a
  basic proposal which should lay the groundwork for
  future discussions between you and us. 
Enclosed is
  
a basic proposal which should lay the groundwork
  
for future discussions between us. 

 between the two of them (us) 
between them (us). 

 betwixt and between 
in between; undecided.

 beverage 
drink. 

 beyond (out of) all reason 
unreasonable. 

 beyond a (the) shadow of a doubt 
assuredly;
  
certainly; doubtless; indisputably; irrefutably; no
  
doubt; surely; undoubtedly; unquestionably. 

 beyond number 
countless; endless; infinite;
  
millions (of); myriad; numberless; untold. 

 beyond (outside) the realm of possibility
  
impossible; inconceivable; undoable; unthinkable.
  
So it's not beyond the realm of possibility that
  corporate performance could be improved if
  directors surveyed other areas of corporate
  activity, like manufacturing and marketing. 
So
  
it's not inconceivable that corporate performance
  
could be improved if directors surveyed other areas
  
of corporate activity, like manufacturing and
  
marketing. 

 biased opinion 
bias; prejudice. 

 big, huge (large) 
big; huge; large. I packed a
  big, huge picnic lunch for us. 
I packed a huge
  
picnic lunch for us. 

 biographical 
biographic. 

 biological 
biologic. 

 biometrical 
biometric. 

 biophysiological 
biophysiologic. 

 bit by bit 
gradually; slowly. 

 bits and pieces 
bits; pieces. Bits and pieces of
  segregation have been jettisoned or have rotted
  away. 
Bits of segregation have been jettisoned or
  
have rotted away. ■ The computations were done in
  bits and pieces over a number of years and required
  large amounts of computer time. 
The computations
  
were done in pieces over a number of years and
  
required large amounts of computer time.

 blatantly evident (obvious; plain) 
blatant;
  
evident (obvious; plain). 

 blend of both 
blend. Management is a blend of
  both science and art. 
Management is a blend of
  
science and art.

 blend together 
blend. Blend this WordStar
  expertise together in a book, and you have the
  definitive resource to the most widely used word
  processing software. 
Blend this WordStar expertise
  
in a book, and you have the definitive resource to
  
the most widely used word processing software. 

 block out 
block. Other conversations, the sound
  of machinery, and traffic noises can block out
  messages from being received. 
Other conversations,
  
the sound of machinery, and traffic noises can
  
block messages from being received.

 bode (ill; well) for the future 
bode (ill; well).
  
The fact that electric companies had to institute
  such emergency procedures does not bode well for
  the future. 
The fact that electric companies had
  
to institute such emergency procedures does not
  
bode well. 

 botch up 
botch.  

 both ... agree 
agree. Both of them agree. 
They
  
agree. 

 both ... alike 
alike; both. The adherence of
  career-oriented women to the masculine prototype
  has led both men and women alike to undermine the
  value of female qualities and responsibilities.
  
The adherence of career-oriented women to the
  
masculine prototype has led men and women alike to
  
undermine the value of female qualities and
  
responsibilities. 

 both ... as well as 
as well as; both.  

 both equally 
both; equally. 

 both ... in combination 
both; in combination.
  
Both analytic techniques and judgmental methods
  might be used in combination to verify each other.
  
Analytic techniques and judgmental methods might
  
be used in combination to verify each other. 

 both of (the) 
both. Both of the boys suffer from
  Tourette Syndrome. 
Both boys suffer from Tourette
  
Syndrome. 

 both share 
both; share. We both share a deep
  commitment to the welfare of the American people.
  
We share a deep commitment to the welfare of the
  
American people. ■ But he insists that both
  movements shared the belief that America is a
  fragile paradise susceptible to destruction from
  within. 
But he insists that both movements
  
believed that America is a fragile paradise
  
susceptible to destruction from within.

 both together 
both; together. Both of the
  products together cost $117.95. 
Together, the
  
products cost $117.95. 

 bound and determined 
determined; resolute;
  
resolved. 

 brand new 
new. With a brand new product, there is
  a significant educational need. 
With a new
  
product, there is a significant educational need.
  ■ Even though most of the inquiries relate to
  brand-new customers, its need to improve all
  customer service was paramount. 
Even though most
  
of the inquiries relate to new customers, its need
  
to improve all customer service was paramount. 

 briefly in passing 
briefly; in passing. Let me
  say briefly in passing that I am opposed to women
  not having control of their own bodies. 
Let me say
  
briefly that I am opposed to women not having
  
control of their own bodies. 

 brief (concise; short; succinct) summary 
summary.
  
A concise summary of the scope of the
  international product manager's task has been
  provided by Wind. 
A summary of the scope of the
  
international product manager's task has been
  
provided by Wind. ■ He will be able to exploit a
  valuable asset that 
TV Guide owns─the succinct
  
summaries and cast descriptions of 150,000 programs
  
and 20,000 movies that already have been shown on
  
television. 
He will be able to exploit a valuable
  
asset that TV Guide 
owns─the summaries and cast
  
descriptions of 150,000 programs and 20,000 movies
  
that already have been shown on television. ■ Some
  business plans begin with a short summary, but many
  plans no longer include them. 
Some business plans
  
begin with a summary, but many plans no longer
  
include them. 

 brief (concise; short; succinct) synopsis
  
synopsis. I just wondered if I could give you a
  brief synopsis of the long-distance services that
  MCI offers. 
I just wondered if I could give you a
  
synopsis of the long-distance services that MCI
  
offers. 

 bring about 
begin; cause; effect; occasion;
  
produce. Rather than bring about the death of
  Yellowstone, the fires triggered natural processes
  of change that are a normal part of the ecosystem.
  
Rather than cause the death of Yellowstone, the
  
fires triggered natural processes of change that
  
are a normal part of the ecosystem. 

 bring attention to 
advertise; announce; disclose;
  
divulge; expose; herald; indicate; make known; make
  
public; mention; point out; point to; present;
  
proclaim; promote; publicize; reveal; show; tell;
  
uncover; unveil. They were demonstrating at the
  bank branch in order to bring attention to
  community lending and banking service issues. 
They
  
were demonstrating at the bank branch in order to
  
disclose community lending and banking service
  
issues.

 bring (give) forth 
bear; effect; produce; yield.

 bring into being (existence) 
conceive; create;
  
devise; fashion; forge; form; invent; make; mold;
  
plan; produce; shape. He says that reason itself
  is a ladder that can now be dispensed with─and
  should be dispensed with─to help bring the liberal
  utopia into existence. 
He says that reason itself
  
is a ladder that can now be dispensed with─and
  
should be dispensed with─to help fashion the
  
liberal utopia. 

 bring into question 
challenge; contradict;
  
dispute; doubt; question. The issue goes beyond
  sexual politics and brings into question how the
  orthodox verities of an ancient religion fit into
  the modern world. 
The issue goes beyond sexual
  
politics and challenges how the orthodox verities
  
of an ancient religion fit into the modern world.

 bring into the open 
advertise; announce; disclose;
  
divulge; expose; herald; indicate; make known; make
  
public; mention; point out; point to; present;
  
proclaim; promote; publicize; reveal; show; tell;
  
uncover; unveil. 

 bring into the world 
bear; give birth to; produce.

 bring pressure to bear on (upon) 
coerce; compel;
  
force; press; pressure. No matter who is
  president, the international community must bring
  pressure to bear on the government to end
  apartheid. 
No matter who is president, the
  
international community must pressure the
  
government to end apartheid. 

 bring to account 
admonish; censure; chide; rebuke;
  
reprimand; scold. 

 bring to a close 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; settle; stop. How would you
  bring this meeting to a close? 
How would you close
  
this meeting? ■ The merger of Stellar and Ardent
  brings to a close a four-year-old battle. 
The
  
merger of Stellar and Ardent settles a
  
four-year-old battle. 

 bring to a completion 
cease; close; complete;
  
conclude; end; finish; halt; settle; stop. 

 bring to a conclusion 
cease; close; complete;
  
conclude; end; finish; halt; settle; stop. 

 bring to a halt 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; settle; stop. The timber
  industry said the decision could bring logging to a
  halt throughout much of the Pacific Northwest
  within 30 days and cause the loss of as many as
  160,000 jobs. 
The timber industry said the
  
decision could halt logging throughout much of the
  
Pacific Northwest within 30 days and cause the loss
  
of as many as 160,000 jobs. 

 bring to an end 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; settle; stop. The settlement
  brings to an end all claims of age discrimination
  stemming from the firing of 400 salaried employees
  during the agricultural recession of 1984. 
The
  
settlement ends all claims of age discrimination
  
stemming from the firing of 400 salaried employees
  
during the agricultural recession of 1984. 

 bring to a standstill 
cease; close; complete;
  
conclude; end; finish; halt; settle; stop. It
  should seek to bring to a standstill the
  international flow of arms to the various Khmer
  factions. 
It should seek to halt the international
  
flow of arms to the various Khmer factions. 

 bring to ... attention (of) 
advertise; announce;
  
disclose; divulge; expose; herald; indicate; make
  
known; make public; mention; point out; point to;
  
present; proclaim; promote; publicize; reveal;
  
show; tell; uncover; unveil. He was determined to
  bring to the world's attention the devastation of
  the innocents. 
He was determined to publicize the
  
devastation of the innocents. 

 bring to bear (on; upon) 
apply; employ; exercise;
  
exert; influence; use. Whether such influence can
  be brought to bear now is of vital importance to
  the bottom half in the schools. 
Whether such
  
influence can be applied now is of vital importance
  
to the bottom half in the schools. 

 bring together 
amass; collect; gather. 

 bring to light 
advertise; announce; disclose;
  
divulge; expose; herald; indicate; make known; make
  
public; mention; point out; point to; present;
  
proclaim; promote; publicize; reveal; show; tell;
  
uncover; unveil. A great many uncertainties are
  brought to light when a bank makes a number of
  changes. 
A great many uncertainties are revealed
  
when a bank makes a number of changes. 

 bring (back) to mind 
recall; recollect. 

 bring to pass 
begin; cause; start. 

 build a bridge across (between) 
bridge. 

 (a; the) burgeoning (growing; increasing; rising)
  amount (degree; extent; number; part; percentage;
  portion; proportion; quantity) (of) 
increasingly;
  
more; more and more. In recent years, an
  increasing number of companies have developed
  global marketing strategies. 
In recent years, more
  
and more companies have developed global marketing
  
strategies. ■ A growing number of attorneys are
  bringing this up of their own initiative in the
  course of estate planning reviews. 
Increasingly,
  
attorneys are bringing this up of their own
  
initiative in the course of estate planning
  
reviews. ■ Eastern is now meeting its schedules by
  using an increasing number of planes and mechanics
  from its sister airline, Continental. 
Eastern is
  
now meeting its schedules by using more planes and
  
mechanics from its sister airline, Continental. 

 but all (just) the same 
all (just) the same; but.

 but however 
but; however. 

 but instead 
but; instead. A child's mind is not a
  tabula rasa, but instead is filled with ideas
  generated through continuous interaction with the
  environment. 
A child's mind is not a tabula rasa
  
but is filled with ideas generated through
  
continuous interaction with the environment. 

 but nevertheless 
but; nevertheless. 

 but on the other hand 
but; on the other hand.

 but rather 
but; rather. Behavior is not an
  isolated event, but rather it is influenced by the
  past, present, and future. 
Behavior is not an
  
isolated event; rather it is influenced by the
  
past, present, and future. ■ People think and
  believe not with their minds alone, but rather with
  their whole personalities. 
People think and
  
believe not with their minds alone but with their
  
whole personalities. 

 but whereas 
but; whereas. 

 by (to) all accounts (appearances; indications)
  
apparently; ostensibly; seemingly. By all
  indications, the T-group was a great success.
  
Apparently, the T-group was a great success. 

 by and large 
chiefly; commonly; generally;
  
largely; mainly; most; mostly; normally; typically;
  
usually. But members involved argue the furor is
  by and large a phony one. 
But members involved
  
argue the furor is largely a phony one. ■ It is a
  complication that brings new hazards to many
  applicants but which, by and large, serves the
  overall process well. 
It is a complication that
  
brings new hazards to many applicants but which
  
usually serves the overall process well. ■ By and
  large, ESOPs are started for the purposes Congress
  intended. 
Most ESOPs are started for the purposes
  
Congress intended. 

 by any means 
at all. 

 by (in) comparison 
but; however; whereas; yet;
  
delete. In comparison, about one-third of the
  patients whose vessels remained partly blocked
  showed late potentials on their EKGs. 
About
  
one-third of the patients whose vessels remained
  
partly blocked showed late potentials on their
  
EKGs. 

 by comparison (to; with) 
against; alongside;
  
beside; compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less
  
than; more; more than; next to; over; than; to;
  
versus; vis-a-vis. While mentoring is
  institutionalized in Japan, mentoring in the United
  States, by comparison, is a rare and random
  phenomenon. 
While mentoring is institutionalized
  
in Japan, mentoring in the United States is a more
  
rare and random phenomenon. ■ Even MiniScribe's
  quarterly results, strong by comparison to others,
  did not receive rave reviews. 
Even MiniScribe's
  
quarterly results, stronger than others, did not
  
receive rave reviews. 

 by consequence of 
after; because of; by; due to;
  
following; for; from; in; out of; owing to;
  
through; with. 

 by (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  overwhelming; sizable; vast; wide) margin 
by far;
  
far and away; much. It already was ranked as one
  of the top five malls in the country, with sales
  per square foot of $480, and by a great margin the
  most successful in New England. 
It already was
  
ranked as one of the top five malls in the country,
  
with sales per square foot of $480, and by far the
  
most successful in New England. ■ The leader by a
  considerable margin was the deep-water lake trout.
  
The leader by far was the deep-water lake trout.

 by (in) contrast 
but; however; whereas; yet;
  
delete. In contrast, in the longer term, both
  quadratic models may lead to poor results. 
But in
  
the longer term, both quadratic models may lead to
  
poor results. ■ Post-modernism, by contrast, is
  indifferent to consistency and continuity
  altogether. 
Yet post-modernism is indifferent to
  
consistency and continuity altogether. 

 by contrast to (with) 
against; alongside; beside;
  
compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less than;
  
more; more than; next to; over; than; to; unlike;
  
versus; vis-a-vis. And, by contrast with the
  governor and some younger politicians, Crane has
  always seen politics as an essential part of the
  job. 
And, unlike the governor and some younger
  
politicians, Crane has always seen politics as an
  
essential part of the job. 

 by definition  delete. For all the fanfare,
  post-modernism is, by definition, known by the
  company it follows. 
For all the fanfare,
  
post-modernism is known by the company it follows.
  ■ Collaboration, by definition, is a two-way
  venture. 
Collaboration is a two-way venture.

 (all) by itself (themselves) 
alone. Each
  microcomputer has its own computational ability, so
  it can function either by itself or as a part of
  the network. 
Each microcomputer has its own
  
computational ability, so it can function either
  
alone or as a part of the network. 

 by (a; the) little (narrow; nominal; slender;
  slight; slim; small; tiny) margin 
marginally;
  
narrowly; nominally; slightly. Blue-chip stocks
  closed higher by a small margin in a listless
  session as many participants were absent because of
  the Jewish New Year holiday. 
Blue-chip stocks
  
closed marginally higher in a listless session as
  
many participants were absent because of the Jewish
  
New Year holiday. 

 by (a; the) ... margin (of) 
by; -(al)ly; delete.
  Advancing issues outpaced losers by a margin of
  more than 2 to 1 among issues listed on the New
  York Stock Exchange. 
Advancing issues outpaced
  
losers by more than 2 to 1 among issues listed on
  
the New York Stock Exchange. 

 by (the) means of 
by; from; in; on; over; through;
  
with. It retains control over product decisions
  and generally markets a standardized product and
  attempts to influence local decisions by means of
  persuasion. 
It retains control over product
  
decisions and generally markets a standardized
  
product and attempts to influence local decisions
  
through persuasion. ■ He was convicted of assault
  and battery by means of a dangerous weapon. 
He was
  
convicted of assault and battery with a dangerous
  
weapon. ■ In 1976, he established the first
  ``superstation,'' a television station that
  distributes its signal to a wide area by means of
  satellites. 
In 1976, he established the first
  
``superstation,'' a television station that
  
distributes its signal to a wide area over
  
satellites. 

 by (its; their) nature  delete. Researchers at MGH
  and Harvard University reported they have found
  that children who are extremely shy and inhibited
  at an early age are much more likely to exhibit
  irrational anxieties and fears than children who
  are, by nature, outgoing and spontaneous.
  
Researchers at MGH and Harvard University reported
  
they have found that children who are extremely shy
  
and inhibited at an early age are much more likely
  
to exhibit irrational anxieties and fears than
  
children who are outgoing and spontaneous. ■
  Attempts at comprehensive historical accounts of
  this sort are by their nature incomplete and much
  better on some things than others. 
Attempts at
  
comprehensive historical accounts of this sort are
  
incomplete and much better on some things than
  
others. ■ The truth is that genuine debt crises
  are, by their nature, almost impossible to predict.
  
The truth is that genuine debt crises are almost
  
impossible to predict. ■ Some words are vague and
  unclear by nature: function, in terms of,
  eventuate, expeditious. 
Some words are vague and
  
unclear: function, in terms of, eventuate,
  
expeditious.

 by no means 
far from; hardly; scarcely. Though
  this advice is extremely helpful to many families,
  it is by no means the only thing they need to know.
  
Though this advice is extremely helpful to many
  
families, it is far from the only thing they need
  
to know. 

 by occupation  delete. He's a day laborer by
  occupation. He's a day laborer.

 by one means or another 
 anyhow; anyway; by some
  
means; however; in any way; in some way; in
  
whatever way; somehow; somehow or another;
  
someway(s). 

 by reason of 
after; because of; by; due to;
  
following; for; from; in; out of; owing to;
  
through; with. Nomura, by reason of its size,
  capital, research abilities, and leading position
  in the largest creditor nation, should certainly be
  in the top group. 
Nomura, because of its size,
  
capital, research abilities, and leading position
  
in the largest creditor nation, should certainly be
  
in the top group. ■ If the taxpayer pays the third
  and fourth installments in full as herein
  specified, the taxpayer will not be liable for any
  penalty for the underpayment of estimated tax by
  reason of the enactment of Chapter 202. 
If the
  
taxpayer pays the third and fourth installments in
  
full as herein specified, the taxpayer will not be
  
liable for any penalty for the underpayment of
  
estimated tax owing to the enactment of Chapter
  
202.

 by reason of the fact that 
because; considering;
  
for; in that; since. Property the decedent had
  interest in includes dividends payable to the
  decedent by reason of the fact that, on or before
  the date of death, the decedent was a shareholder
  of record. 
Property the decedent had interest in
  
includes dividends payable to the decedent because,
  
on or before the date of death, the decedent was a
  
shareholder of record. 

 (all) by -self (-selves) 
alone. She lives all by
  herself. 
She lives alone. 

 by ... standards 
-(al)ly; delete. By historical
  standards, these relative prices for thrifts are
  extremely low. 
Historically, these relative prices
  
for thrifts are extremely low. ■ By legal
  standards, we are an independent nation. 
Legally,
  
we are an independent nation.

 by the fact that 
because; considering; for; in
  
that; since. The chore is simplified by the fact
  that the parameter tables for READ_BLOCK and
  WRITE_BLOCK are identical. ■ 
The chore is
  
simplified because the parameter tables for
  
READ_BLOCK and WRITE_BLOCK are identical. ■ By the
  fact that they are using state capital, there can be
  no free competition. 
Considering they are using
  
state capital, there can be no free competition.

 by the same token 
also; and; as well; besides;
  
beyond that (this); even; further; furthermore;
  
likewise; moreover; more than that (this);
  
similarly; still more; then; too; what is more;
  
delete. By the same token, northeastern and
  southeastern banks, which have been the fastest
  growing, could witness slower loan growth.
  
Similarly, northeastern and southeastern banks,
  
which have been the fastest growing, could witness
  
slower loan growth. ■ That face-to-face presence
  may upset the truthful rape victim or abused child;
  by the same token, it may confound and undo the
  false accuser or reveal the child coached by a
  malevolent adult. 
That face-to-face presence may
  
upset the truthful rape victim or abused child;
  
moreover, it may confound and undo the false
  
accuser or reveal the child coached by a malevolent
  
adult. 

 by (in) virtue of 
after; because of; by; due to;
  
following; for; from; in; out of; owing to;
  
through; with. The U.S. hockey team is up by one
  by virtue of their win over Austria. 
The U.S.
  
hockey team is up by one following their win over
  
Austria. ■ By virtue of its relatively selective
  action on beta2-adrenoceptors, albuterol relaxes
  smooth muscle of the bronchi, uterus, and vascular
  supply to skeletal muscles. 
Owing to its
  
relatively selective action on beta2-adrenoceptors,
  
albuterol relaxes smooth muscle of the bronchi,
  
uterus, and vascular supply to skeletal muscles. ■
  Conifers survive the winter not only through this
  adaptation but also by virtue of the design of
  their leaves, which keeps them from drying out.
  
Conifers survive the winter not only through this
  
adaptation but also through the design of their
  
leaves, which keeps them from drying out. 

 by (in) virtue of the fact that 
because;
  
considering; for; in that; since. People who can
  be helpful to you are attracted to you by virtue of
  the fact that you're a person who is doing
  interesting things and initiating activity
  yourself. 
People who can be helpful to you are
  
attracted to you because you're a person who is
  
doing interesting things and initiating activity
  
yourself. 

 by (the) way of 
by; from; in; on; over; through;
  
with; delete. A worm is a self-contained computer
  program that enters by way of a communications
  channel and then generates its own commands. 
A
  
worm is a self-contained computer program that
  
enters through a communications channel and then
  
generates its own commands. 

 by way of (-ing) 
for (-ing); so as to; to. By way
  of summarizing, I have tried to depict prospective
  new roles for the Bell Operating Companies. 
To
  
summarize, I have tried to depict prospective new
  
roles for the Bell Operating Companies. ■ All of
  this is by way of making a point. 
All of this is
  
to make a point.

 by way of being  delete. Today's column is by way
  of being a commentary on a column that appeared in
  this space a week ago. 
Today's column is a
  
commentary on a column that appeared in this space
  
a week ago.

 by way of comparison (contrast) 
but; however;
  
whereas; yet. The volume directory for a
  ProDOS-formatted disk can hold up to 51 files; by
  way of contrast, a DOS 3.3 directory can hold 105.
  
The volume directory for a ProDOS-formatted disk
  
can hold up to 51 files, whereas a DOS 3.3
  
directory can hold 105.

 by way of example (illustration) 
for example; to
  
illustrate. By way of illustration, he examines a
  number of inventions that were allegedly produced
  
ex nihilo but which in fact had antecedents. 
To
  
illustrate, he examines a number of inventions that
  
were allegedly produced ex nihilo but which in fact
  
had antecedents.

 by whatever (whichever) manner (means) 
despite
  
how; however. By whatever means they have been
  brought to our attention, they have been corrected.
  
However they have been brought to our attention,
  
they have been corrected.

 by what (which) means (mechanism) 
how. Still a
  mystery is by what mechanism insulin resistance
  might cause heart disease. 
Still a mystery is how
  
insulin resistance might cause heart disease.

 C

 call a halt to 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; settle; stop. We asked them to
  call a halt to the violence and harassment. 
We
  
asked them to stop the violence and harassment.

 call an end to 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; settle; stop. 

 call a stop to 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; settle; stop. 

 call attention to 
advertise; announce; disclose;
  
divulge; expose; herald; indicate; make known; make
  
public; mention; point out; point to; present;
  
proclaim; promote; publicize; reveal; show; tell;
  
uncover; unveil. She said the sole purpose of the
  program was to call attention to what happened in
  Mexico. 
She said the sole purpose of the program
  
was to disclose what happened in Mexico. ■ For one
  thing, the letter-writers call attention to errors
  or misinterpretations and are largely critical.
  
For one thing, the letter-writers point out errors
  
or misinterpretations and are largely critical. ■
  My review did not in any way denigrate Dr. Karl or
  his achievements; rather, it called attention to
  what in my judgment was an inadequate job of
  historical editing. 
My review did not in any way
  
denigrate Dr. Karl or his achievements; rather, it
  
revealed what in my judgment was an inadequate job
  
of historical editing. 

 called  delete. A set is a collection of objects,
  and the objects in the set are called the elements.
  
A set is a collection of objects, and the objects
  
in the set are the elements. ■ The person who
  wants to send the message or signal to another is
  called the sender, and the person for whom the
  message is intended is called the receiver. 
The
  
person who wants to send the message or signal to
  
another is the sender, and the person for whom the
  
message is intended is the receiver.

 call into being (existence) 
conceive; create;
  
devise; fashion; forge; form; invent; make; mold;
  
plan; produce; shape. 

 call into question 
challenge; contradict; dispute;
  
doubt; question. It calls into question the
  no-threshold theory─because if there is no
  threshold, average county measurements should
  correlate directly with observed lung-cancer
  incidence. 
It challenges the no-threshold
  
theory─because if there is no threshold, average
  
county measurements should correlate directly with
  
observed lung-cancer incidence. ■ As basic
  assumptions about the therapy are called into
  question, some investigators wonder aloud about the
  wisdom of pursuing more widespread human trials.
  
As basic assumptions about the therapy are
  
questioned, some investigators wonder aloud about
  
the wisdom of pursuing more widespread human
  
trials. ■ Whether the magazine has accurately
  interpreted what those interests are is a point
  some former staffers call into question. 
Whether
  
the magazine has accurately interpreted what those
  
interests are is a point some former staffers
  
dispute. 

 call to ... attention (of) 
advertise; announce;
  
disclose; divulge; expose; herald; indicate; make
  
known; make public; mention; point out; point to;
  
present; proclaim; promote; publicize; reveal;
  
show; tell; uncover; unveil. The results were
  called to the attention of the town's building
  inspector, who forced the ferry service to shut
  down. 
The results were shown to the town's
  
building inspector, who forced the ferry service to
  
shut down. ■ I would like to call to your
  attention that coverage will not be bound until we
  approve the application. 
I would like to mention
  
that coverage will not be bound until we approve
  
the application. 

 call to mind 
recall; recollect. 

 call up 
call. 

 calm, cool, and collected 
calm; collected; cool.
  
She is calm, cool, and collected now, but you
  should have seen her Friday night. 
She is calm
  
now, but you should have seen her Friday night. 

 candor and frankness 
candor; frankness. 

 capability 
ability. No two managers are equal in
  their abilities, and their subordinates will have
  differing capabilities and levels of experience.
  
No two managers are equal in their abilities, and
  
their subordinates will have differing abilities
  
and levels of experience. 

 capacity 
job; position.

 cast about for 
look for; search for; seek.
  
Toymakers have been casting about for something
  exciting enough to pull parents and children back
  into the toy stores. 
Toymakers have been searching
  
for something exciting enough to pull parents and
  
children back into the toy stores. 

 cast doubt on (upon) 
challenge; contradict;
  
dispute; doubt; question. 

 catch by surprise 
startle; surprise. He says the
  association was caught by surprise by the House's
  action. 
He says the association was surprised by
  
the House's action. 

 cause ... to be (become) 
make; render. Reading
  his performance appraisal caused him to become
  angry. 
Reading his performance appraisal made him
  
angry. 

 cause to happen (occur; take place) 
bring about;
  
cause; effect; produce. Although policy cannot in
  and of itself cause improvement to happen in the
  classroom, it can impede or facilitate improvement.
  
Although policy cannot in and of itself cause
  
improvement in the classroom, it can impede or
  
facilitate improvement. 

 cease and desist 
cease; desist. 

 center around 
center on. All these fears center
  around the loss of control, which may result in
  being embarrassed or ridiculed by others. 
All
  
these fears center on the loss of control, which
  
may result in being embarrassed or ridiculed by
  
others. ■ The investigation appears to center
  around a handful of top defense officials and
  consultants. 
The investigation appears to center
  
on a handful of top defense officials and
  
consultants. 

 center of attention (attraction) 
cynosure; focus.

 (of) central (critical; vital) importance 
central;
  
critical; important; vital. One point that was
  expressed often and eloquently was the necessity
  for government at every level to address the
  serious challenges we face on issues of vital
  importance to all of us. 
One point that was
  
expressed often and eloquently was the necessity
  
for government at every level to address the
  
serious challenges we face on issues vital to all
  
of us. ■ Although these contextual factors are
  often ignored by domestic firms, they are of
  central importance to international firms.
  
Although these contextual factors are often
  
ignored by domestic firms, they are central to
  
international firms. ■ This information will be
  critically important to researchers and to the
  quality of health care for all Americans well into
  the next century. 
This information will be
  
critical to researchers and to the quality of
  
health care for all Americans well into the next
  
century. 

 (a; the) central ... in (of; to) 
central to. His
  experience, including heading various task forces,
  is a central part of the resume on which he is
  running for office. 
His experience, including
  
heading various task forces, is central to the
  
resume on which he is running for office. ■ As
  such, religion (or its traces) is a central element
  of a culture. 
As such, religion (or its traces) is
  
central to a culture. 

 characterize as 
call; name; term. 

 charge with the responsibility for (of) 
charge
  
with; responsible for. The organization might have
  a management information system that is charged
  with the responsibility for gathering and
  processing data. 
The organization might have a
  
management information system that is responsible
  
for gathering and processing data. ■ While the
  town manager is basically charged with the
  responsibility of budget preparation, selectmen, as
  his overseers, should be taking sufficient time to
  review his proposals. 
While the town manager is
  
basically charged with budget preparation,
  
selectmen, as his overseers, should be taking
  
sufficient time to review his proposals. 

 check to see 
check; examine; see; verify. You
  should also check to see if the original warranty
  is still in effect. 
You should also check if the
  
original warranty is still in effect. ■ The best
  instructional strategies involve repetition,
  reinforcement, and coaching─that is, checking to
  see if the child has actually learned anything.
  
The best instructional strategies involve
  
repetition, reinforcement, and coaching─that is,
  
verifying if the child has actually learned
  
anything. 

 christen as 
christen. 

 climb up 
climb. Young Americans have become
  increasingly disillusioned with their ability to
  successfully climb up the corporate ladder. 
Young
  
Americans have become increasingly disillusioned
  
with their ability to successfully climb the
  
corporate ladder. 

 close (near; rough) approximation (estimate;
  estimation) 
approximation (estimate; estimation).
  
A close approximation of the optimal value can be
  estimated on a computer spreadsheet. 
An
  
approximation of the optimal value can be estimated
  
on a computer spreadsheet. ■ Powers of two roughly
  approximate powers of ten. 
Powers of two
  
approximate powers of ten. 

 close (near) at hand 
close by; close to; near;
  
nearby. 

 close down 
close. Both health plans will close
  down as of December 31 because of projected
  financial losses. 
Both health plans will close as
  
of December 31 because of projected financial
  
losses. 

 close scrutiny 
scrutiny. The interest deduction
  is likely to receive close scrutiny when the
  chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee
  looks into the matter. 
The interest deduction is
  
likely to receive scrutiny when the chairman of the
  
House Ways and Means Committee looks into the
  
matter. 

 cluster together 
cluster. The report points out
  that 189.4 million Americans─77 percent of the
  population─are clustered together in metropolitan
  areas. 
The report points out that 189.4 million
  
Americans─77 percent of the population─are
  
clustered in metropolitan areas.

 cognizant 
aware. 

 cohabit together 
cohabit. 

 collaborate together 
collaborate. 

 collect together 
collect. If you want to collect
  together your word processing, desktop publishing,
  document conversion, and text search programs under
  one main menu entry, you may do so. 
If you want to
  
collect your word processing, desktop publishing,
  
document conversion, and text search programs under
  
one main menu entry, you may do so. 

 (a; the) combination (of) 
both; delete. Which
  sources to use for forecasting (internal, external,
  or a combination) depends on the particular
  organization, its resources, degree of
  sophistication in forecasting, and the type of
  forecast needed. 
Which sources to use for
  
forecasting (internal, external, or both) depends
  
on the particular organization, its resources,
  
degree of sophistication in forecasting, and the
  
type of forecast needed. ■ You experience a
  combination of relief at having gotten the hard
  part behind you and satisfaction at making the
  program do your bidding. 
You experience both
  
relief at having gotten the hard part behind you
  
and satisfaction at making the program do your
  
bidding. ■ Architects use a combination of feet
  and inches, but the inch units are omitted (e.g.,
  7'2). 
Architects use feet and inches, but the inch
  
units are omitted (e.g., 7'2).

 (a; the) combination of ... along with (combined
  with; coupled with; joined with; paired with;
  together with) 
along with (combined with; coupled
  
with; joined with; paired with; together with).
  
The combination of the Relaxation Response coupled
  with the person's particular belief will work. 
The
  
Relaxation Response coupled with the person's
  
particular belief will work. 

 (a; the) combination of both 
both (of them);
  
combination. A combination of both whites and
  blacks are members of these groups. 
Both whites
  
and blacks are members of these groups. ■ Most
  economic output embodies some combination of both
  goods and services. 
Most economic output embodies
  
some combination of goods and services. 

 (a; the) combination of the two 
both (of them);
  
combination. You may use either technique or a
  combination of the two. 
You may use either or both
  
techniques. ■ These programming languages include
  true fourth-generation languages, process-oriented
  languages, or a combination of the two. 
These
  
programming languages include true
  
fourth-generation languages, process-oriented
  
languages, or a combination. ■ The meeting's
  objective could be to convey product knowledge,
  selling skills, or a combination of the two. 
The
  
meeting's objective could be to convey product
  
knowledge, selling skills, or both. 

 combine both 
combine. The latest development is
  to combine both record and programming so you can
  record and then edit macros. 
The latest
  
development is to combine record and programming so
  
you can record and then edit macros. 

 combine into one 
combine. The single justice
  noted that combining the two motions into one was a
  minor procedural discrepancy. 
The single justice
  
noted that combining the two motions was a minor
  
procedural discrepancy. 

 combine together 
combine. 

 come about 
befall; happen; occur; result; take
  
place. 

 come as a disappointment (to) 
disappoint. I know
  this may come as a disappointment to some of you,
  but my husband is not going to be running for
  office. 
I know this may disappoint some of you,
  
but my husband is not going to be running for
  
office. 

 come as a relief (to) 
relieve. The pronunciation
  system of the former OED, a frequent source of
  criticism, has been replaced by the International
  Phonetic Alphabet, which should come as a relief to
  many. 
The pronunciation system of the former OED,
  
a frequent source of criticism, has been replaced
  
by the International Phonetic Alphabet, which
  
should relieve many. 

 come as a surprise (to) 
startle; surprise. It
  wouldn't come as a surprise to any woman schooled
  in the ways of womanizers to learn that he is
  alleged to share his bed not only with many women
  but with a variety of defense contractors as well.
  
It wouldn't surprise any woman schooled in the
  
ways of womanizers to learn that he is alleged to
  
share his bed not only with many women but with a
  
variety of defense contractors as well. 

 come close (near) to 
approach; resemble. The
  results of a true national probability sample would
  most likely come close to these findings. 
The
  
results of a true national probability sample would
  
most likely approach these findings. 

 come equipped (furnished) with 
come with; equipped
  
(furnished) with. All computers come equipped with
  a keyboard. 
All computers come with a keyboard. ■
  Equipment manufacturers like to sell
  general-purpose machines, the ones that come
  equipped with a dazzling array of cranks, switches,
  knobs, buttons, cams, and dials. 
Equipment
  
manufacturers like to sell general-purpose
  
machines, the ones equipped with a dazzling array
  
of cranks, switches, knobs, buttons, cams, and
  
dials. 

 come in contact (with) 
come across; contact;
  
discover; encounter; find; locate; meet (with);
  
spot; touch. The attached memorandum from the
  California Highway Patrol implies that members of
  the Sandinista National Liberation Front will
  utilize deadly force against law enforcement
  officers who come in contact with them. 
The
  
attached memorandum from the California Highway
  
Patrol implies that members of the Sandinista
  
National Liberation Front will utilize deadly force
  
against law enforcement officers who encounter
  
them. ■ She tried to pass on her love of learning
  to the many thousands of young persons she came in
  contact with over the years. 
She tried to pass on
  
her love of learning to the many thousands of young
  
persons she met over the years. ■ If the part is
  designed to come in contact with another surface,
  the rough surface must be machined. 
If the part is
  
designed to touch another surface, the rough
  
surface must be machined. 

 come into being 
appear; arise; evolve; exist.

 come into existence 
appear; arise; evolve; exist.
  
In the chain network, the possibility of screening
  by levels comes into existence. 
In the chain
  
network, the possibility of screening by levels
  
arises. ■ Scientific discoveries are the basis for
  development of practical applications that may not
  come into existence until years after discovery.
  
Scientific discoveries are the basis for
  
development of practical applications that may not
  
exist until years after discovery. 

 come into play 
appear; arise; come about; develop;
  
emerge; happen; occur; result; surface; take place;
  
turn up; unfold. When they act out their
  depression, thoughts of suicide can come into play.
  
When they act out their depression, thoughts of
  
suicide can surface. ■ Dirty tricks─or at least
  dubious methods─can also come into play in the
  final days of a campaign, and they have this year.
  
Dirty tricks─or at least dubious methods─can also
  
emerge in the final days of a campaign, and they
  
have this year. 

 come into (to) (a; the) ... (of)  delete.
  Eventually they came to the recognition that the
  supercomputer business is a high-stakes poker game.
  
Eventually they recognized that the supercomputer
  
business is a high-stakes poker game. ■ It neither
  glosses over the true historical picture nor
  attempts to come to the defense of any individuals.
  
It neither glosses over the true historical
  
picture nor attempts to defend any individuals. ■
  I can only hope that other industries will come to
  the realization that by protecting the environment,
  they are also protecting their profits. 
I can only
  
hope that other industries will realize that by
  
protecting the environment, they are also
  
protecting their profits. ■ Because it's now
  cheaper to violate the law than to come into
  compliance with it, many owners of these
  underground tanks have simply ignored the state
  regulations. 
Because it's now cheaper to violate
  
the law than to comply with it, many owners of
  
these underground tanks have simply ignored the
  
state regulations.

 come to (an; the) accord 
agree; compromise;
  
concur; decide; resolve; settle. 

 come to a close 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; stop. 

 come to a (the) conclusion 
cease; close; complete;
  
conclude; end; finish; halt; stop. In August, the
  first wave of exploration of the solar system came
  to a conclusion with Voyager 2's swoop past the
  present outermost planet, Neptune. 
In August, the
  
first wave of exploration of the solar system
  
concluded with Voyager 2's swoop past the present
  
outermost planet, Neptune.

 come to (an; the) agreement 
agree; compromise;
  
concur; decide; resolve; settle. The parents and
  the school board have not yet come to an agreement
  on whether the child should be in regular classes.
  
The parents and the school board have not yet
  
agreed on whether the child should be in regular
  
classes. 

 come to a halt 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; stop. Suddenly, all activity
  came to a halt. 
Suddenly, all activity stopped. 

 come to an end 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; stop. He sees himself as the
  last survivor of the so-called Bengal Renaissance,
  the vital and creative cultural movement that was
  initiated by Ram Mohan Roy (c. 1774-1833) and that
  came to an end with the death of Rabindranath
  Tagore in 1941. 
He sees himself as the last
  
survivor of the so-called Bengal Renaissance, the
  
vital and creative cultural movement that was
  
initiated by Ram Mohan Roy (c. 1774-1833) and that
  
ceased with the death of Rabindranath Tagore in
  
1941. ■ We would like to extend our sincere
  gratitude to all of you in the community for
  everything you've done for us in the passing of our
  beloved husband and father, whose life came to an
  end suddenly on October 14. 
We would like to
  
extend our sincere gratitude to all of you in the
  
community for everything you've done for us in the
  
passing of our beloved husband and father, whose
  
life ended suddenly on October 14. 

 come to a standstill 
cease; close; complete;
  
conclude; end; finish; halt; stop. A spokesman for
  the Export-Import Bank of Japan said talks with
  China have come to a standstill. 
A spokesman for
  
the Export-Import Bank of Japan said talks with
  
China have ceased. 

 come to (a; the) compromise 
agree; compromise;
  
concur; decide; resolve; settle. 

 come to (a; the) conclusion 
conclude; decide;
  
deduce; determine; infer; judge; reason; resolve;
  
settle. We came to the conclusion that she should
  start with antibiotics. 
We decided that she should
  
start with antibiotics. ■ We feel something has
  happened to her, and we think the police are coming
  to the same conclusion. 
We feel something has
  
happened to her, and we think the police are
  
concluding the same. ■ He also made the supreme
  sacrifice and started eating English-style food,
  having come to the conclusion that ``good English
  cannot be written on [an Indian] diet.'' 
He also
  
made the supreme sacrifice and started eating
  
English-style food, having reasoned that ``good
  
English cannot be written on [an Indian] diet.'' ■
  The only conclusion I can come to is that they're
  trying to frighten us into abandoning our bid. 
I
  
can only infer that they're trying to frighten us
  
into abandoning our bid. 

 come to (a; the) decision (on; upon) 
conclude;
  
decide; deduce; determine; infer; judge; reason;
  
resolve; settle. It was during the counseling
  session that we came to the decision to let Allison
  move in with us. 
It was during the counseling
  
session that we decided to let Allison move in with
  
us. 

 come to (a; the) determination (on; upon)
  
conclude; decide; deduce; determine; infer; judge;
  
reason; resolve; settle. 

 come to discover (find; find out) 
discover; find;
  
learn. 

 come to (an; the) estimate (estimation) (of)
  
approximate; assess; estimate; evaluate; rate. 

 come to find out 
discern; discover; find out. 

 come together 
assemble; congregate; converge;
  
gather. In the days before mass immunizations when
  compulsory education began, disease could spread
  quickly as large numbers of children came together
  in unsanitary, poorly heated, poorly ventilated
  buildings. 
In the days before mass immunizations
  
when compulsory education began, disease could
  
spread quickly as large numbers of children
  
gathered in unsanitary, poorly heated, poorly
  
ventilated buildings. 

 come to grips with 
accept; comprehend; cope with;
  
deal with; face; struggle with; understand. The
  systems software maker is now coming to grips with
  a period of rapid growth. 
The systems software
  
maker is now struggling with a period of rapid
  
growth. ■ The legislature has failed to come to
  grips with the budget or pare state spending
  sufficiently. 
The legislature has failed to deal
  
with the budget or pare state spending
  
sufficiently. 

 come to light 
emerge; surface; transpire. In the
  past year, a few new clues have come to light. 
In
  
the past year, a few new clues have transpired. 

 come to (a; the) opinion 
conclude; decide; deduce;
  
determine; infer; judge; reason; resolve; settle.
  
I came to the opinion that it was an electrical
  fire, not arson. 
I deduced that it was an
  
electrical fire, not arson. 

 come to pass 
befall; happen; occur; result; take
  
place. If this should come to pass, it would
  benefit everybody. 
If this should happen, it would
  
benefit everybody. ■ Beyond that, no one can
  predict what will come to pass. 
Beyond that, no
  
one can predict what will occur. 

 come to (a; the) resolution (about; on) 
agree;
  
conclude; decide; determine; resolve; settle. I
  don't understand why they did what they did, and I
  hope we can come to a resolution about it. 
I don't
  
understand why they did what they did, and I hope
  
we can resolve it. 

 come to (a; the) settlement 
agree; conclude;
  
decide; resolve; settle. 

 come to terms (on; upon) 
agree; arbitrate;
  
compromise; concur; decide; settle. What they
  can't come to terms on is whether selling the
  profitable Eastern Shuttle will cure the airline or
  kill it. 
What they can't agree on is whether
  
selling the profitable Eastern Shuttle will cure
  
the airline or kill it.

 come to terms with 
accept; comprehend; cope with;
  
deal with; face; struggle with; understand. An
  executive who has difficulty in coming to terms
  with a competitive environment will be relatively
  ineffective. 
An executive who has difficulty in
  
coping with a competitive environment will be
  
relatively ineffective. ■ Fitzwater said the
  president has come to terms with the constant
  attention. 
Fitzwater said the president has
  
accepted the constant attention. 

 come to (an; the) understanding 
agree; compromise;
  
concur; decide; resolve; settle. 

 come up with 
craft; create; design; devise; draft;
  
fashion; find; form; make; map (out); mold; plan;
  
plot; prepare; produce; propose; shape; sketch;
  
suggest. The NRC has given the nuclear plant a
  month to come up with a workable plan. 
The NRC has
  
given the nuclear plant a month to devise a
  
workable plan. ■ The New York Stock Exchange and
  the Chicago Mercantile Exchange have come up with
  plans for ``circuit breakers'' designed to prevent
  breakdowns in runaway markets. 
The New York Stock
  
Exchange and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange have
  
created plans for ``circuit breakers'' designed to
  
prevent breakdowns in runaway markets. ■
  Identifying resource conflicts and coming up with
  possible solutions isn't always enough.
  
Identifying resource conflicts and forming
  
possible solutions isn't always enough. 

 comfortably ensconced 
ensconced. He is
  comfortably ensconced as head of the national guard
  of Panama. 
He is ensconced as head of the national
  
guard of Panama. 

 comfort facilities 
bathroom; toilet. It seems to
  me that the required visitor-information services,
  tour departments, and comfort facilities could be
  provided in a leased ground-floor space in an
  existing nearby building. 
It seems to me that the
  
required visitor-information services, tour
  
departments, and bathrooms could be provided in a
  
leased ground-floor space in an existing nearby
  
building. 

 comical 
comic. 

 commence 
begin; start. If the candidate accepts
  the employment offer, the next phase commences. 
If
  
the candidate accepts the employment offer, the
  
next phase begins. 

 commencement 
start. Investment of the net
  proceeds will take place during a period which will
  not exceed six months from the commencement of
  operations. 
Investment of the net proceeds will
  
take place during a period which will not exceed
  
six months from the start of operations. 

 commit (a; the) ... (of)  delete. You could not
  give it to your spouse without committing a
  violation of federal law. 
You could not give it to
  
your spouse without violating federal law.

 common (and) everyday 
common; everyday. 

 communicate (with) 
call; call or write; phone;
  
speak (with); talk (to); write (to). Please
  communicate with us at your first opportunity.
  
Please call us at your first opportunity. ■ To
  reserve a space, please communicate with Mr. Rigby,
  1384 Arthur Road, Plano, TX 75075─[phone].
  
To reserve a space, please call or write Mr.
  
Rigby, 1384 Arthur Road, Plano, TX 75075─(214)
  
432-3775. 

 communicate in writing 
write. 

 communication 
dialogue; letter; message; note;
  
report; speech; talk; text; words. Nurses
  frequently make the assumption that their
  communication has been listened to and understood
  by patients. 
Nurses frequently make the assumption
  
that their words have been listened to and
  
understood by patients. 

 comparatively 
-(i)er; less; more. Computing what
  happens to stars and gas in a galactic cube, 100
  cells on a side, turns out to be comparatively
  straightforward. 
Computing what happens to stars
  
and gas in a galactic cube, 100 cells on a side,
  
turns out to be more straightforward. 

 comparatively -(i)er than (less than; more than)
  
-(i)er than (less than; more than). U.S. experts
  say the Soviet budget deficit that Moscow has
  finally acknowledged is comparatively larger than
  that of America. 
U.S. experts say the Soviet
  
budget deficit that Moscow has finally acknowledged
  
is larger than that of America. 

 compare against (versus) 
compare to (with).
  
Compare the printout carefully against Figure 50.
  
Compare the printout carefully with Figure 50. ■
  Comparing the cost of owning versus renting will
  provide those who would have chosen home ownership
  with a firmer knowledge of their housing costs.
  
Comparing the cost of owning to renting will
  
provide those who would have chosen home ownership
  
with a firmer knowledge of their housing costs. 

 compare and contrast 
compare; contrast. Perhaps
  it should have appeared in the Living section,
  where lifestyles of women from other Arab
  populations could be compared and contrasted to
  those living in the occupied territories under
  Israeli control. 
Perhaps it should have appeared
  
in the Living section, where lifestyles of women
  
from other Arab populations could be contrasted to
  
those living in the occupied territories under
  
Israeli control. ■ After finishing this topic, you
  will be able to compare and contrast different word
  processing programs. 
After finishing this topic,
  
you will be able to compare different word
  
processing programs. 

 compared to (with) 
against; alongside; beside;
  
-(i)er than; less; less than; more; more than; next
  
to; over; than; to; versus. Smoking prevalence has
  declined across all educational groups, but the
  decline has occurred five times faster among the
  higher-educated compared with the less educated.
  
Smoking prevalence has declined across all
  
educational groups, but the decline has occurred
  
five times faster among the higher-educated than
  
the less educated. ■ Volume on the Big Board
  averaged 153.57 million shares a day compared to
  153.39 million in the first week of 1989. 
Volume
  
on the Big Board averaged 153.57 million shares a
  
day against 153.39 million in the first week of
  
1989. ■ Compared with children who died from
  trauma and with infants who died suddenly of known
  causes, the SIDS victims had much higher
  hypoxanthine levels. 
The SIDS victims had much
  
higher hypoxanthine levels than children who died
  
from trauma and infants who died suddenly of known
  
causes. ■ But the combination aspirin/heparin
  treatment showed no particular benefit compared
  with aspirin alone or heparin alone. 
But the
  
combination aspirin/heparin treatment showed no
  
particular benefit over aspirin alone or heparin
  
alone. ■ Heavy buying of dollars by traders, or
  governments, on exchange markets drives up its
  price, making it strong compared to other
  currencies. 
Heavy buying of dollars by traders, or
  
governments, on exchange markets drives up its
  
price, making it stronger than other currencies. ■
  He cited studies that show consumers get almost 20
  percent of their initial claim in arbitration
  compared with less than 3 percent in the courts.
  
He cited studies that show consumers get almost 20
  
percent of their initial claim in arbitration
  
versus less than 3 percent in the courts. 

 compared (contrasted) to (with) ... relatively
  
compared (contrasted) to (with). A number of
  researchers have suggested that the rings of
  Uranus─compared with the solar system, which has
  been around for some 4.6 billion years─look
  relatively young, perhaps less than a billion years
  old. 
A number of researchers have suggested that
  
the rings of Uranus─compared with the solar system,
  
which has been around for some 4.6 billion
  
years─look young, perhaps less than a billion years
  
old. ■ Compared to the advantages, there are
  relatively few disadvantages for a sole
  proprietorship. 
Compared to the advantages, there
  
are few disadvantages for a sole proprietorship. 

 compartmentalized 
compartmented. 

 compensate 
pay. 

 compensation 
cash; fee; money; pay; payment;
  
reward; wage. 

 competency 
competence. I feel this would be a
  good way of assessing his competency. 
I feel this
  
would be a good way of assessing his competence. ■
  The message of competency is one the American
  people are eager to hear. 
The message of
  
competence is one the American people are eager to
  
hear. 

 complete and utter 
complete; utter. It is going
  to be a complete and utter mess for people to
  figure out. 
It is going to be an utter mess for
  
people to figure out. 

 completely  delete. The car was completely
  destroyed in the fire. 
The car was destroyed in
  
the fire. ■ An independent auditor will begin
  reviewing 10,000 claims ranging from minor dents to
  completely totaled cars. 
An independent auditor
  
will begin reviewing 10,000 claims ranging from
  
minor dents to totaled cars.

 completely (entirely; exclusively; fully; solely;
  thoroughly; totally; utterly; wholly) dedicated to
  
dedicated to. SDS recently moved into a new
  facility exclusively dedicated to EWSD development
  for the U.S. market. 
SDS recently moved into a new
  
facility dedicated to EWSD development for the U.S.
  
market.

 completely (entirely; exclusively; fully; solely;
  thoroughly; totally; utterly; wholly) devoted to
  
devoted to. The store was devoted entirely to
  consumeroriented systems of racks, shelves, bins
  and hooks, largely of European manufacture, all
  designed to make a small space more serviceable.
  
The store was devoted to consumer-oriented systems
  
of racks, shelves, bins and hooks, largely of
  
European manufacture, all designed to make a small
  
space more serviceable. 

 completely (entirely; fully; thoroughly; totally;
  utterly; wholly) eliminate  
eliminate. Computer
  specialists at MIT said it would take several more
  days to entirely eliminate the virus. 
Computer
  
specialists at MIT said it would take several more
  
days to eliminate the virus. ■ But because of
  intense pressure from its 11 million farmers, the
  EEC has been unwilling to agree to their total
  elimination. 
But because of intense pressure from
  
its 11 million farmers, the EEC has been unwilling
  
to agree to their elimination.

 completely (entirely; fully; thoroughly; totally;
  utterly; wholly) eradicate 
eradicate. Dr. Carlos
  said he expects the trend to continue, although
  completely eradicating the decay is probably not
  possible. 
Dr. Carlos said he expects the trend to
  
continue, although eradicating the decay is
  
probably not possible. 

 completely (entirely; fully; thoroughly; totally;
  utterly; wholly) unanimous  
unanimous.

 complete monopoly 
monopoly. 

 component 
part. Two-tier coverage was cited as an
  important component of successful marketing.
  
Two-tier coverage was cited as an important part
  
of successful marketing. ■ Flexible integration of
  commercial and investment banking services is a
  major component of Westpac Banking Corporation's
  strategy for future expansion. 
Flexible
  
integration of commercial and investment banking
  
services is a major part of Westpac Banking
  
Corporation's strategy for future expansion.

 component (and) part 
component; part. If the firm
  intends to deliver finished products, component
  parts, or other inputs to the market under review,
  it needs to review its sourcing and delivery
  alternatives. 
If the firm intends to deliver
  
finished products, components, or other inputs to
  
the market under review, it needs to review its
  
sourcing and delivery alternatives. ■ The plants
  manufacture electrical appliances or component
  parts for the appliances. 
The plants manufacture
  
electrical appliances or parts for the appliances.
  ■ Other Johnstone services include a 500-page
  catalog of components and parts, which it issues
  three times a year along with a direct-mail
  promotion. 
Other Johnstone services include a
  
500-page catalog of parts, which it issues three
  
times a year along with a direct-mail promotion. 

 conceive (of) an (the) idea (for) 
conceive (of).
  
While a student at Cambridge University, he
  conceived an idea for a calculator that would
  calculate and print logarithmic tables. 
While a
  
student at Cambridge University, he conceived of a
  
calculator that would calculate and print
  
logarithmic tables. 

 concentrate ... attention on (upon) 
concentrate
  
on; focus on. Eastern has decided to concentrate
  most of its attention on keeping its shuttle going.
  
Eastern has decided to concentrate on keeping its
  
shuttle going. ■ Had he recognized this fact, he
  could have concentrated his attention on the
  glorious history of the frustrated Red Sox. 
Had he
  
recognized this fact, he could have focused on the
  
glorious history of the frustrated Red Sox. 

 concentrate (media; people's; public) attention on
  (upon) 
advertise; announce; disclose; divulge;
  
expose; herald; indicate; make known; make public;
  
mention; point out; point to; present; proclaim;
  
promote; publicize; reveal; show; tell; uncover;
  
unveil. She never became president of the American
  Economics Association─perhaps because of her
  relentless work concentrating attention on the low
  status of women in the profession. 
She never
  
became president of the American Economics
  
Association─perhaps because of her relentless work
  
exposing the low status of women in the
  
profession.

 concentrate ... effort on (upon) 
concentrate on;
  
focus on. If we concentrate our effort on the
  areas of most need, we might be able to make a
  difference. 
If we concentrate on the areas of most
  
need, we might be able to make a difference. 

 concentrate ... energy on (upon) 
concentrate on;
  
focus on. Students need to concentrate their
  energies on their studies, extracurricular
  activities, and work. 
Students need to focus on
  
their studies, extracurricular activities, and
  
work.

 concentrate ... time and energy on (upon)
  
concentrate on; focus on. We still have 10
  million gallons of oil in the water, and we ought
  to be concentrating our time and energy on
  minimizing the damage that that does. 
We still
  
have 10 million gallons of oil in the water, and we
  
ought to be concentrating on minimizing the damage
  
that that does. 

 concerning 
about; as for; as to; for; in; of; on;
  
over; to; toward; with; delete. The Federal
  Reserve Board makes available various indexes,
  including one concerning industrial production.
  
The Federal Reserve Board makes available various
  
indexes, including one about industrial
  
production. ■ We surveyed the evidence concerning
  how firms finance their assets. 
We surveyed the
  
evidence on how firms finance their assets. ■
  Concerning price, key factors include the point at
  which the exporting firm ceases to be responsible
  for the products, the currency of settlement, and
  the terms of payment. 
As for price, key factors
  
include the point at which the exporting firm
  
ceases to be responsible for the products, the
  
currency of settlement, and the terms of payment.

 conclusive end 
conclusion; end. 

 concurrently 
as one; at once; jointly; together.

 concurrent (concurrently) with 
while; with.
  
Concurrent with rejecting the tender offer,
  Prime's directors approved a series of defensive
  measures. 
While rejecting the tender offer,
  
Prime's directors approved a series of defensive
  
measures. 

 (a; the) ... condition  delete. I'm telling the
  truth now partly because of my health condition.
  
I'm telling the truth now partly because of my
  
health. ■ Congruency is a necessary condition for
  clients to develop trust in nurses. 
Congruency is
  
necessary for clients to develop trust in nurses.

 conduct (a; the) ... (into; of; on; to; with) 
  delete. We conducted interviews with EFT industry
  experts early in the study. 
We interviewed EFT
  
industry experts early in the study. ■ The company
  conducts surveys of employers' hiring plans
  quarterly. 
The company surveys employers' hiring
  
plans quarterly. ■ Another method of collecting
  information is to conduct research on hunters'
  opinions about the merits of introducing a hunting
  seat on the market. 
Another method of collecting
  
information is to research hunters' opinions about
  
the merits of introducing a hunting seat on the
  
market. ■ They should conduct an investigation
  into how these scholarships were awarded with no
  set criteria for selection, and explain why
  linguistic minorities are seemingly
  underrepresented. 
They should investigate how
  
these scholarships were awarded with no set
  
criteria for selection, and explain why linguistic
  
minorities are seemingly underrepresented.

 congregate together 
congregate. We feel that the
  five baby dinosaurs were congregating together
  behind a sand dune in a sandstorm. 
We feel that
  
the five baby dinosaurs were congregating behind a
  
sand dune in a sandstorm. 

 connected with 
for; in; linked to; of; -'s; with.
  
Before getting involved with a coverup, consider
  the costs connected with such a move. 
Before
  
getting involved with a coverup, consider the costs
  
of such a move. ■ Obviously, the most profitable
  method of investing would be to buy low and sell
  high; however, there are several problems connected
  with this method. 
Obviously, the most profitable
  
method of investing would be to buy low and sell
  
high; however, there are several problems with this
  
method. 

 connect together 
connect; link. A network is two
  or more computers connected together with cables so
  that they can exchange files and share resources.
  
A network is two or more computers connected with
  
cables so that they can exchange files and share
  
resources. ■ They want everything from telephone
  equipment to computers to local networks that
  connect all the pieces together. 
They want
  
everything from telephone equipment to computers to
  
local networks that link all the pieces. 

 consecutive 
straight. 

 consensus (of) opinion 
consensus. There is a
  consensus of opinion in this country against
  executing our young criminals. 
There is a
  
consensus in this country against executing our
  
young criminals. 

 consequence 
import; moment. 

 consequence 
effect; outcome; result. 

 consequence (effect; outcome) resulting from
  
consequence (effect; outcome) of; result of. The
  potential long-term outcomes resulting from their
  reactions are destroyed creativity and stifled
  initiative. 
The potential long-term outcomes of
  
their reactions are destroyed creativity and
  
stifled initiative. 

 consequently 
hence; so; then; therefore; thus.
  
They were victims of misfortune or of
  circumstances beyond their control, and
  consequently, they live in shelters or on the
  streets. 
They were victims of misfortune or of
  
circumstances beyond their control, and thus, they
  
live in shelters or on the streets. ■ The beliefs
  and practices that flow from Catholicism and
  Protestantism also appear to have differing
  influences on economic activity and, consequently,
  economic development. 
The beliefs and practices
  
that flow from Catholicism and Protestantism also
  
appear to have differing influences on economic
  
activity and, hence, economic development. 

 considerable 
ample; big; grand; great; heavy;
  
huge; immense; large; many; most; much; vast. This
  is a source of considerable uneasiness for them.
  
This is a source of much uneasiness for them. ■
  The cause of the fire is not known, but it did
  cause considerable damage. 
The cause of the fire
  
is not known, but it did cause great damage. 

 (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  sizable; vast) amount (of) 
a good (great) deal
  
(of); a good (great) many (of); almost all (of);
  
considerable; many (of); most (of); much (of);
  
nearly all (of); vast; delete.  It's operationally
  complex and requires a large amount of resources.
  
It's operationally complex and requires vast
  
resources. ■ A vast amount of time and effort is
  wasted in solving the wrong problems. 
Much time
  
and effort is wasted in solving the wrong
  
problems. ■ A considerable amount of political
  power is being transferred to the local level.
  
Considerable political power is being transferred
  
to the local level. 

 (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  sizable; vast) degree (of) 
a good (great) deal
  
(of); considerable; great; much (of); vast;
  delete.  We would expect to see a large degree of
  individuality in these sets of twins. 
We would
  
expect to see much individuality in these sets of
  
twins. ■ They now realize they showed a
  considerable degree of insensitivity toward small
  businesses. 
They now realize they showed great
  
insensitivity toward small businesses. 

 (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  sizable; vast) element (of) 
a good (great) deal
  
(of); considerable; great; much (of); vast;
  delete.  True to the spirit of covert operations,
  there was a large element of deception and
  dissembling in this struggle. 
True to the spirit
  
of covert operations, there was much deception and
  
dissembling in this struggle. 

 (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  overwhelming; vast; sizable; wide) majority (of)
  
a good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many
  
(of); almost all (of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many
  
(of); most (of); much (of); nearly all (of); (43)
  
of (48) (of); ... percent (of); three-fourths
  
(two-thirds) (of); delete.  The truth must remain
  that the overwhelming majority of the decisions on
  what to produce, and how and where to produce it,
  have been made by private persons and businesses.
  
The truth must remain that 70 percent of the
  
decisions on what to produce, and how and where to
  
produce it, have been made by private persons and
  
businesses. ■ A large majority of them also favors
  shortening the length of the primary campaign.
  
Two-thirds of them also favor shortening the
  
length of the primary campaign. ■ Not all patients
  with brain tumors die although the vast majority of
  them do. 
Not all patients with brain tumors die
  
although most of them do. ■ The overwhelming
  majority of Americans agree that alcoholism is a
  disease. 
Eight in ten Americans agree that
  
alcoholism is a disease. ■ A very large
  majority─95 to 97 percent─of those who try to quit
  smoking on their own, without any help, fail the
  first time. 
Of those who try to quit smoking on
  
their own, without any help, 95 to 97 percent fail
  
the first time. ■ The two own the vast majority of
  the stock. 
The two own almost all the stock. 

 (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  overwhelming; sizable; vast) number (of) 
a good
  
(great) many (of); almost all (of); countless;
  
dozens (of); hundreds (of); many (of); millions
  
(of); most (of); nearly all (of); numerous; scores
  
(of); six hundred (twelve hundred); thousands (of).
  
The language provides a large number of primitive
  data types. 
The language provides dozens of
  
primitive data types. ■ This faction is epitomized
  by kids who came of age in the 1960s, but includes
  vast numbers of citizens who came both before and
  after. 
This faction is epitomized by kids who came
  
of age in the 1960s, but includes thousands of
  
citizens who came both before and after. ■ Not
  every car torched is insurance fraud, but a large
  number are. 
Not every car torched is insurance
  
fraud, but many are. ■ Various government agencies
  offer advisory services along with a huge number of
  useful publications. 
Various government agencies
  
offer advisory services along with countless useful
  
publications. ■ That would show a blatant
  disregard for the opinions of a vast number of
  people. 
That would show a blatant disregard for
  
the opinions of millions of people. ■ Reports from
  northern Burundi indicated that hundreds died,
  including large numbers of women and children.
  
Reports from northern Burundi indicated that
  
hundreds died, including scores of women and
  
children. 

 (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  sizable; vast) part (of) 
a good (great) deal
  
(of); a good (great) many (of); almost all (of);
  
(nine) in (ten) (of); many (of); most (of); much
  
(of); nearly all (of); (43) of (48) (of); ...
  
percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds) (of);
  delete.  What may surprise you, however, is that a
  large part of this analysis is within your reach at
  little or no cost. 
What may surprise you, however,
  
is that much of this analysis is within your reach
  
at little or no cost. 

 (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  overwhelming; sizable; vast) percentage (of) 
a
  
good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many (of);
  
almost all (of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many (of);
  
most (of); much (of); nearly all (of); (43) of (48)
  
(of); ... percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds)
  
(of); delete.  Airway obstruction is the primary
  cause of death in a large percentage of head trauma
  victims. 
Airway obstruction is the primary cause
  
of death in most head trauma victims. ■ A sizable
  percentage of men cheat on their wives. 
A good
  
many men cheat on their wives. ■ The large
  percentage of people will experiment with alcohol
  and drugs when they're young. 
Three in five people
  
will experiment with alcohol and drugs when they're
  
young. ■ We know that a large percentage of IRA
  contributors had been saving very little before
  IRAs were created. 
We know that one-third of IRA
  
contributors had been saving very little before
  
IRAs were created. 

 (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  sizable; vast) portion (of) 
a good (great) deal
  
(of); a good (great) many (of); almost all (of);
  
(nine) in (ten) (of); many (of); most (of); much
  
(of); nearly all (of); (43) of (48) (of); ...
  
percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds) (of);
  delete.  It will be unseasonably cool over a
  considerable portion of the United States today.
  
It will be unseasonably cool over much of the
  
United States today. ■ A large portion of the
  blame must be placed squarely at the door of
  corporate management. 
Most of the blame must be
  
placed squarely at the door of corporate
  
management. ■ While a vast portion of the pie in
  1985 might have gone to specialty hardware vendors
  and generic AI tool vendors, today the picture
  looks different. 
While two-thirds of the pie in
  
1985 might have gone to specialty hardware vendors
  
and generic AI tool vendors, today the picture
  
looks different. 

 (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  sizable; vast) proportion (of) 
a good (great)
  
deal (of); a good (great) many (of); almost all
  
(of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many (of); most (of);
  
much (of); nearly all (of); (43) of (48) (of); ...
  
percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds) (of);
  delete.  These precautions also are common in other
  nations in which a large proportion of people are
  altering their behavior because of AIDS. 
These
  
precautions also are common in other nations in
  
which many people are altering their behavior
  
because of AIDS. ■ I don't believe that the vast
  proportion of creative people are or were
  psychotic. 
I don't believe that most creative
  
people are or were psychotic. ■ They may squander
  huge proportions of their purchasing power by
  paying high instead of low prices on each purchase.
  
They may squander much of their purchasing power
  
by paying high instead of low prices on each
  
purchase. 

 (a; the) considerable (good; great; huge; large;
  sizable; vast) quantity (of) 
a good (great) deal
  
(of); a good (great) many (of); almost all (of);
  
dozens (of); hundreds (of); many (of); millions
  
(of); most (of); nearly all (of); scores (of); six
  
hundred (twelve hundred) (of); thousands (of).
  
There are vast quantities of transactions that are
  still processed slowly and manually. 
There are
  
many transactions that are still processed slowly
  
and manually. ■ Students often fail to remember or
  understand large quantities of their elementary
  calculus. 
Students often fail to remember or
  
understand most of their elementary calculus. 

 considerably 
a good (great) deal; amply; far;
  
greatly; largely; mostly; much; vastly. This is
  considerably different from the past, when
  information was printed and approved before being
  passed up the hierarchy. 
This is far different
  
from the past, when information was printed and
  
approved before being passed up the hierarchy. ■
  Most contracts are bid, signed, delivered, and paid
  for in 14-16-week cycles, but some can be drawn out
  considerably longer than that. 
Most contracts are
  
bid, signed, delivered, and paid for in 14-16-week
  
cycles, but some can be drawn out much longer than
  
that. 

 consider as 
consider. It could be considered as
  false advertising. 
It could be considered false
  
advertising. ■ Buddhism's world-denying
  orientation is considered by many as an obstacle to
  economic development. 
Buddhism's world-denying
  
orientation is considered by many an obstacle to
  
economic development. 

 consider as being 
consider. In many ways,
  software engineering may be considered as being
  similar to various other sciences and branches of
  engineering. 
In many ways, software engineering
  
may be considered similar to various other sciences
  
and branches of engineering. ■ Problems in Class
  P, therefore, may be considered as being solvable.
  
Problems in Class P, therefore, may be considered
  
solvable. 

 considering the fact that 
because; considering;
  
for; in that; since; when. Considering the fact
  that the average person uses 77 gallons of water a
  day, we can estimate that each person uses close to
  26 gallons of water every day simply by flushing
  the toilet. 
Since the average person uses 77
  
gallons of water a day, we can estimate that each
  
person uses close to 26 gallons of water every day
  
simply by flushing the toilet. 

 consider to be 
consider. We considered him to be
  a milksop. 
We considered him a milksop. ■ Most
  consultants consider effective presentation to be
  essential. 
Most consultants consider effective
  
presentation essential. 

 consolidate together 
consolidate. 

 constitute 
be; compose; form; make up. Corporate
  debt issues constitute the largest segment,
  totaling more than $341 billion in 1986. 
Corporate
  
debt issues make up the largest segment, totaling
  
more than $341 billion in 1986. ■ And the fact
  that he remains in power, so high in the line of
  succession to the presidency, constitutes a
  national embarrassment. 
And the fact that he
  
remains in power, so high in the line of succession
  
to the presidency, is a national embarrassment. ■
  While the beneficiaries of the system constitute a
  minority of the public, they are well organized and
  politically powerful. 
While the beneficiaries of
  
the system form a minority of the public, they are
  
well organized and politically powerful. 

 contact 
call; phone; reach; write (to). She
  contacted the state agency that helps welfare
  recipients. 
She called the state agency that helps
  
welfare recipients. ■ Please do not hesitate to
  contact me if you have further questions. 
Please
  
do not hesitate to phone me if you have further
  
questions. 

 contagious disease 
contagion. 

 contain (a; the) ... of delete. Figure 12.1
  contains a graphical representation of these
  factors. 
Figure 12.1 graphically represents these
  
factors. ■ Chapter 15 contains a formal discussion
  of the theoretical underpinnings of these formulas.
  ■ 
Chapter 15 formally discusses the theoretical
  
underpinnings of these formulas. ■ Table 4-3
  contains a list of all 26 ProDOS commands and
  command numbers. 
Table 4-3 lists all 26 ProDOS
  
commands and command numbers. 

 continue in existence (to exist) 
continue; endure;
  
exist; last; persevere; persist; prevail; remain;
  
survive. I believe that nuclear reactions are
  taking place, and that possibility continues to
  exist until proven otherwise. 
I believe that
  
nuclear reactions are taking place, and that
  
possibility exists until proven otherwise. ■ The
  possibility of becoming an independent company
  continues to exist. 
The possibility of becoming an
  
independent company persists. 

 continue into the future 
continue. The rate of
  growth in the market is expected to continue into
  the future. 
The rate of growth in the market is
  
expected to continue. 

 continue on 
continue. If he doesn't raise enough
  money, he won't be able to continue on. 
If he
  
doesn't raise enough money, he won't be able to
  
continue. ■ The three dots in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...
  mean the list continues on and on. 
The three dots
  
in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... mean the list continues. 

 continue to be 
be still; remain; stay. This was
  the case before the New York state law and
  continues to be the case after the New York state
  law. 
This was the case before the New York state
  
law and remains the case after the New York state
  
law. ■ Working out continues to be a popular
  pastime. 
Working out is still a popular pastime.

 continue to remain 
be still; remain; stay. Sex
  stereotypes continue to remain a problem in the
  military. 
Sex stereotypes remain a problem in the
  
military. ■ As a result, both anorexia nervosa and
  obesity are characteristic of modern life, and will
  continue to remain so. 
As a result, both anorexia
  
nervosa and obesity are characteristic of modern
  
life, and will remain so. 

 contractual agreement 
agreement; contract.
  
Contractual agreements with independent
  distributors in Indonesia are required by law to be
  for a minimum of three years. 
Contracts with
  
independent distributors in Indonesia are required
  
by law to be for a minimum of three years. ■ Under
  a variety of contractual agreements, the
  institution will permit a mutual fund provider to
  sell funds directly to its customers. 
Under a
  
variety of agreements, the institution will permit
  
a mutual fund provider to sell funds directly to
  
its customers. 

 contrariwise 
but; conversely; however; instead;
  
not so; rather; still; whereas; yet. 

 contrary to 
after all; apart; aside; despite; even
  
with; for all; with all. Contrary to some of the
  things you've heard, I am the same man I was when I
  came to Washington. 
Despite some of the things
  
you've heard, I am the same man I was when I came
  
to Washington. ■ Contrary to his allegations, AARP
  does not ``profit'' when insurance claims are less
  than projected. 
For all his allegations, AARP does
  
not ``profit'' when insurance claims are less than
  
projected. 

 contrasted to (with) 
against; alongside; beside;
  
compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less than;
  
more; more than; next to; over; than; to; unlike;
  
versus; vis-a-vis.

 contribute to 
add to. 

 converge together 
converge. 

 (in) conversation 
talk. 

 converse 
speak; talk. She has multiple
  personalities, and I was able to converse with all
  of them. 
She has multiple personalities, and I was
  
able to talk with all of them. 

 convicted felon 
felon. There are concerns over
  the fact that the bank loaned money to convicted
  felons. 
There are concerns over the fact that the
  
bank loaned money to felons. 

 cooperate together 
cooperate. 

 core essence 
core; crux; essence; gist; pith;
  
substance. Issues are supposed to be the core
  essence of a political convention. 
Issues are
  
supposed to be the core of a political convention.

 correctional (prison) facility 
jail; prison.
  
Opponents complained that a prison facility for
  500 inmates and several hundred staff members would
  overwhelm the town of barely 800 people. 
Opponents
  
complained that a prison for 500 inmates and
  
several hundred staff members would overwhelm the
  
town of barely 800 people. ■ The reduction was
  necessary because state law limits the number of
  male and female prisoners who can be accommodated
  in correctional facilities. 
The reduction was
  
necessary because state law limits the number of
  
male and female prisoners who can be accommodated
  
in jails. 

 correspondence 
letter; memo; note; report. 

 (a; the) countless number (of) 
countless; endless;
  
infinite; millions (of); myriad; numberless;
  
untold. The congestion has resulted in
  interminable delays and countless numbers of
  accidents for motorists. 
The congestion has
  
resulted in interminable delays and countless
  
accidents for motorists. ■ These so-called
  pro-lifers try to force their views on countless
  numbers of women. 
These so-called pro-lifers try
  
to force their views on untold women. 

 couple together 
couple. 

 course of action 
action; course; direction;
  
intention; method; move; plan; policy; procedure;
  
route; scheme; strategy. The coalition has urged a
  boycott of tuna, but strengthening existing
  laws─and enforcing them─would be a better course of
  action. 
The coalition has urged a boycott of tuna,
  
but strengthening existing laws─and enforcing
  
them─would be a better course. ■ Not surprisingly,
  the defendant denied that he had agreed to this
  course of action or that he knew of the statement
  prior to the time he received a transcript. 
Not
  
surprisingly, the defendant denied that he had
  
agreed to this scheme or that he knew of the
  
statement prior to the time he received a
  
transcript. ■ He declined to say definitely
  whether that was the course of action he would take
  but pointed out that a bankruptcy filing is an
  option. 
He declined to say definitely whether that
  
was the direction he would take but pointed out
  
that a bankruptcy filing is an option. ■
  Management perceived the surface manifestations of
  the problem correctly but failed to thoroughly
  explore the cause before deciding on a course of
  action. 
Management perceived the surface
  
manifestations of the problem correctly but failed
  
to thoroughly explore the cause before deciding on
  
a plan. 

 cover over 
cover. 

 criminal act 
crime. Certainly if a public
  official commits a criminal act, he or she must
  face full consequences. 
Certainly if a public
  
official commits a crime, he or she must face full
  
consequences. 

 criminal offense 
crime; offense. Mr. Hurd said he
  had misgivings about making drinking on the streets
  a criminal offense. 
Mr. Hurd said he had
  
misgivings about making drinking on the streets an
  
offense. 

 criminal record 
record. 

 criminal wrongdoing 
crime; wrongdoing. McNamara
  may not be guilty of any criminal wrongdoing, but
  he is a terrible U.S. attorney. 
McNamara may not
  
be guilty of any crime, but he is a terrible U.S.
  
attorney. 

 (a; the) critical ... in (of; to) 
critical to. A
  critical ingredient in a manager's philosophy of
  change is how much emphasis is placed on trust in
  the work environment. 
Critical to a manager's
  
philosophy of change is how much emphasis is placed
  
on trust in the work environment. ■ A critical
  element in the development of these competitive
  advantages is the creation of a global marketing
  management process capable of coordinating,
  integrating, and controlling all marketing efforts.
  
Critical to the development of these competitive
  
advantages is the creation of a global marketing
  
management process capable of coordinating,
  
integrating, and controlling all marketing
  
efforts. ■ Active cooperation among all industry
  groups is a critical factor to the success of EFT.
  
Active cooperation among all industry groups is
  
critical to the success of EFT. 

 (a; the) crucial ... in (of; to) 
crucial to. He
  believes hostility is a crucial component of the
  Type A personality and a potent predictor of heart
  trouble. 
He believes hostility is crucial to the
  
Type A personality and a potent predictor of heart
  
trouble. ■ Social Security is a crucial aspect of
  retirement income for the vast majority of
  Americans, and financing the system is a crucial
  aspect of how the country saves and invests.
  
Social Security is crucial to retirement income
  
for the vast majority of Americans, and financing
  
the system is crucial to how the country saves and
  
invests. 

 currently 
(just; right) now; today; (just) yet;
  delete.  He is currently unemployed. 
He is
  
unemployed. ■ It's the only spreadsheet currently
  on the market that has the look and feel of
  WordPerfect. 
It's the only spreadsheet now on the
  
market that has the look and feel of WordPerfect.
  ■ Currently, the industry seems to be concentrating
  on developing more AI applications rather than on
  developing better AI tools. 
Today, the industry
  
seems to be concentrating on developing more AI
  
applications rather than on developing better AI
  
tools. 

 current (present) status 
status. Nothing material
  to date can be reported on the current status of
  these negotiations. 
Nothing material to date can
  
be reported on the status of these negotiations. ■
  The Software Carousel includes a special menu used
  to control the operation of the system and to
  provide helpful information about the system's
  present status. 
The Software Carousel includes a
  
special menu used to control the operation of the
  
system and to provide helpful information about the
  
system's status. 

 custom-built 
custom; tailored. At least one
  vendor uses a custom-built database system in
  addition to a commercial one to speed up
  operations. 
At least one vendor uses a custom
  
database system in addition to a commercial one to
  
speed up operations. 

 custom-made 
custom; tailored. Our courses are
  custom-made to meet the training needs of each
  client. 
Our courses are tailored to meet the
  
training needs of each client. ■ The Hitachi
  system incorporates a proprietary operating system
  and relational database running on custom-made
  Intel workstations. 
The Hitachi system
  
incorporates a proprietary operating system and
  
relational database running on custom Intel
  
workstations. 

 custom-tailored 
custom; customized; tailored. We
  provide on-site courses that are custom-tailored to
  reflect our clients' specific needs and objectives.
  
We provide on-site courses that are tailored to
  
reflect our clients' specific needs and
  
objectives. ■ Customers today demand
  custom-tailored solutions to communications
  problems. 
Customers today demand customized
  
solutions to communications problems. 

 cut by (in) half 
halve. A cooperative agreement
  was announced that could cut by half the amount of
  ozone-destroying chemicals released in the service
  and repair of auto air conditioners. 
A cooperative
  
agreement was announced that could halve the amount
  
of ozone-destroying chemicals released in the
  
service and repair of auto air conditioners. 

 cyclical 
cyclic. The lengths of time within
  cyclical periods tend to vary. 
The lengths of time
  
within cyclic periods tend to vary.

 D

 date back to 
date from; date to. Rogation Days
  date back at least to the 13th century and probably
  to the days before the Norman Conquest. 
Rogation
  
Days date to at least the 13th century and probably
  
to the days before the Norman Conquest. ■ The firm
  is still paying claims that date back to the 1930s,
  '40s, and '50s. 
The firm is still paying claims
  
that date from the 1930s, '40s, and '50s. 

 day in (and) day out 
always; ceaselessly;
  
consistently; constantly; daily; endlessly;
  
eternally; everlastingly; every day; forever;
  
invariably; never ending; perpetually; routinely;
  
unfailingly. I was doing portraits day in and day
  out. 
I was doing portraits every day. 

 day-to-day routine 
routine. I am greatly tired of
  the day-to-day routine. 
I am greatly tired of the
  
routine. 

 dead body 
body. They found a dead body in the
  river. 
They found a body in the river. 

 (a) decade's (year's) history of 
(a) decade (year)
  
of. In spite of over a year's history of unusual
  trading in ``Inside Wall Street'' highlighted
  stocks, BW amazingly did not alert the New York
  Stock Exchange or the Securities & Exchange
  Commission. 
In spite of over a year of unusual
  
trading in ``Inside Wall Street'' highlighted
  
stocks, BW amazingly did not alert the New York
  
Stock Exchange or the Securities & Exchange
  
Commission. 

 decapitate ... head 
behead; decapitate. She hired
  a hit man to decapitate her husband's head. 
She
  
hired a hit man to decapitate her husband. 

 (a; the) declining (decreasing; diminishing;
  dwindling) amount (degree; extent; part;
  percentage; portion; proportion) (of)
  
decreasingly; less; less and less. 

 (a; the) declining (decreasing; diminishing;
  dwindling) number (quantity) (of) 
decreasingly;
  
few; fewer and fewer. 

 decrease down 
decrease. 

 decreasing in 
decreasingly. 

 deductive reasoning 
deduction. 

 deem as 
deem. 

 (most) definitely 
certainly; surely; delete.
  Blocking out information will definitely limit
  communication. 
Blocking out information will limit
  
communication. 

 (most; very) definitely 
yes. 

 (a; the) ... degree of delete. He provides a
  healthy and thoughtful degree of skepticism about
  prospects for positive change at the national
  level. 
He provides a healthy and thoughtful
  
skepticism about prospects for positive change at
  
the national level. ■ Competitor reaction cannot
  be predicted with any degree of accuracy.
  
Competitor reaction cannot be predicted with any
  
accuracy. ■ The development of the market that has
  taken place, characterized by an increasing degree
  of standardization, has made it possible to connect
  terminals and computers of different makes to
  telecommunications systems. 
The development of the
  
market that has taken place, characterized by
  
increasing standardization, has made it possible to
  
connect terminals and computers of different makes
  
to telecommunications systems. 

 demise 
death; end. While smoking may cause my
  demise, an individual's alcohol abuse can kill
  innocent people on our nation's roads. 
While
  
smoking may cause my death, an individual's alcohol
  
abuse can kill innocent people on our nation's
  
roads. ■ That access is hastening the demise of
  many U.S. industries. 
That access is hastening the
  
end of many U.S. industries. 

 demonstrate 
show. 

 depart 
leave. The president departs for Moscow
  this morning. 
The president leaves for Moscow this
  
morning. 

 dependency 
dependence. It may also be difficult
  for these people to make the decision to marry
  because of the dependency and commitment required
  in an intimate relationship. 
It may also be
  
difficult for these people to make the decision to
  
marry because of the dependence and commitment
  
required in an intimate relationship. 

 depreciate in value 
depreciate. He was carrying
  several hundred condos that depreciated between 10
  and 30 percent in value. 
He was carrying several
  
hundred condos that depreciated between 10 and 30
  
percent. 

 derive benefit (from) 
benefit. This suggests that
  many people would derive benefit from
  ``stand-up-and-stretch'' work breaks. 
This
  
suggests that many people would benefit from
  
``stand-up-and-stretch'' work breaks. ■ Those 65
  and older derived every bit as much benefit as
  quitters between 35 and 55─a reduction of 40 to 50
  percent in their heart-attack/early-death risk.
  
Those 65 and older benefited every bit as much as
  
quitters between 35 and 55─a reduction of 40 to 50
  
percent in their heart-attack/early-death risk. 

 derive enjoyment from 
admire; delight in; enjoy;
  
rejoice in; relish; savor. 

 derive pleasure from 
admire; appreciate; delight
  
in; enjoy; rejoice in; relish; savor. We derived
  great pleasure from their performance. 
We
  
delighted in their performance. 

 derive satisfaction from 
admire; appreciate;
  
delight in; enjoy; rejoice in; relish; savor. If
  you derive genuine satisfaction from being in a
  leadership role, you will obviously bring that
  attitude to your role as a meeting leader. 
If you
  
genuinely enjoy being in a leadership role, you
  
will obviously bring that attitude to your role as
  
a meeting leader. 

 descend down 
descend. 

 describe (explain) in ... detail 
detail. The
  proposal should describe in detail the procedure to
  be used to obtain data. 
The proposal should detail
  
the procedure to be used to obtain data. ■ The
  enclosed resume describes my background and
  experience in detail. 
The enclosed resume details
  
my background and experience. 

 desideratum 
need. 

 designate as 
designate. 

 despite the fact that 
although; but; even though;
  
still; though; yet. Despite the fact that all the
  charts are on paper rather than on-line, the bank
  reports that departments competed to improve their
  performance. 
Although all the charts are on paper
  
rather than on-line, the bank reports that
  
departments competed to improve their performance.
  ■ Despite the fact that the logarithms are
  approximate values, it is customary to use the
  equals sign rather than the approximately equals
  sign when writing logarithms. 
Though the
  
logarithms are approximate values, it is customary
  
to use the equals sign rather than the
  
approximately equals sign when writing logarithms.
  ■ Despite the fact that the crew was preparing the
  spinnaker for hoisting, they managed to replace the
  jib and keep the lead. 
The crew was preparing the
  
spinnaker for hoisting, but they managed to replace
  
the jib and keep the lead. ■ Despite the fact that
  many of his sources were admittedly very close to
  the Shah, few of the main players here emerge
  unscathed. 
Even though many of his sources were
  
admittedly very close to the Shah, few of the main
  
players here emerge unscathed. 

 detailed (in-depth) analysis 
analysis; detail.
  
Apparently there are some who would discourage any
  detailed analysis of these weaknesses. 
Apparently
  
there are some who would discourage any analysis of
  
these weaknesses. ■ His original clinical research
  tracks people through 40 years of life, and
  provides a valuable in-depth analysis of adult
  development. 
His original clinical research tracks
  
people through 40 years of life, and provides a
  
valuable analysis of adult development. 

 determine the truth (truthfulness; validity;
  veracity) of 
verify. 

 devoid of 
dis-; il-; im-; in-; ir-; lack;
  
-less(ness); mis-; no; non-; not; un-; want; with
  
no; without. Your editorial makes the term
  censorship somewhat devoid of meaning. 
Your
  
editorial makes the term censorship somewhat
  
meaningless. ■ TV today is devoid of strong role
  models. 
TV today lacks strong role models. 

 diametrical 
diametral. The diametrical pitch is
  the number of teeth about the circumference divided
  by the diameter. 
The diametral pitch is the number
  
of teeth about the circumference divided by the
  
diameter. 

 (five; many; several) different 
(five; many;
  
several); different. My parents own five different
  homes. 
My parents own five homes. ■ That can mean
  so many different things. 
That can mean so many
  
things. ■ Identifying a problem and solving it are
  two different tasks. 
Identifying a problem and
  
solving it are different tasks. ■ The company has
  learned that several different brokers in at least
  two different firms have employed various
  manipulative techniques to force the value of
  SSOA's stock down. 
The company has learned that
  
several brokers in at least two firms have employed
  
various manipulative techniques to force the value
  
of SSOA's stock down. 

 (a; the) difficult task 
difficult; task. The
  difficult task of obtaining information for
  marketing decisionmaking presents two overriding
  challenges. 
The task of obtaining information for
  
marketing decisionmaking presents two overriding
  
challenges. ■ Given the differences between the
  languages, you might imagine that learning English
  is a difficult task for Japanese students. 
Given
  
the differences between the languages, you might
  
imagine that learning English is difficult for
  
Japanese students. 

 difficulty in (of) -ing 
difficulty -ing. She has
  great difficulty in falling asleep. 
She has great
  
difficulty falling asleep. ■ People afflicted with
  Parkinson's have tremors and difficulty in moving,
  and they may become demented. 
People afflicted
  
with Parkinson's have tremors and difficulty
  
moving, and they may become demented. 

 diminish down 
diminish. 

 direct ... attention to 
advertise; announce;
  
disclose; divulge; expose; herald; indicate; make
  
known; make public; mention; point out; point to;
  
present; proclaim; promote; publicize; reveal;
  
show; tell; uncover; unveil. The Draper award is
  seen by some engineering leaders as a way of
  directing attention to the profession and making
  sure engineers share the spotlight with scientists.
  
The Draper award is seen by some engineering
  
leaders as a way of promoting the profession and
  
making sure engineers share the spotlight with
  
scientists. 

 disassociate 
dissociate. It set off calls by the
  faculty for nationally known conservatives to
  disassociate themselves from alleged Jew-baiting by
  the 
Review, which in the past has been accused of
  
race-baiting and unfair characterization of women
  
and homosexuals. 
It set off calls by the faculty
  
for nationally known conservatives to dissociate
  
themselves from alleged Jew-baiting by the Review,
  

which in the past has been accused of race-baiting
  
and unfair characterization of women and
  
homosexuals. 

 discomfiture 
discomfit; discomfort. 

 (in) discussion 
speaking; talking. At Honda,
  managers spend up to 50 percent of their time in
  discussions with dealers and distributors. 
At
  
Honda, managers spend up to 50 percent of their
  
time talking with dealers and distributors. 

 display (a; the) ... (of; to) delete. The Task
  Manager displays a list of the programs that are
  currently running. 
The Task Manager lists the
  
programs that are currently running. 

 distinct difference (distinctly different)
  
different; distinct; distinction. We wanted to do
  something distinctly different. 
We wanted to do
  
something distinct. ■ These contracts are
  explicitly authorized by state law─a distinct and
  major difference between MMWEC and WPPSS. 
These
  
contracts are explicitly authorized by state law─a
  
major distinction between MMWEC and WPPSS. 

 divide in half 
halve. 

 divide up 
divide. He suggested we divide up the
  money between us. 
He suggested we divide the money
  
between us. ■ It also makes extensive use of ``X
  windows,'' which allow a computer user to divide up
  the screen into multiple panels and look at two or
  more programs at once. 
It also makes extensive use
  
of ``X windows,'' which allow a computer user to
  
divide the screen into multiple panels and look at
  
two or more programs at once. 

 do (a; the) ... (about; in; of; on; to) 
-(al)ly;
  delete.  We did a thorough search of the area and
  found nothing. 
We thoroughly searched the area and
  
found nothing. ■ They'd rather build a roadway
  than provide a program that prevents someone from
  doing harm to someone else. 
They'd rather build a
  
roadway than provide a program that prevents
  
someone from harming someone else. ■ By setting
  demanding targets and strictly enforcing them,
  corporate management constantly challenges plans
  that are identified early and weeded out before
  they do damage to the company. 
By setting
  
demanding targets and strictly enforcing them,
  
corporate management constantly challenges plans
  
that are identified early and weeded out before
  
they damage the company. 

 do away with 
cancel; destroy; end; kill; stop. 

 does not ... any 
no; none; nothing. I don't see
  any reason to allow the sale of Saturday Night
  Specials. 
I see no reason to allow the sale of
  
Saturday Night Specials. ■ I do not understand any
  of this. 
I understand none of this. 

 does not have to 
needs not. You do not have to
  specify extensions when you save or load files.
  
You need not specify extensions when you save or
  
load files. ■ Private banking premises should be
  tastefully decorated, but they do not have to be
  lavish. 
Private banking premises should be
  
tastefully decorated, but they need not be lavish.

 does not necessarily 
needs not. A long waiting
  time does not necessarily mean that your doctor is
  smart, successful, busy, dedicated, or involved in
  saving lives. 
A long waiting time need not mean
  
that your doctor is smart, successful, busy,
  
dedicated, or involved in saving lives. 

 does not pay attention to 
ignores. 

 does not remember 
forgets. 

 $... dollar 
$.... A heavy fine of, say, $100
  million dollars imposed on a company does very
  little good, as it is paid by the shareholders and
  not by those who have committed the crime. 
A heavy
  
fine of, say, $100 million imposed on a company
  
does very little good, as it is paid by the
  
shareholders and not by those who have committed
  
the crime. 

 dollar amount delete. The daily maximum price
  change is 50 basis points, which is equivalent to a
  dollar amount of $1,250. 
The daily maximum price
  
change is 50 basis points, which is equivalent to
  
$1,250. 

 dollar value 
value. 

 domicile (
n) 
home; house. 

 domicile (
v) 
dwell; live; reside. 

 done (finished; over) with 
done (finished; over).

 doomed to fail (failure) 
doomed. A vocal element
  in the United States insists that any attempt to
  counter armed Soviet insurgency is doomed to
  failure and is evil in its inception. 
A vocal
  
element in the United States insists that any
  
attempt to counter armed Soviet insurgency is
  
doomed and is evil in its inception. ■ The
  governor said the president's strategy is doomed to
  fail. 
The governor said the president's strategy
  
is doomed. 

 dosage 
dose. If the recommended dosage does not
  provide relief of symptoms or symptoms become
  worse, seek immediate medical attention. 
If the
  
recommended dose does not provide relief of
  
symptoms or symptoms become worse, seek immediate
  
medical attention. 

 doubt but that 
doubt that. 

 (on) down the line (road; way) 
from now; later.
  
Ten years down the line where are you going to be?
  
Ten years from now where are you going to be? 

 down to a minimum of 
down to. 

 dramatical 
dramatic. 

 draw attention to 
advertise; announce; disclose;
  
divulge; expose; herald; indicate; make known; make
  
public; mention; point out; point to; present;
  
proclaim; promote; publicize; reveal; show; tell;
  
uncover; unveil. Our goal is to draw attention to
  what has been accomplished in improving the world
  food situation, and what can be done to better it
  in the future. 
Our goal is to publicize what has
  
been accomplished in improving the world food
  
situation, and what can be done to better it in the
  
future. ■ 
Cezanne and America draws attention to
  
the need for similar studies of the reception of
  
Cezanne's contemporaries in the United States.
  
Cezanne and America 
uncovers the need for similar
  
studies of the reception of Cezanne's
  
contemporaries in the United States. 

 draw (a; the) conclusion 
conclude; deduce; draw;
  
infer; reason. It would be wrong to draw the
  conclusion that the British tend to underreact to
  incest. 
It would be wrong to infer that the
  
British tend to underreact to incest. ■ What
  conclusions were you able to draw from your
  experience? 
What were you able to conclude from
  
your experience? ■ Using your logic, one would
  draw the conclusion that our system of justice
  doesn't work. 
Using your logic, one would deduce
  
that our system of justice doesn't work. 

 draw (a; the) inference 
conclude; deduce; draw;
  
infer; reason. 

 draw to a close 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; stop. Scientists expect to feel
  in the next few days a real sense of letdown as the
  first phase of humanity's exploration of the
  Earth's neighborhood draws to a close. 
Scientists
  
expect to feel in the next few days a real sense of
  
letdown as the first phase of humanity's
  
exploration of the Earth's neighborhood concludes.

 draw to a conclusion 
cease; close; complete;
  
conclude; end; finish; halt; stop. 

 driving force 
drive; energy; force; impetus;
  
motivation; power. He is especially concerned
  about young people and is the driving force behind
  Catholic Schools United. 
He is especially
  
concerned about young people and is the impetus
  
behind Catholic Schools United. ■ Capital spending
  is the main driving force in the economy at the
  present time, and there are no signs that it is
  going to ease off. 
Capital spending is the main
  
force in the economy at the present time, and there
  
are no signs that it is going to ease off. 

 drop down 
down; drop. 

 dualistic 
dual. They have dualistic meanings.
  
They have dual meanings. 

 due to the fact that 
because; considering; for; in
  
that; since. Due to the fact that the deposit
  requirements in the futures markets are less
  onerous than margin requirements in the cash
  market, increased participation by speculators in
  the futures market could cause distortions. 
Since
  
the deposit requirements in the futures markets are
  
less onerous than margin requirements in the cash
  
market, increased participation by speculators in
  
the futures market could cause distortions. 

 duplicate copy 
copy; duplicate. When a drawing is
  traced with one of the pens, the other pen moves in
  the same pattern, making a duplicate copy of the
  original drawing. 
When a drawing is traced with
  
one of the pens, the other pen moves in the same
  
pattern, making a duplicate of the original
  
drawing. ■ When you want a duplicate copy of one
  or more files, you use the COPY command. 
When you
  
want a copy of one or more files, you use the COPY
  
command. 

 during the course (length) of 
during; for; in;
  
over; throughout; when; while; with. During the
  course of the analysis, we suppose the array or
  list contains 
n elements. 
Throughout the
  
analysis, we suppose the array or list contains n
  
elements. ■ During the course of 350 years, the
  building was renovated several times. 
Over 350
  
years, the building was renovated several times. ■
  Sooner or later during the course of the year, we
  expect the balance sheet and the cash situation to
  be in sync. 
Sooner or later during the year, we
  
expect the balance sheet and the cash situation to
  
be in sync. ■ During the course of the campaign,
  there was a lot of rhetoric and a lot of empty
  talk. 
In the campaign, there was a lot of rhetoric
  
and a lot of empty talk. 

 during (for; over) the decade (period; period of
  time; span of time; time; years) (from) ... through
  (till; to; until) 
between ... and; from ...
  
through (to). During the period from October 31 to
  March 20, the entire flood-control space is
  reserved for flood control. 
Between October 31 and
  
March 20, the entire flood-control space is
  
reserved for flood control. ■ During the period
  November 26, 1986 to October 31, 1987, the maximum
  borrowings outstanding and the average daily
  borrowings outstanding amounted to $77,229,000 and
  $19,982,105, respectively. 
From November 26, 1986
  
to October 31, 1987, the maximum borrowings
  
outstanding and the average daily borrowings
  
outstanding amounted to $77,229,000 and
  
$19,982,105, respectively. ■ The fees and expenses
  of the non-interested Trustees for the period
  November 26, 1986 to October 31, 1987 amounted to
  $3,731. 
The fees and expenses of the noninterested
  
Trustees from November 26, 1986 to October 31, 1987
  
amounted to $3,731. 

 during the period (period of time; span of time;
  time; years) (that) 
while. 

 during the rule of 
under. 

 dwindle down 
dwindle. A $10,000 gross bonus can
  dwindle down to a surprisingly small amount with
  income tax deductions. 
A $10,000 gross bonus can
  
dwindle to a surprisingly small amount with income
  
tax deductions. 

 dynamical 
dynamic.

 E

 each and every (one) 
all; each; every (one). Each
  and every one of the candidates understands that.
  
All the candidates understand that. ■ Each and
  every one of these crimes was committed by a
  pathological killer. 
Each of these crimes was
  
committed by a pathological killer. ■ It takes
  some time to set up an atomic database, but it
  eliminates the need to consolidate each and every
  report. 
It takes some time to set up an atomic
  
database, but it eliminates the need to consolidate
  
every report. 

 each one 
each. My method is to introduce the key
  elements of office automation and explain each one
  in concrete terms. 
My method is to introduce the
  
key elements of office automation and explain each
  
in concrete terms. ■ We are opening six plants
  today for each one that closes, and the layoff rate
  is lower than it's been in 20 years. 
We are
  
opening six plants today for each that closes, and
  
the layoff rate is lower than it's been in 20
  
years. 

 (from) each other delete. When you first load the
  program, the highlight and end mark overlap each
  other. 
When you first load the program, the
  
highlight and end mark overlap. ■ The two dates on
  the printout differ from each other because the
  first was entered as text and the second as a code.
  
The two dates on the printout differ because the
  
first was entered as text and the second as a code.

 early beginnings 
beginnings. 

 -ed (-en) before (earlier; previously) 
-ed (-en).
  
As we noted earlier, Equation 3-8, and thus
  Darcy's law, are valid only for laminar flow. 
As
  
we noted, Equation 3-8, and thus Darcy's law, are
  
valid only for laminar flow. ■ Actually the term
  was used previously by Thomas Edison. 
Actually the
  
term was used by Thomas Edison. ■ As I stated
  before, even in the binary format, Golden Retriever
  came through like a champ. 
As I stated, even in
  
the binary format, Golden Retriever came through
  
like a champ. 

 edifice 
building. 

 effectuate 
bring about; carry out; effect;
  
execute. In order to effectuate this policy, the
  legislature imposed strict liability for all
  damages resulting from a failure to remove such
  materials on the owners of residential premises.
  
In order to effect this policy, the legislature
  
imposed strict liability for all damages resulting
  
from a failure to remove such materials on the
  
owners of residential premises. 

 either one 
either. The vice president doesn't
  like either one of them. 
The vice president
  
doesn't like either of them. ■ I've done both, so
  I have no problem doing either one. 
I've done
  
both, so I have no problem doing either. 

 elect as 
elect. 

 electrical 
electric. 

 (a; the) ... element (in; of; to) 
some; delete.
  At that age, there's no element of fear. 
At that
  
age, there's no fear. ■ There will always be an
  element of doubt. 
There will always be some
  
doubt. ■ The florid phrases and poor editing
  suggest some element of haste in the booklet's
  concoction. 
The florid phrases and poor editing
  
suggest some haste in the booklet's concoction. ■
  A common element to any system is the need for
  continuous top-management involvement. 
Common to
  
any system is the need for continuous
  
top-management involvement. 

 elliptical 
elliptic. 

 emblematical 
emblematic. 

 emerge out 
emerge. Part (d) corresponds to a time
  when the reflected shock waves have emerged out
  from the dust cloud. 
Part (d) corresponds to a
  
time when the reflected shock waves have emerged
  
from the dust cloud. 

 employ 
use. Not only did the Indians use words
  from their languages while speaking English, but
  English speakers also employed words of Indian
  origin. 
Not only did the Indians use words from
  
their languages while speaking English, but English
  
speakers also used words of Indian origin. ■ Fewer
  than one-tenth of the small business prospects
  worldwide employ computers today. 
Fewer than
  
one-tenth of the small business prospects worldwide
  
use computers today. 

 employment 
use. The consistent employment of
  particular defenses leads to the development of
  personality traits. 
The consistent use of
  
particular defenses leads to the development of
  
personality traits. 

 enable ... to 
let. This enables analysts to sense
  the need for changes in methods. 
This lets
  
analysts sense the need for changes in methods. 

 encapsulate 
encapsule. The responses provide a
  snapshot view of current U.S. efforts to use
  Japanese information and encapsulate some of the
  challenges faced by both providers and users. 
The
  
responses provide a snapshot view of current U.S.
  
efforts to use Japanese information and encapsule
  
some of the challenges faced by both providers and
  
users. 

 encircle 
circle. 

 enclosed herein (herewith) is (please find)
  
enclosed is; here is. Enclosed herewith please
  find a letter from our client, Mr. Edward Price,
  which is self-explanatory. 
Here is a letter from
  
our client, Mr. Edward Price, which is
  
self-explanatory. 

 enclosed is 
here is. 

 encounter 
find; have; meet; delete.  This support
  usually consists of a technical representative you
  can call if you encounter a problem. 
This support
  
usually consists of a technical representative you
  
can call if you have a problem. ■ A particular
  (and fortunately infrequently encountered) bias in
  published league tables is gerrymandering to suit
  advertising or editorial policy. 
A particular (and
  
fortunately infrequently found) bias in published
  
league tables is gerrymandering to suit advertising
  
or editorial policy. 

 encourage 
urge. 

 endeavor 
try. 

 end product 
product. 

 end (final; net; ultimate) result 
result. The end
  result was a series of consolidations that lasted
  until a single company was left to serve the
  market. 
The result was a series of consolidations
  
that lasted until a single company was left to
  
serve the market. ■ Even though word processing
  and desktop publishing can lead to the same
  ultimate result, the paths to that result are
  completely different. 
Even though word processing
  
and desktop publishing can lead to the same result,
  
the paths to that result are completely different.
  ■ He said states have broad discretion over how
  they go about regulating utilities, as long as the
  final result is a reasonable system. 
He said
  
states have broad discretion over how they go about
  
regulating utilities, as long as the result is a
  
reasonable system. 

 engage in ... (a; the) delete. I appreciate the
  straightforward way in which you've engaged in this
  discussion. 
I appreciate the straightforward way
  
in which you've discussed this. ■ Known as an
  active force in the labor movement, the unions at
  the Gillette France plant are engaged in a
  nationwide campaign to shape public opinion. 
Known
  
as an active force in the labor movement, the
  
unions at the Gillette France plant are campaigning
  
nationwide to shape public opinion. ■ In that
  case, Drexel, the head of its junk bond department,
  Michael Milken, and others were charged with
  engaging in a scheme to defraud Drexel customers,
  and with committing a variety of other securities
  laws violations including insider trading. 
In that
  
case, Drexel, the head of its junk bond department,
  
Michael Milken, and others were charged with
  
scheming to defraud Drexel customers, and with
  
committing a variety of other securities laws
  
violations including insider trading. 

 enter into a contract 
agree; contract. 

 enter into an agreement 
agree; contract. Courier
  Dispatch Group Inc. said it has entered into an
  agreement in principle to acquire the assets of
  J.A. Finn Inc. 
Courier Dispatch Group Inc. said it
  
has agreed in principle to acquire the assets of
  
J.A. Finn Inc. 

 entirely delete. Our competition introduced an
  entirely new product. 
Our competition introduced a
  
new product. ■ In some cases, villages are
  entirely surrounded and in urgent need of drinking
  water. 
In some cases, villages are surrounded and
  
in urgent need of drinking water. 

 entitle 
title; delete. The report is entitled
  ``Outlook for EFT/POS: An Executive Summary.'' 
The
  
report is titled ``Outlook for EFT/POS: An
  
Executive Summary.''

 enumerate 
count; list; name; numerate. 

 epidemical 
epidemic. 

 epidemiological 
epidemiologic. 

 epigrammatical 
epigrammatic. 

 epigraphical 
epigraphic. 

 equally as 
equally; as. It was equally as
  difficult for me. 
It was equally difficult for
  
me. ■ Preserving our past is equally as important
  as building our future. 
Preserving our past is as
  
important as building our future. ■ The emotional
  component of the nurse-client relationship is
  equally as important as the physical component.
  
The emotional component of the nurse-client
  
relationship is as important as the physical
  
component. 

 equitable 
fair. 

 (the) -(i)er ... of the two 
(the) -(i)er; (the)
  
more. Direct exporting is the riskier of the two,
  but the potential rewards are also greater. 
Direct
  
exporting is riskier, but the potential rewards are
  
also greater. 

 essentially 
chiefly; largely; mainly; most;
  
mostly; delete.  This is essentially the idea
  behind classical deseasonalization. 
This is the
  
idea behind classical deseasonalization. ■
  Essentially, the university experts act as
  information gatekeepers. 
The university experts
  
chiefly act as information gatekeepers. 

 essential core 
core; crux; essence; gist; pith;
  
substance. The reviewer let himself be diverted by
  the book's feminist frame and missed its essential
  core. 
The reviewer let himself be diverted by the
  
book's feminist frame and missed its essence. 

 (an; the) essential ... for (in; of; to) 
essential
  
to. Homeownership is an essential part of the
  American dream. 
Homeownership is essential to the
  
American dream. ■ His point is that physical
  contact is an essential element in everyone's life,
  and most people don't get enough. 
His point is
  
that physical contact is essential to everyone's
  
life, and most people don't get enough. ■
  Toughness is not an essential ingredient for
  getting ahead, and it isn't the same as resolve.
  
Toughness is not essential to getting ahead, and
  
it isn't the same as resolve. 

 essential prerequisite 
essential; prerequisite.
  
Categorizing a given product is an essential
  prerequisite for a successful marketing effort.
  
Categorizing a given product is essential for a
  
successful marketing effort. 

 establish 
set up. 

 establish conclusive evidence (proof) of 
prove. 

 established standard 
standard. Over the past few
  years, a number of spreadsheet, database, and word
  processing programs have become established
  standards in their areas of application. 
Over the
  
past few years, a number of spreadsheet, database,
  
and word processing programs have become standards
  
in their areas of application. 

 established tradition 
tradition. IBM broke
  established traditions and set up a special group
  at Boca Raton, Florida, to develop their own
  microcomputer. 
IBM broke traditions and set up a
  
special group at Boca Raton, Florida, to develop
  
their own microcomputer. 

 establishment 
business; club; firm. The state
  supreme court will decide whether to allow nude
  dancing to continue at that establishment. 
The
  
state supreme court will decide whether to allow
  
nude dancing to continue at that club. 

 -est ever 
-est. That amount is the largest ever
  paid by the city in a civil rights action. 
That
  
amount is the largest paid by the city in a civil
  
rights action. 

 et cetera, et cetera, et cetera 
and so forth; and
  
so on; and the like; etc. 

 eventuality 
event; occurrence; outcome; delete.
  We all must prepare for this unpleasant
  eventuality. 
We all must prepare for this
  
unpleasantness. ■ Potential buyers of its stock,
  looking for quick run-ups engendered by takeover
  artists, but knowing that the directing family
  could prevent such an eventuality, have instead
  backed likelier candidates for soaring prices.
  
Potential buyers of its stock, looking for quick
  
run-ups engendered by takeover artists, but knowing
  
that the directing family could prevent such an
  
event, have instead backed likelier candidates for
  
soaring prices. ■ Kodak should have prepared for
  this eventuality.

 
Kodak should have prepared for this outcome. 

 eventuate 
befall; come about; happen; occur;
  
result; take place. 

 ever and anon 
at times; now and again; now and
  
then; occasionally; once in a while; on occasion;
  
sometimes. 

 every day (month; week; year) 
daily (monthly;
  
weekly; yearly). 

 every now and then 
at times; from time to time;
  
now and again; now and then; occasionally; once in
  
a while; on occasion; sometimes. 

 every once in a while 
at times; from time to time;
  
now and again; now and then; occasionally; once in
  
a while; on occasion; sometimes. Every once in a
  while, I was struck by how hot it was. 
Now and
  
then, I was struck by how hot it was. 

 every single (solitary) 
every. Every single
  solitary juvenile in these four states was
  examined. 
Every juvenile in these four states was
  
examined. ■ And that commitment is good jobs and
  economic opportunity for every single citizen in
  this country. 
And that commitment is good jobs and
  
economic opportunity for every citizen in this
  
country. 

 evidence in (to) support of (that) 
evidence of
  
(that). The great pay-raise debate is on, and we
  see little evidence to support that higher salaries
  will attract higher-quality candidates. 
The great
  
pay-raise debate is on, and we see little evidence
  
that higher salaries will attract higher-quality
  
candidates. ■ There is no evidence to support that
  those new mortgages are any more likely to default
  than those insured by F.H.A. under current law.
  
There is no evidence that those new mortgages are
  
any more likely to default than those insured by
  
F.H.A. under current law. 

 exact (exactly) duplicate 
duplicate; exact;
  
identical; match; (the) same. This one-to-one
  correspondence between pixels on the document and
  pixels on the screen allows an exact duplicate of
  the original to be read into the computer and
  displayed. 
This one-to-one correspondence between
  
pixels on the document and pixels on the screen
  
allows a duplicate of the original to be read into
  
the computer and displayed. ■ Nothing could
  exactly duplicate what we just heard. 
Nothing
  
could match what we just heard. 

 exact (exactly) equivalent 
duplicate; equivalent;
  
exact; identical; match; (the) same. This
  situation is exactly equivalent to our usual
  neglect of the Earth's rotation when we do
  experiments in laboratories. 
This situation is
  
equivalent to our usual neglect of the Earth's
  
rotation when we do experiments in laboratories. 

 exact (exactly) identical 
duplicate; exact;
  
identical; match; (the) same. This pattern, though
  not exactly identical, tends to recur every year.
  
This pattern, though not identical, tends to recur
  
every year. 

 exactly sure 
sure. I'm not exactly sure of her
  name. 
I'm not sure of her name. 

 exact (exactly) match 
duplicate; exact; identical;
  
match; (the) same. When you enter a value that
  doesn't exactly match one of those listed on the
  lookup table, the function will find the value
  equal to or less than the value being looked up.
  
When you enter a value that doesn't match one of
  
those listed on the lookup table, the function will
  
find the value equal to or less than the value
  
being looked up. 

 exact (exactly) (the) same 
duplicate; exact;
  
identical; just; match; (the) same. He used those
  exact same words. 
He used those exact words. ■ We
  should not assume that these people enter the line
  at a uniform rate or that the service always
  requires exactly the same amount of time. 
We
  
should not assume that these people enter the line
  
at a uniform rate or that the service always
  
requires the same amount of time. ■ The
  construction of a drawing of a square nut or a
  hexagon nut across corners is exactly the same as
  the construction of a drawing of a bolt head across
  corners. 
The construction of a drawing of a square
  
nut or a hexagon nut across corners is identical to
  
the construction of a drawing of a bolt head across
  
corners. ■ If things are going badly, do exactly
  the same as you would in a department store. 
If
  
things are going badly, do just as you would in a
  
department store. 

 examination 
exam. 

 (an) example that illustrates (to illustrate)
  
example (of); (to) illustrate. Sears, Roebuck
  provides an example that illustrates how several
  retailers are entering the financial services
  market. 
Sears, Roebuck provides an example of how
  
several retailers are entering the financial
  
services market. ■ The design of a hunting seat is
  used as an example to illustrate the decision step
  of the design process. 
The design of a hunting
  
seat is used to illustrate the decision step of the
  
design process. ■ Here are some examples to
  illustrate the benefits of word processing on a
  network. 
Here are some examples of the benefits of
  
word processing on a network. 

 excerption 
excerpt. 

 (a; the) excessive amount (of) 
excessive; too
  
much. 

 (a; the) excessive number (of) 
excessive; too
  
many. If your failure to detect errors in the
  proofing stage results in a published text that
  contains an excessive number of errors, the costs
  of making these corrections in a subsequent
  printing will be charged against your royalties.
  
If your failure to detect errors in the proofing
  
stage results in a published text that contains
  
excessive errors, the costs of making these
  
corrections in a subsequent printing will be
  
charged against your royalties. 

 excess verbiage 
verbiage. 

 excruciatingly painful 
excruciating; painful. To
  always be the largest woman in exercise classes is
  excruciatingly painful. 
To always be the largest
  
woman in exercise classes is painful. ■ It has
  been an excruciatingly painful experience for the
  town's 8,000 residents. 
It has been an
  
excruciating experience for the town's 8,000
  
residents. 

 (that) exist delete. Ample evidence exists to
  support the differences in investment tax shields
  across industries. 
Ample evidence supports the
  
differences in investment tax shields across
  
industries. ■ The degree of such emphasis will
  depend upon market conditions existing at the time
  of investment. 
The degree of such emphasis will
  
depend upon market conditions at the time of
  
investment. ■ Exhibit 15-1 shows examples of the
  variations in shopping hours that exist among five
  European countries. 
Exhibit 15-1 shows examples of
  
the variations in shopping hours among five
  
European countries. 

 expect (expectation) and hope 
expect
  
(expectation); hope; trust. We're pleased with our
  progress and expect and hope that it will continue
  as our initiatives take hold. 
We're pleased with
  
our progress and expect that it will continue as
  
our initiatives take hold. 

 expediency 
expedience. 

 expeditiously 
fast; promptly; quickly; rapidly;
  
speedily; straightaway. This problem must be dealt
  with expeditiously. 
This problem must be dealt
  
with quickly. 

 expenditure (of money) 
cost; expense. He deplored
  the long electoral campaigns that involved heavy
  expenditures of money and brought the country to a
  virtual standstill for months. 
He deplored the
  
long electoral campaigns that involved heavy costs
  
and brought the country to a virtual standstill for
  
months. 

 experience 
feel; find; go through; have; know;
  
see. According to this book, many people have
  experienced boredom and alienation. 
According to
  
this book, many people have known boredom and
  
alienation. ■ Needs are deficiencies a person is
  experiencing at a particular time. 
Needs are
  
deficiencies a person is feeling at a particular
  
time. ■ Clerical workers in Boston experienced the
  highest annual rate of increase since 1983.
  
Clerical workers in Boston saw the highest annual
  
rate of increase since 1983. ■ Siemens reasons
  that it will experience difficulty maintaining the
  economies of scale necessary to remain globally
  competitive. 
Siemens reasons that it will have
  
difficulty maintaining the economies of scale
  
necessary to remain globally competitive. 

 experience 
delete. This magazine has experienced
  tremendous growth in the past two years. 
This
  
magazine has grown tremendously in the past two
  
years. ■ If SDS experiences success in the
  corporate sector, more packet switching will
  ultimately be placed on BOCs' networks to
  interconnect disparate private systems. 
If SDS
  
succeeds in the corporate sector, more packet
  
switching will ultimately be placed on BOCs'
  
networks to interconnect disparate private
  
systems. ■ It is a very dangerous drug; it causes
  every woman who takes it to experience a
  miscarriage. 
It is a very dangerous drug; it
  
causes every woman who takes it to miscarry. ■ The
  only sardine industry in the United States is in
  Maine, and it has experienced a significant decline
  over the last 70 years. 
The only sardine industry
  
in the United States is in Maine, and it has
  
declined significantly over the last 70 years. ■
  All nurses at times experience feelings of anxiety,
  anger, and resentment toward some clients. 
All
  
nurses at times feel anxiety, anger, and resentment
  
toward some clients. 

 express ... (about; for; of; to) delete. He
  expressed doubt whether the issue would be much of
  a headache on the campaign trail this fall. 
He
  
doubted whether the issue would be much of a
  
headache on the campaign trail this fall. ■ Many
  express open admiration for women who are healthy,
  well-groomed, and confident. 
Many openly admire
  
women who are healthy, well-groomed, and
  
confident. ■ Most top executives seem to believe
  strongly in the need for better human relations,
  but they often express distrust of the training
  program itself. 
Most top executives seem to
  
believe strongly in the need for better human
  
relations, but they often distrust the training
  
program itself. ■ We wish to express our sincere
  thanks to our special representative for her
  responsiveness. 
We wish to sincerely thank our
  
special representative for her responsiveness. ■
  Though solar physics rather than comet-finding is
  Solar Max's primary role, some scientists are
  expressing outrage at NASA's recent decision not to
  send astronauts to refurbish the satellite's
  instruments and raise its orbit before the drag of
  Earth's uppermost atmosphere sends it plunging to
  its destruction. 
Though solar physics rather than
  
comet-finding is Solar Max's primary role, some
  
scientists are outraged at NASA's recent decision
  
not to send astronauts to refurbish the satellite's
  
instruments and raise its orbit before the drag of
  
Earth's uppermost atmosphere sends it plunging to
  
its destruction. 

 express concern (about) 
agonize (over; about);
  
brood (on; over); dread; fear; fret (about; over);
  
regret; stew (about; over); worry (about; over).
  
Some scientists express concern about the
  implications of splicing the genes for certain
  insecticides into plants. 
Some scientists worry
  
about the implications of splicing the genes for
  
certain insecticides into plants. ■ Alumni and
  students express concern that this will shift the
  school's focus from personal interactions in
  business to a more traditional, theoretical, and
  analytical approach to management. 
Alumni and
  
students fret that this will shift the school's
  
focus from personal interactions in business to a
  
more traditional, theoretical, and analytical
  
approach to management. ■ Company analysts
  expressed concern about the level of debt that the
  combined companies would carry if the hostile bid
  succeeds. 
Company analysts stewed over the level
  
of debt that the combined companies would carry if
  
the hostile bid succeeds. 

 express opposition to 
contest; criticize; disagree
  
with; disapprove of; dispute; object to; oppose;
  
protest. 

 express skepticism (about) 
disbelieve; distrust;
  
doubt; mistrust; question. But others express
  skepticism about those results, with some
  scientists' questions verging upon accusations of
  exaggeration. 
But others distrust those results,
  
with some scientists' questions verging upon
  
accusations of exaggeration. 

 express sorrow (about) 
bemoan; deplore; grieve;
  
lament; moan; mourn; regret. At a press conference
  earlier in the day, he had expressed sorrow that
  American writers and American politics seem to
  occupy two different worlds. 
At a press conference
  
earlier in the day, he had bemoaned that American
  
writers and American politics seem to occupy two
  
different worlds. 

 extend (issue) an invitation to 
invite. The Open
  Software Foundation would like to extend an
  invitation to you to explore the OSF/Motif user
  environment. 
The Open Software Foundation would
  
like to invite you to explore the OSF/Motif user
  
environment. 

 extend out 
extend. Press the right arrow until
  the highlight extends out to cell F4, and then
  press Return. 
Press the right arrow until the
  
highlight extends to cell F4, and then press
  
Return. 

 extensively throughout 
all through; extensively in
  
(through); throughout. Our reporter has traveled
  extensively throughout South America. 
Our reporter
  
has traveled throughout South America. 

 (a; the) ... extent of delete.

 F

 face up to 
face. 

 facilitate 
ease; help. 

 facility 
bathroom; building; factory; hospital;
  
jail; office; place; plant; prison; school;
  
delete. In 1986, hospital executives estimated
  that 21 percent of their facilities might close.
  
In 1986, hospital executives estimated that 21
  
percent of their hospitals might close. ■ The
  report calls for increased AIDS testing of
  prisoners in state and local facilities, bringing
  them in line with federal testing in prisons. 
The
  
report calls for increased AIDS testing of
  
prisoners in state and local jails, bringing them
  
in line with federal testing in prisons. ■ The
  Singapore plant, a 140,000-square-foot facility,
  employs 220 people. 
The 140,000-square-foot
  
Singapore plant employs 220 people. ■ In the
  United States, FTZs have been established mainly
  near primary ports of entry, industrial parks, and
  major warehouse facilities. 
In the United States,
  
FTZs have been established mainly near primary
  
ports of entry, industrial parks, and major
  
warehouses. 

 (a; the) ... factor (in; of; to) delete. The fact
  that we could not have children was a contributing
  factor to our divorce. 
The fact that we could not
  
have children contributed to our divorce. ■ What
  will be the deciding factor that will make young
  people slow down their automobiles? 
What will make
  
young people decide to slow down their
  
automobiles? ■ Customer demand for practical
  solutions to communications problems─rather than
  technology for the sake of technology─is the
  determining factor in the development work that is
  taking place. 
Customer demand for practical
  
solutions to communications problems─rather than
  
technology for the sake of technology─determines
  
the development work that is taking place. ■
  Knowing the consequences of obesity should be a
  motivating factor in losing weight. 
Knowing the
  
consequences of obesity should be a motivation in
  
losing weight. ■ Researchers indicate, however,
  that after age 50 life-style becomes a less
  influential factor in physiological change than
  aging itself. 
Researchers indicate, however, that
  
after age 50 life-style becomes less influential in
  
physiological change than aging itself. 

 facts and information 
facts; information. Request
  a full disclosure statement highlighting all the
  pertinent facts and information about them.
  
Request a full disclosure statement highlighting
  
all the pertinent facts about them. 

 factual basis 
basis; fact; reason; truth. People
  who know me know there's no factual basis to the
  story. 
People who know me know there's no truth to
  
the story. 

 fair (just) and equitable 
fair; just; equitable.
  
I support fair and equitable taxes to insure human
  services are funded. 
I support equitable taxes to
  
insure human services are funded. ■ The church
  affirmed commitment to a just and equitable welfare
  system. 
The church affirmed commitment to a just
  
welfare system. 

 fair and square 
fair; honest; just; square. 

 false and misleading 
deceptive; false; misleading.

 false illusion 
illusion. 

 false pretense 
pretense. 

 far and away 
by far; much. The judgment was for
  $10.3 billion, far and away the biggest ever in
  American commerce. 
The judgment was for $10.3
  
billion, by far the biggest ever in American
  
commerce. ■ As for silhouette, maillots remain far
  and away the best sellers. 
As for silhouette,
  
maillots remain much the best sellers. 

 far and wide 
broadly; widely. 

 far away from 
far from. The pressure is greatest
  near the outer wall (farthest away from the center
  of the curvature). 
The pressure is greatest near
  
the outer wall (farthest from the center of the
  
curvature). ■ These blocks are usually physically
  located far away from the file's data blocks.
  
These blocks are usually physically located far
  
from the file's data blocks. 

 fasten together 
fasten. Screw threads provide a
  fast and easy method of fastening two parts
  together and of exerting a force that can be used
  for adjustment of movable parts. 
Screw threads
  
provide a fast and easy method of fastening two
  
parts and of exerting a force that can be used for
  
adjustment of movable parts. 

 favor ... as opposed to (instead of; rather than)
  
favor ... over; favor ... to. Lager is a pale,
  American-style beer favored by the young as opposed
  to the dark, traditional ``bitter'' English beer.
  
Lager is a pale, American-style beer favored by
  
the young over the dark, traditional ``bitter''
  
English beer. 

 fear and trembling 
anxiety; dismay; dread; fear;
  
foreboding; horror; terror; trembling. 

 (a; the) ... feeling(s) (of) delete. We describe
  the intensity of the feeling of anger along a
  four-point scale. 
We describe the intensity of
  
anger along a four-point scale. ■ Neither of us
  has any guilt feelings about it. 
Neither of us has
  
any guilt about it. ■ The moderately anxious
  person may verbalize subjective experiences such as
  a dry mouth, upset stomach, anorexia, tension
  headache, stiff neck, feelings of tiredness, and
  inability to relax. 
The moderately anxious person
  
may verbalize subjective experiences such as a dry
  
mouth, upset stomach, anorexia, tension headache,
  
stiff neck, tiredness, and inability to relax. 

 feel inside 
feel. What's most important is how
  you feel inside about it. 
What's most important is
  
how you feel about it. 

 fervency 
fervor. 

 few and far between 
few; infrequent; meager; rare;
  
scant; scanty; scarce; scattered; seldom; sparse;
  
uncommon; unusual. Since then the shooting stars
  have been few and far between. 
Since then the
  
shooting stars have been infrequent. ■ Efforts by
  the government, foundations, academic institutions,
  and business to stimulate and/or support systematic
  studies of the problem have been few and far
  between. 
Efforts by the government, foundations,
  
academic institutions, and business to stimulate
  
and/or support systematic studies of the problem
  
have been sparse. 

 few (small) in number 
few; not many. 

 fifty (50) percent (of) 
half (of); one-half (of).
  
Nearly fifty percent of the town's population is
  associated with the university. 
Nearly half the
  
town's population is associated with the
  
university. 

 figuratively speaking 
as it were; in a sense; in a
  
way; so to speak. 

 (a; the) ... figure delete. Alan Paton has become
  something of a legendary figure. 
Alan Paton has
  
become something of a legend. 

 figure in 
add; include. 

 figure on (upon) 
expect; plan on. 

 figure out 
decide; determine; discern; discover;
  
think. Now, at the age of 50, I have to figure out
  what I'm going to do with the rest of my life.
  
Now, at the age of 50, I have to decide what I'm
  
going to do with the rest of my life. 

 figure up 
add; total. 

 fill up 
fill. Fill up the tank when you're in
  town. 
Fill the tank when you're in town. 

 fill to capacity 
fill. 

 filter out 
filter. It's very hard to filter out
  fact from fiction. 
It's very hard to filter fact
  
from fiction. 

 filthy dirty 
dirty; filthy. 

 final and irrevocable 
final; irrevocable. His
  decision not to seek a fourth term as governor is
  final and irrevocable. 
His decision not to seek a
  
fourth term as governor is final. 

 final (ultimate) completion 
completion. Because
  the order, timing, and costs of the individual
  tasks are interrelated, they all affect the total
  cost of the project and its final completion date.
  
Because the order, timing, and costs of the
  
individual tasks are interrelated, they all affect
  
the total cost of the project and its completion
  
date. 

 final (ultimate) conclusion 
conclusion. 

 final (ultimate) culmination 
culmination. 

 finalize 
complete; conclude; finish. After five
  or ten successful projects, you should review
  guidelines and begin to finalize the procedure.
  
After five or ten successful projects, you should
  
review guidelines and begin to complete the
  
procedure. 

 final (ultimate) outcome 
outcome. We were
  saddened by the final outcome. 
We were saddened by
  
the outcome. 

 final (ultimate) resolution 
resolution. The
  outcome of these matters is not presently
  determinable, but the ultimate resolution of such
  matters will not have a material adverse impact on
  NYNEX's financial position. 
The outcome of these
  
matters is not presently determinable, but the
  
resolution of such matters will not have a material
  
adverse impact on NYNEX's financial position. 

 final (ultimate) settlement 
settlement. 

 financial (monetary) resources 
assets; capital;
  
money; resources. 

 financial wherewithal 
assets; cash; funds; means;
  
money; wherewithal. The commission also is
  considering whether owners have the financial
  wherewithal to operate the plant. 
The commission
  
also is considering whether owners have the money
  
to operate the plant. ■ That strength has
  permitted us time, and provided financial
  wherewithal, to ``build out'' and augment that core
  with above-average growth. 
That strength has
  
permitted us time, and provided means, to ``build
  
out'' and augment that core with above-average
  
growth. 

 find out 
find; learn. We found out that there is
  a great deal of teenage prostitution going on. 
We
  
learned that there is a great deal of teenage
  
prostitution going on. 

 (all) fine (good) and well 
all right; fine; good;
  
great; nice; pleasant; pleasing; welcome; well. 

 finish up 
finish. 

 firm (strong) commitment 
commitment. Voters are
  not firmly committed to any of the candidates.
  
Voters are not committed to any of the candidates.

 firm (strong) conviction 
conviction. This
  participative process has enabled us to develop a
  strong conviction throughout the Company that our
  strategy is the right one. 
This participative
  
process has enabled us to develop a conviction
  
throughout the Company that our strategy is the
  
right one. 

 firmly establish 
establish; firm. We should have
  resolved them earlier in the implementation of the
  reorganization, before structure and behavior
  patterns became firmly established. 
We should have
  
resolved them earlier in the implementation of the
  
reorganization, before structure and behavior
  
patterns became firm. ■ Once the reserves were
  firmly established, the accounting issues became
  less problematic because the accounting firms felt
  more comfortable, and the banks felt more flexible.
  
Once the reserves were established, the accounting
  
issues became less problematic because the
  
accounting firms felt more comfortable, and the
  
banks felt more flexible. 

 firm (strong) resolution 
resolution. 

 first and foremost 
chief; chiefly; first;
  
foremost; main; mainly; mostly; primarily; primary;
  
principal; principally; delete.  Football is first
  and foremost a running game. 
Football is primarily
  
a running game. ■ Our loyalties are first and
  foremost to our families and friends, then to our
  communities, the state and nation. 
Our loyalties
  
are first to our families and friends, then to our
  
communities, the state and nation. ■ All breached
  science's code of ethics, which is based, first and
  foremost, on an absolute commitment to the truth.
  
All breached science's code of ethics, which is
  
chiefly based on an absolute commitment to the
  
truth. ■ We can't speak for others, but at Arthur
  Young, quality is our first and foremost principle.
  
We can't speak for others, but at Arthur Young,
  
quality is our foremost principle. 

 first and last 
only; sole. 

 first and only 
only; sole. Was he the first and
  only person to have superheated ice, yet whose work
  has fallen into obscurity? 
Was he the only person
  
to have superheated ice, yet whose work has fallen
  
into obscurity? 

 first ... before 
before. You cannot print a
  document on the disk that has been fast-saved
  unless you first positioned the cursor at the end
  of the document before you saved it. 
You cannot
  
print a document on the disk that has been
  
fastsaved unless you positioned the cursor at the
  
end of the document before you saved it. 

 first begin 
begin; start. 

 first (initially) coined 
coined. The term
  
psychic distance was initially coined by Swedish
  
researchers at the University of Uppsala. 
The term
  
psychic distance 
was coined by Swedish
  
researchers at the University of Uppsala. 

 first come into being 
arise; begin; start. When
  Social Security first came into being, relatively
  few people lived to the retirement age of 65, so
  the many were supporting the few. 
When Social
  
Security began, relatively few people lived to the
  
retirement age of 65, so the many were supporting
  
the few. 

 first created 
created. 

 first ever 
first. This was the first-ever
  congressional review of the condition of wilderness
  areas protected from development under a landmark
  1964 law. 
This was the first congressional review
  
of the condition of wilderness areas protected from
  
development under a landmark 1964 law. 

 first initially 
first; initially. When he first
  initially got the complaint, he wrote a letter to
  the Human Rights Commission admitting his guilt.
  
When he first got the complaint, he wrote a letter
  
to the Human Rights Commission admitting his guilt.

 first introduced 
introduced. He built on some
  ideas first introduced by Leibniz almost 200 years
  earlier. 
He built on some ideas introduced by
  
Leibniz almost 200 years earlier. ■ Surprisingly,
  when microcomputers were first introduced, large
  corporations were not the first to adopt them.
  
Surprisingly, when microcomputers were introduced,
  
large corporations were not the first to adopt
  
them. ■ When the Tucker was first introduced,
  owners displayed signs in the back window reading,
  ``You've just been passed by a Tucker.'' 
When the
  
Tucker was introduced, owners displayed signs in
  
the back window reading, ``You've just been passed
  
by a Tucker.'' 

 first invented 
invented. 

 firstly 
first. 

 first of all 
first. I would first of all ask how
  many of you are going to help us. 
I would first
  
ask how many of you are going to help us. ■ First
  of all, most departments that have already invested
  in PCs are happy with them. 
First, most
  
departments that have already invested in PCs are
  
happy with them. 

 first off 
first. First off, these price and yield
  figures are for multimillion-dollar
  dealer-to-dealer negotiated transactions at any
  given hour or day. 
First, these price and yield
  
figures are for multimillion-dollar
  
dealer-to-dealer negotiated transactions at any
  
given hour or day. 

 first start 
begin; start. It may well be that
  when they first started getting the stuff they
  needed it. 
It may well be that when they started
  
getting the stuff they needed it. ■ The market
  share of Searle's Calan was fairly low when we
  first started. 
The market share of Searle's Calan
  
was fairly low when we began. 

 first time ever 
first time. It's the first time
  ever that disabled skiers were represented at the
  Olympics. 
It's the first time that disabled skiers
  
were represented at the Olympics. ■ For the first
  time ever, the school district has dismissed a
  child in the third grade for erratic behavior
  caused by hyperactivity. 
For the first time, the
  
school district has dismissed a child in the third
  
grade for erratic behavior caused by hyperactivity.

 flood over 
flood. 

 fly in the face of 
challenge; contradict; defy;
  
dispute; disregard. Although it may be morally
  reassuring, this tale flies in the face of
  historical fact. 
Although it may be morally
  
reassuring, this tale defies historical fact. 

 focal point 
center; focus. The U.S.-Canada trade
  agreement has been the focal point of the campaign.
  
The U.S.-Canada trade agreement has been the focus
  
of the campaign. 

 focus ... attention on (upon) 
concentrate on;
  
focus on. It's time we focus our attention on the
  plight of the poor. 
It's time we focus on the
  
plight of the poor. ■ I was too wrapped up in my
  own concerns to be able to focus my attention on
  him. 
I was too wrapped up in my own concerns to be
  
able to concentrate on him. ■ Perhaps if the media
  focused their attention on long-term investment
  rather than short-term blips, the investment
  community would feel less compelled to predict
  daily fluctuations. 
Perhaps if the media focused
  
on long-term investment rather than short-term
  
blips, the investment community would feel less
  
compelled to predict daily fluctuations. 

 focus (media; people's; public) attention on (upon)
  
advertise; announce; disclose; divulge; expose;
  
herald; indicate; make known; make public; mention;
  
point out; point to; present; proclaim; promote;
  
publicize; reveal; show; tell; uncover; unveil.
  
All this has helped us focus attention on the
  problem. 
All this has helped us publicize the
  
problem. ■ Arbitrary as such an approach may be,
  at least it is an effort to focus attention on
  people as resources, not just expenses. 
Arbitrary
  
as such an approach may be, at least it is an
  
effort to present people as resources, not just
  
expenses. 

 focus ... effort on (upon) 
concentrate on; focus
  
on. It was also agreed to reduce the number of
  items on the control list and focus efforts on
  truly sensitive goods and technology. 
It was also
  
agreed to reduce the number of items on the control
  
list and focus on truly sensitive goods and
  
technology. ■ He said the crew would focus efforts
  on saving baby penguins. 
He said the crew would
  
concentrate on saving baby penguins. 

 focus ... energy on (upon) 
concentrate on; focus
  
on. If production focuses its energies on
  manufacturing a product at the lowest possible
  cost, but the sales department is willing to accept
  unprofitable orders, conflict will arise. 
If
  
production focuses on manufacturing a product at
  
the lowest possible cost, but the sales department
  
is willing to accept unprofitable orders, conflict
  
will arise. ■ When those discussions failed to
  lead to an acceptable transaction, we focused our
  energies on the profitable value-added solutions
  market. 
When those discussions failed to lead to
  
an acceptable transaction, we focused on the
  
profitable value-added solutions market. 

 focus in 
focus. We're focusing in on what we have
  to do to achieve this. 
We're focusing on what we
  
have to do to achieve this. ■ We focused in on the
  area of price. 
We focused on the area of price. 

 focus of attention 
cynosure; focus. 

 focus ... time and energy on (upon) 
concentrate
  
on; focus on. 

 fold up 
fold. The commission folded up because we
  voted to have it fold up. 
The commission folded
  
because we voted to have it fold. 

 follow after 
follow. 

 follow along the lines of 
duplicate; imitate;
  
match; resemble. There might be a settlement on
  rates by the end of this year; however, we doubt it
  will follow along the lines of the New York rate
  case moratorium. 
There might be a settlement on
  
rates by the end of this year; however, we doubt it
  
will resemble the New York rate case moratorium. 

 for (to) all intents and purposes 
essentially; in
  
effect; in essence; practically; virtually. The
  file name is removed from the directory so that the
  file appears, for all intents and purposes, to be
  deleted. 
The file name is removed from the
  
directory so that the file appears, in effect, to
  
be deleted. ■ Following the treatment with
  interleukin-2, the nodule for all intents and
  purposes disappeared. 
Following the treatment with
  
interleukin-2, the nodule virtually disappeared. 

 for (all) practical purposes 
essentially; in
  
effect; in essence; practically; virtually. For
  all practical purposes, there will be no expansion
  in existing programs. 
There will be virtually no
  
expansion in existing programs. ■ For all
  practical purposes, last month's rent and a
  security deposit are the same. 
In essence, last
  
month's rent and a security deposit are the same.
  ■ So round one, for practical purposes, is over.
  
So round one, in effect, is over. 

 for an extended (prolonged; protracted) amount of
  time (length of time; period; period of time; span
  of time; time; while) 
awhile; for a long time
  
(while); for a time (while); for days (hours;
  
weeks; years); for six months (three years); long.
  
The reason for not turning a computer off is that
  the surge of electricity that goes through it when
  you turn it on can cause more damage than leaving
  the computer on for an extended period. 
The reason
  
for not turning a computer off is that the surge of
  
electricity that goes through it when you turn it
  
on can cause more damage than leaving the computer
  
on for hours. ■ It is recommended to ``test
  spray'' into the air before using for the first
  time and in cases where the aerosol has not been
  used for a prolonged period of time. 
It is
  
recommended to ``test spray'' into the air before
  
using for the first time and in cases where the
  
aerosol has not been used for a long time. ■ We
  had observed this family for a prolonged period of
  time. 
We had long observed this family. 

 for another (thing) 
second. For another thing,
  there is still ample legal precedent for highly
  effective affirmative action programs that stop
  short of specific quotas. 
Second, there is still
  
ample legal precedent for highly effective
  
affirmative action programs that stop short of
  
specific quotas. 

 forasmuch as 
because; considering; for; in that;
  
since. 

 for a while 
awhile. After this program executes
  for a while, procedure B is called. 
After this
  
program executes awhile, procedure B is called. ■
  Team A will serve for a while, and then Team B will
  serve. 
Team A will serve awhile, and then Team B
  
will serve. 

 for awhile 
awhile. If the program continues to
  run for awhile, the answer may not be so clear. 
If
  
the program continues to run awhile, the answer may
  
not be so clear. 

 forecast ... future 
forecast; foretell; predict.
  
After a model is identified as being a good
  predictor, it is used to forecast future sales.
  
After a model is identified as being a good
  
predictor, it is used to forecast sales. 

 foretell ... future 
forecast; foretell; predict.

 for ever and a day 
always; ceaselessly;
  
consistently; constantly; endlessly; eternally;
  
everlastingly; everyday; forever; invariably; never
  
ending; perpetually; routinely; unfailingly. 

 forevermore 
always; evermore; forever. I am not
  naive enough to think that we will forevermore walk
  hand in hand with the business community to clean
  the environment. 
I am not naive enough to think
  
that we will forever walk hand in hand with the
  
business community to clean the environment. 

 forewarn 
warn. 

 for example (for instance) 
say. When the scanner
  reads the bar code on, for example, a can of beans,
  the computer looks up the product number the bar
  code represents and returns its name and price to
  the register. 
When the scanner reads the bar code
  
on, say, a can of beans, the computer looks up the
  
product number the bar code represents and returns
  
its name and price to the register. 

 for example ... and others (and so forth; and so on;
  and such; and the like; et al.; etc.) 
and others
  
(and so forth; and so on; and such; and the like;
  
et al.; etc.); for example. Many other examples of
  the influence religion has on buyer behavior─for
  example, on values and norms, time, sense of self,
  and so forth─will be found in the following
  sections. 
Many other examples of the influence
  
religion has on buyer behavior─on values and norms,
  
time, sense of self, and so forth─will be found in
  
the following sections. ■ For example, you may
  create one directory to hold word processing
  documents, another to hold Applesoft programs, etc.
  
For example, you may create one directory to hold
  
word processing documents and another to hold
  
Applesoft programs. ■ For example, the first field
  in each record is field 1, the second field in each
  record is field 2, and so on. 
The first field in
  
each record is field 1, the second field in each
  
record is field 2, and so on. 

 for fear (that; of) ... can (could; may; might;
  shall; should; will; would) 
lest. IBM also wants
  its message to reach Europe's governments ahead of
  1992 for fear that they might favor national
  flagships as trade barriers come down across the
  European Community. 
IBM also wants its message to
  
reach Europe's governments ahead of 1992 lest they
  
favor national flagships as trade barriers come
  
down across the European Community. ■ Public
  officials are being discouraged from seeking
  psychological care for fear the very fact of
  seeking care will subject them to being labeled
  mentally ill and unfit for public service. 
Public
  
officials are being discouraged from seeking
  
psychological care lest the very fact of seeking
  
care subject them to being labeled mentally ill and
  
unfit for public service. ■ Few of us know what to
  say to friends who are mourning, so we may avoid
  them for fear we'll say the wrong thing. 
Few of us
  
know what to say to friends who are mourning, so we
  
may avoid them lest we say the wrong thing. 

 for free 
free. Purchasers of 1.0 versions will
  receive 1.1 upgrades for free from IBM. 
Purchasers
  
of 1.0 versions will receive free 1.1 upgrades from
  
IBM. ■ Now through November 13, whenever you buy a
  pair of Reeboks, you can get them painted for free.
  
Now through November 13, whenever you buy a pair
  
of Reeboks, you can get them painted free. 

 for (in; to) (the) furtherance of 
for; to advance;
  
to further; to promote. Neither the conspiracy
  itself nor the overt acts allegedly done in
  furtherance of it were directed toward Boisjoly.
  
Neither the conspiracy itself nor the overt acts
  
allegedly done to further it were directed toward
  
Boisjoly. ■ They shall administer the affairs of
  the Corporation, have the general direction,
  control, and management of the property of the
  Corporation, and employ personnel for the
  furtherance of the business of the Corporation.
  
They shall administer the affairs of the
  
Corporation, have the general direction, control,
  
and management of the property of the Corporation,
  
and employ personnel to advance the business of the
  
Corporation. 

 for (an) indefinite (indeterminate) amount of time
  (length of time; period; period of time; span of
  time; time; while) 
briefly; for a time; for a
  
while; indefinitely; temporarily. We can't have an
  open agenda of unknowns that frustrates private
  development for an indefinite period of time. 
We
  
can't have an open agenda of unknowns that
  
frustrates private development indefinitely. ■ We
  are freezing prices and wages for an indefinite
  period. 
We are freezing prices and wages
  
temporarily. 

 for instance ... and others (and so forth; and so
  on; and such; and the like; et al.; etc.) 
for
  
instance; and others (and so forth; and so on; and
  
such; and the like; et al.; etc.). Use one of
  these labels to assign a number and perhaps a
  descriptive title to each disk, for instance, Disk
  1: Letters, Disk 2: Spreadsheet Files, Disk 3:
  Reports, and so on. 
Use one of these labels to
  
assign a number and perhaps a descriptive title to
  
each disk, for instance, Disk 1: Letters, Disk 2:
  
Spreadsheet Files, and Disk 3: Reports. 

 for long 
long. If top executives cannot control
  their responsibilities, they usually do not remain
  in their positions for long. 
If top executives
  
cannot control their responsibilities, they usually
  
do not remain long in their positions. 

 form (a; the) judgment 
conclude; decide; deduce;
  
determine; infer; judge; reason; resolve; settle.

 form (a; the) opinion 
conclude; decide; deduce;
  
determine; infer; judge; reason; resolve; settle.

 form (a; the) resolution 
conclude; decide;
  
determine; resolve; settle. 

 formulate 
devise; form; make. Have you formulated
  no opinion about her? 
Have you formed no opinion
  
about her? ■ Conrail is already providing service
  via conventional trains and plans are being
  formulated for double-stack trains to serve those
  lines. 
Conrail is already providing service via
  
conventional trains and plans are being made for
  
double-stack trains to serve those lines. 

 for obvious reasons 
obviously. For obvious
  reasons, he wants to announce his choice at the
  convention. 
Obviously, he wants to announce his
  
choice at the convention. 

 for one ... (be) an example (an instance) 
(be) an
  
example (an instance); for one; one example (one
  
instance). The Massachusetts Industrial Services
  Program, for one, is an example of the kind of
  broad industrial extension service we think is
  needed to retool manufacturing facilities. 
The
  
Massachusetts Industrial Services Program is one
  
example of the kind of broad industrial extension
  
service we think is needed to retool manufacturing
  
facilities. 

 for one (thing) 
first. For one thing, a national
  program would have to be tailored to each state
  because the delivery of health-care services can
  differ significantly. 
First, a national program
  
would have to be tailored to each state because the
  
delivery of health-care services can differ
  
significantly. 

 for ... purposes (of) 
for; so as to; to. The
  trust may enter into futures contracts and options
  on futures contracts transactions only for purposes
  of hedging a part or all of its portfolio. 
The
  
trust may enter into futures contracts and options
  
on futures contracts transactions only to hedge a
  
part or all of its portfolio. ■ The money we
  receive from licensing John Wayne's image is used
  entirely for charitable purposes. 
The money we
  
receive from licensing John Wayne's image is used
  
entirely for charity. ■ The Iranian oil rigs have
  radar installations on them that are used for
  surveillance purposes. 
The Iranian oil rigs have
  
radar installations on them that are used for
  
surveillance. 

 for reasons of 
after; because of; by; for; from;
  
in; out of; through. When airlines have replaced
  older planes, they have done so primarily for
  reasons of economics─newer aircraft cost less to
  inspect and repair. 
When airlines have replaced
  
older planes, they have done so primarily because
  
of economics─newer aircraft cost less to inspect
  
and repair. ■ For reasons of compatibility,
  BASIC.SYSTEM also permits the use of the ,S# and
  ,D# parameters. 
For compatibility, BASIC.SYSTEM
  
also permits the use of the ,S# and ,D# parameters.

 for some time (now) 
long. I have enjoyed reading
  your articles for some time now. 
I have long
  
enjoyed reading your articles. ■ The telephone
  companies have been managing their buildings for
  some time. 
The telephone companies have long been
  
managing their buildings. 

 for that matter 
also; and; as well; besides;
  
beyond that (this); even; further; furthermore;
  
moreover; more than that (this); still more; then;
  
too; what is more; delete. How can they speak up
  and tell the South Africans what they should do
  with their people or, for that matter, what the
  Soviet Union should do with its Jewish population?
  
How can they speak up and tell the South Africans
  
what they should do with their people, or even what
  
the Soviet Union should do with its Jewish
  
population? ■ Saint-Saens, who was born in 1835
  and did not die until 1921, outlived Debussy; so,
  for that matter, did Indy, who was born 11 years
  before Debussy but lived on until 1931.
  
Saint-Saens, who was born in 1835 and did not die
  
until 1921, outlived Debussy; so, too, did Indy,
  
who was born 11 years before Debussy but lived on
  
until 1931. 

 for that (this) reason 
consequently; hence; so;
  
then; therefore; thus. For that reason, I wouldn't
  do it again. 
I therefore wouldn't do it again. ■
  You can receive but not send; for this reason,
  simplex is rarely used. 
You can receive but not
  
send; hence, simplex is rarely used. 

 for the first (last) time 
first (last). The
  series of studies were presented for the first time
  at the three-day conference. 
The series of studies
  
were first presented at the three-day conference.

 for the foreseeable future 
for a time; for a
  
while; for now; for many (several) months (years);
  
for six (two) months (years); for some time; for
  
the present; for the time being; temporarily. For
  the foreseeable future, participation in the stock
  market by small investors will remain depressed.
  
For a time, participation in the stock market by
  
small investors will remain depressed. ■ He said
  the company would continue to operate Wright Line
  for the foreseeable future. 
He said the company
  
would continue to operate Wright Line for the time
  
being. ■ If it succeeds, it could mark the end for
  the foreseeable future of serious attempts to build
  a toxic waste disposal facility. 
If it succeeds,
  
it could mark the end for a while of serious
  
attempts to build a toxic waste disposal facility.
  ■ He is one of those who believes that a recession
  can be avoided for the foreseeable future. 
He is
  
one of those who believes that a recession can be
  
avoided for now. 

 for the immediate future 
for a time; for a while;
  
for now; for many (several) months (years); for six
  
(two) months (years); for some time; for the
  
present; for the time being; temporarily. Several
  said they were canceling planned business trips for
  the immediate future. 
Several said they were
  
canceling planned business trips for the present.

 for the most part 
almost all; chiefly; commonly;
  
generally; greatly; in general; largely; mainly;
  
most; mostly; most often; much; nearly all;
  
normally; overall; typically; usually. Those
  problems for the most part have been overcome.
  
Those problems have been largely overcome. ■
  Doctors for the most part agree that circumcision
  is not necessary. 
Most doctors agree that
  
circumcision is not necessary. ■ For the most
  part, readers like the new investment page.
  
Readers generally like the new investment page. ■
  For the most part, post-modernist writing confesses
  (or celebrates!) helplessness. 
Typically,
  
post-modernist writing confesses (or celebrates!)
  
helplessness. ■ He forces people to make practical
  decisions, and for the most part it results in
  justice being done. 
He forces people to make
  
practical decisions, and usually it results in
  
justice being done. 

 for the (very) near future 
for a time; for a
  
while; for now; for many (several) months (years);
  
for six (two) months (years); for some time; for
  
the present; for the time being; temporarily.
  
While the analysts expected Kraft and General
  Foods to exist as separate entities for the near
  future, they said they did not expect the honeymoon
  to last forever. 
While the analysts expected Kraft
  
and General Foods to exist as separate entities for
  
now, they said they did not expect the honeymoon to
  
last forever. 

 for the not-so-distant (not-too-distant) future
  
for a time; for a while; for now; for many
  
(several) months (years); for six (two) months
  
(years); for some time; for the present; for the
  
time being; temporarily. 

 for the present 
for now; delete. Perhaps one day
  we shall find an Etruscan library, buried deep in
  the Italian countryside, but for the present, we
  have to make do with what we have, which is
  precious little. 
Perhaps one day we shall find an
  
Etruscan library, buried deep in the Italian
  
countryside, but for now, we have to make do with
  
what we have, which is precious little. 

 for the purpose of (-ing) 
for (-ing); so as to;
  
to. All deposited items are received for the
  purpose of collection, and all credits for
  deposited items are provisional. 
All deposited
  
items are received for collection, and all credits
  
for deposited items are provisional. ■ He
  purchased a hunting knife for the purpose of
  killing the victims and to protect him from others
  he believed were out to do him harm. 
He purchased
  
a hunting knife to kill the victims and to protect
  
him from others he believed were out to do him
  
harm. ■ The trust may not invest for the purpose
  of exercising control or management of any other
  issuer. 
The trust may not invest so as to exercise
  
control or management of any other issuer. 

 for the (simple) reason that 
because; considering;
  
for; in that; since. Normally, short-term
  Treasuries yield less than longer-term Treasuries,
  for the simple reason that investors demand to be
  rewarded for tying up their money in longer-term
  instruments. 
Normally, short-term Treasuries yield
  
less than longer-term Treasuries because investors
  
demand to be rewarded for tying up their money in
  
longer-term instruments. ■ Even children who
  attend the same school and have the same teachers
  experience different realities, for the simple
  reason that they are genetically different in
  temperament. 
Even children who attend the same
  
school and have the same teachers experience
  
different realities, for they are genetically
  
different in temperament. 

 for the sake of 
for; so as to; to. Most serial
  killers kill for the sake of sexual pleasure. 
Most
  
serial killers kill for sexual pleasure. ■ I have
  never found it necessary to practice ``defensive
  medicine,'' if that means doing that which would
  not otherwise be done solely for the sake of
  protecting oneself against possible legal action.
  
I have never found it necessary to practice
  
``defensive medicine,'' if that means doing that
  
which would not otherwise be done solely to protect
  
oneself against possible legal action. 

 for the time (while) being 
for now; for the
  
moment; for the present; delete. For the time
  being, look at the current PLOT ORIGIN and the
  SCALE. 
For the moment, look at the current PLOT
  
ORIGIN and the SCALE. ■ For the time being, AFSCME
  has garnered itself a win─but a small one. 
For
  
now, AFSCME has garnered itself a win─but a small
  
one. 

 for ... to come 
for. Each man, in his own way,
  will carry on the conservative viewpoint for years
  to come. 
Each man, in his own way, will carry on
  
the conservative viewpoint for years. ■ This can
  go on for generations to come. 
This can go on for
  
generations. ■ Now that the museum's mummies are
  preserved not only in sealed coffins but on film,
  their images, properly stored, should last for
  millennia to come. 
Now that the museum's mummies
  
are preserved not only in sealed coffins but on
  
film, their images, properly stored, should last
  
for millennia. 

 forward in (into) the future 
in (into) the future;
  
later. 

 for (many; several) years (now) 
long. The few
  policies I was able to get from SBLI have, for many
  years now, paid me an annual dividend, with no
  payment of any premium. 
The few policies I was
  
able to get from SBLI have long paid me an annual
  
dividend, with no payment of any premium. 

 for your information delete.  


  
fourthly 
fourth. 

 frame of mind 
attitude; belief; opinion; position;
  
posture; stand; standpoint; vantage; view;
  
viewpoint; delete.   

 fraught with meaning (significance) 
meaningful
  
(significant). If nothing else, the question is
  fraught with significance for Democrats trying to
  figure out whether to mount a campaign today that
  will peak three years from now. 
If nothing else,
  
the question is significant for Democrats trying to
  
figure out whether to mount a campaign today that
  
will peak three years from now. 

 free and gratis 
free. 

 free gift 
gift. For your free gift, fill out this
  form today. 
For your gift, fill out this form
  
today. 

 free of charge 
free. The energy audit and the
  weatherization services are provided free of charge
  to eligible households, and all work is performed
  by licensed contractors or agency crews. 
The
  
energy audit and the weatherization services are
  
provided free to eligible households, and all work
  
is performed by licensed contractors or agency
  
crews. ■ All meetings are free of charge and open
  to the public. 
All meetings are free and open to
  
the public. 

 free pass 
pass. 

 free up 
free. On some programs, rows and columns
  can be deleted to free up memory for new data on a
  model. 
On some programs, rows and columns can be
  
deleted to free memory for new data on a model. 

 freezing cold 
cold; freezing. It's freezing cold
  outside. 
It's freezing outside. 

 frequently 
often. Prosecutors and defense lawyers
  frequently call on psychologists and psychiatrists
  for opinions. 
Prosecutors and defense lawyers
  
often call on psychologists and psychiatrists for
  
opinions. ■ It is frequently altered by the
  activities of both man and nature. 
It is often
  
altered by the activities of both man and nature.

 from (a; the) ... aspect (of) 
as (does); as for;
  
as to; for; from; in; in that; -(al)ly; since; to;
  delete.  From a legal aspect, the joint venture
  falls under local company or corporation law when
  participation is in the form of equity. 
Legally,
  
the joint venture falls under local company or
  
corporation law when participation is in the form
  
of equity. ■ From the aspect of quality of
  technology, there are hardly any differences
  between the top sellers in the industry. 
In
  
quality of technology, there are hardly any
  
differences between the top sellers in the
  
industry. 

 from beginning to end 
all through; completely;
  
entirely; thoroughly; throughout; totally; wholly.

 from (a; the) ... distance of 
from; from ... away.
  
Most of the spectators watched from a distance of
  1,300 feet, while the Soviet observers viewed the
  firings from a concrete bunker. 
Most of the
  
spectators watched from 1,300 feet away, while the
  
Soviet observers viewed the firings from a concrete
  
bunker. 

 from hence 
hence. 

 from minute (moment) to minute (moment) 
directly;
  
momentarily; presently; soon. I expect them from
  moment to moment. 
I expect them momentarily. 

 from now (on) 
hence. 

 from ... on (onward) 
since. Other researchers had
  already confirmed that from 200 A.D. onward there
  had been human sacrifices of varying kinds. 
Other
  
researchers had already confirmed that since 200
  
A.D. there had been human sacrifices of varying
  
kinds. 

 from one ... to another 
between. Moving your
  funds from one institution to another is easy to
  do, and there is no tax liability or IRS penalty at
  all, if you follow the correct procedures. 
Moving
  
your funds between institutions is easy to do, and
  
there is no tax liability or IRS penalty at all, if
  
you follow the correct procedures. 

 from (a; the) ... perspective (of) 
as (does); as
  
for; as to; for; from; in; in that; -(al)ly; since;
  
to; delete.  From my perspective, trashing my
  system makes a lot of sense. 
Trashing my system
  
makes a lot of sense to me. ■ From an economic and
  educational perspective, life in the
  ``territories'' is better now than during Jordan's
  19-year rule. 
Economically and educationally, life
  
in the ``territories'' is better now than during
  
Jordan's 19-year rule. ■ From the investment
  banker's perspective, the private sector represents
  the most desirable clientele. 
For the investment
  
banker, the private sector represents the most
  
desirable clientele. 

 from (a; the) ... point of view (of) 
as (does); as
  
for; as to; for; from; in; in that; -(al)ly; since;
  
to; delete.  From a scientific point of view,
  there is no adequate definition of stress. 
There
  
is no adequate scientific definition of stress. ■
  It was an adventurous sort of life from my point of
  view. 
To me, it was an adventurous sort of life.
  ■ From our point of view, my losing my job was a
  blessing. 
For us, my losing my job was a
  
blessing. ■ From moral and humanistic points of
  view, receiving this information became more
  crucial as we watched SDI appropriations weighed
  against federal allocations for housing, education,
  transportation, and so on. 
Morally and
  
humanistically, receiving this information became
  
more crucial as we watched SDI appropriations
  
weighed against federal allocations for housing,
  
education, transportation, and so on. ■ You've got
  to look at it from an optimistic point of view.
  
You've got to look at it optimistically. ■ I try
  to see things from the customer's point of view. 
I
  
try to see things as the customer does. 

 from (a; the) ... standpoint (of) 
as (does); as
  
for; as to; for; from; in; in that; -(al)ly; since;
  
to; delete.  From a statistical standpoint, who is
  most vulnerable to colon-rectal cancer?
  
Statistically, who is most vulnerable to
  
colon-rectal cancer? ■ We should analyze each of
  the candidates from an ethical standpoint. 
We
  
should analyze the ethics of each candidate. ■ I
  have had some experience with grief from a personal
  standpoint. 
I have had some personal experience
  
with grief. ■ The proposed purchase price is
  indeed a good value from the city's standpoint.
  
The proposed purchase price is indeed a good value
  
for the city. ■ The deal makes great sense for us
  both from a strategic standpoint and an operating
  standpoint. 
The deal makes great sense for us both
  
strategically and operationally. ■ A move to
  Jacksonville will be highly profitable for the club
  and would be smart from a business standpoint. 
A
  
move to Jacksonville will be highly profitable for
  
the club and would be smart business. ■ From a
  medical standpoint, we don't have any evidence that
  the senator abuses alcohol. 
We don't have any
  
medical evidence that the senator abuses alcohol.

 from start to finish 
 all through; completely;
  
entirely; thoroughly; throughout; totally; wholly.

 from that day (moment; point; time) (forward; on;
  onward) 
from then (on); since; since then;
  delete.  From that point on, she hasn't said a word
  to me. 
Since then, she hasn't said a word to me.
  ■ But from that moment forward, everything moves
  more quickly. 
But from then on, everything moves
  
more quickly. 

 from the beginning (start) 
always. From the
  start, it has been a haven for those whose
  religions or political beliefs were not tolerated
  in their homelands. 
It has always been a haven for
  
those whose religions or political beliefs were not
  
tolerated in their homelands. ■ From the
  beginning, the first principle of those devising
  the bailout of the Federal Savings and Loan
  Insurance Corp. has been to stick the bill as close
  to the industry as possible. 
The first principle
  
of those devising the bailout of the Federal
  
Savings and Loan Insurance Corp. has always been to
  
stick the bill as close to the industry as
  
possible. 

 from (in) the following year 
from (in) (1991). 

 from (in) the preceding year 
from (in) (1989). At
  year-end 1987, 70,893 persons were employed within
  Ericsson, a decrease of 1,682 from the preceding
  year. 
At year-end 1987, 70,893 persons were
  
employed within Ericsson, a decrease of 1,682 from
  
1986. 

 from the time of 
since. 

 from this day (moment; point; time) (forward; on;
  onward) 
from now (on); hence; henceforth;
  
henceforward; delete. From this point on, elected
  students and faculty will be running the affairs of
  the school. 
Henceforth, elected students and
  
faculty will be running the affairs of the school.
  ■ That's up to the American people to decide from
  this point forward. 
That's up to the American
  
people to decide from now on. 

 from ... until 
from ... to. This book is
  intriguing because it also concerns the role of
  that on-again, off-again colonial revival in
  popular culture from 1876 until the present. 
This
  
book is intriguing because it also concerns the
  
role of that on-again, off-again colonial revival
  
in popular culture from 1876 to the present. 

 from (a; the) ... viewpoint (of) 
as (does); as
  
for; as to; for; from; in; in that; -(al)ly; since;
  
to; delete.  Its Category II products should be of
  respectable quality and, from the user's viewpoint,
  virtually indistinguishable from comparable
  products offered by competitors. 
Its Category II
  
products should be of respectable quality and, to
  
the users, virtually indistinguishable from
  
comparable products offered by competitors. ■ From
  a business viewpoint, it makes good sense to free
  minds from the drudgery of processing data and to
  engage them in finding new ways to apply that data.
  
It makes good sense for business to free minds
  
from the drudgery of processing data and to engage
  
them in finding new ways to apply that data.

 from whence 
whence. From whence did he draw his
  strength? 
Whence did he draw his strength? 

 full capacity 
capacity. Demand for petroleum
  products was so strong that refineries were
  operating at or near full capacity. 
Demand for
  
petroleum products was so strong that refineries
  
were operating at or near capacity. ■ The Large
  Electron-Positron collider should be operating at
  full capacity by October. 
The Large
  
Electron-Positron collider should be operating at
  
capacity by October. 

 full (maximum) potential (potentiality) 
potential
  
(potentiality). If we are to achieve our full
  potential, we must see beyond the routine. 
If we
  
are to achieve our potential, we must see beyond
  
the routine. ■ We have not yet pushed the
  instrument to its maximum potential. 
We have not
  
yet pushed the instrument to its potential. ■ It
  is an acceptance of one's strengths and limitations
  while at the same time struggling to grow toward
  one's full potentialities. 
It is an acceptance of
  
one's strengths and limitations while at the same
  
time struggling to grow toward one's
  
potentialities. 

 full satisfaction 
satisfaction. 

 fundamental 
basic; delete. 

 fundamental (and) basic 
basic; fundamental. These
  are fundamental and basic rights. 
These are basic
  
rights. 

 fundamental basis 
basis. Siemens sees this ISDN
  capability as providing the fundamental basis for a
  new generation of Centrex services, and the company
  views Centrex as a cornerstone EWSD service.
  
Siemens sees this ISDN capability as providing the
  
basis for a new generation of Centrex services, and
  
the company views Centrex as a cornerstone EWSD
  
service. 

 fundamental principle 
principle. 

 furiously angry 
angry; furious. She's furiously
  angry. 
She's furious. 

 further 
more. For further information, or free
  form samples, contact Deluxe at their toll-free
  number. 
For more information, or free form
  
samples, contact Deluxe at their toll-free number.

 furthermore 
also; and; as well; besides; even;
  
further; still more; then; too. Furthermore,
  foreign words may occasionally be used to convey an
  idea or attitude that is not readily served by an
  English translation. 
Foreign words may also
  
occasionally be used to convey an idea or attitude
  
that is not readily served by an English
  
translation. ■ Furthermore, some of the changes
  may reduce the extent to which issuers may issue
  tax-exempt bonds. 
Further, some of the changes may
  
reduce the extent to which issuers may issue
  
tax-exempt bonds. 

 fuse together 
fuse. Most metals, except for low-
  and medium-carbon steels, require fluxes to aid in
  the process of melting and fusing the metals
  together. 
Most metals, except for low- and
  
medium-carbon steels, require fluxes to aid in the
  
process of melting and fusing the metals. ■ Their
  laboratory experiments show that hydrogen atoms can
  be forced to fuse together inside a solid material
  rather than in the superhot gases that fusion
  researchers have used heretofore. 
Their laboratory
  
experiments show that hydrogen atoms can be forced
  
to fuse inside a solid material rather than in the
  
superhot gases that fusion researchers have used
  
heretofore. 

 future developments 
developments. 

 future plans 
plans. He said future plans call for
  the introduction of 2-Mb/s service in the switched
  network by 1992, which would mean videoconferences
  could be switched like normal phone calls. 
He said
  
plans call for the introduction of 2-Mb/s service
  
in the switched network by 1992, which would mean
  
videoconferences could be switched like normal
  
phone calls. 

 future projections 
projections. 

 future prospects 
prospects. Proponents of the
  information center concept, Atre Consultants are
  not overly romantic about its future prospects.
  
Proponents of the information center concept, Atre
  
Consultants are not overly romantic about its
  
prospects.

 G

 gather together 
gather. Various fields of a
  record are gathered together in a buffer before
  being sent out to the file on a single operation.
  
Various fields of a record are gathered in a
  
buffer before being sent out to the file on a
  
single operation. ■ In Dubai, about 400 relatives
  of the dead and their supporters gathered together
  for a memorial service at a large Shiite mosque.
  
In Dubai, about 400 relatives of the dead and
  
their supporters gathered for a memorial service at
  
a large Shiite mosque. 

 general consensus 
consensus. The general
  consensus among corporations is to be cautious
  about 1989. 
The consensus among corporations is to
  
be cautious about 1989. 

 general public 
public. 

 general rule 
rule. 

 general vicinity 
area; vicinity. 

 gentleman 
man. Nothing would give me greater
  pleasure than to see these gentlemen put out of
  business. 
Nothing would give me greater pleasure
  
than to see these men put out of business. 

 geographical 
geographic. Several large commercial
  banks provide economic data and forecasts for the
  geographical area they serve. 
Several large
  
commercial banks provide economic data and
  
forecasts for the geographic area they serve. 

 geological 
geologic. On-site geological studies
  would be needed to confirm an impact origin.
  
On-site geologic studies would be needed to
  
confirm an impact origin. 

 geometrical 
geometric. 

 get across 
convey; explain. There's an important
  element here that we need to get across. 
There's
  
an important element here that we need to convey.

 get divorced 
divorce. 

 get in touch with 
call; contact; phone; reach;
  
visit; write (to). Agency representatives with
  reports to enter can get in touch with him at (703)
  323-5711. 
Agency representatives with reports to
  
enter can reach him at [phone]. 

 get married 
marry. We plan to get married in the
  fall. 
We plan to marry in the fall. ■ An
  estimated 738,000 divorced women got married again
  last year, but a study suggests that remarriage
  will come late or never for many women who recently
  separated. 
An estimated 738,000 divorced women
  
married again last year, but a study suggests that
  
remarriage will come late or never for many women
  
who recently separated. 

 give (a; the) ... (for; of; to) delete. Give an
  estimate on the amount of time it will take and the
  number of people you will need. 
Estimate the
  
amount of time it will take and the number of
  
people you will need. ■ The Book of Leviticus
  gives a list of the women who are not available to
  marry certain men. 
The Book of Leviticus lists the
  
women who are not available to marry certain men.
  ■ The main purpose of choosing an outside auditor
  is to guarantee to insiders and interested
  outsiders that the financial data presented in
  financial documents give an accurate representation
  of events. 
The main purpose of choosing an outside
  
auditor is to guarantee to insiders and interested
  
outsiders that the financial data presented in
  
financial documents accurately represent events. ■
  They work hard; they deserve to be given
  compensation. 
They work hard; they deserve to be
  
compensated. ■ Did he give any indication of what
  he plans to do? 
Did he indicate what he plans to
  
do? ■ I'll give you a call at the end of the week.
  
I'll call you at the end of the week. ■ I hope
  you will give me consideration for diverse
  projects. 
I hope you will consider me for diverse
  
projects. ■ Once the source of conflict is cleared
  up, top managers can better evaluate whether the
  bank is giving the appropriate emphasis to each of
  its different units. 
Once the source of conflict
  
is cleared up, top managers can better evaluate
  
whether the bank is appropriately emphasizing each
  
of its different units. 

 give birth to 
bear. 

 given at (in) 
at (in). Since all limits are given
  in thousandths, the values can be converted by
  moving the decimal point three places to the left.
  
Since all limits are in thousandths, the values
  
can be converted by moving the decimal point three
  
places to the left. 

 given the fact that 
because; considering; for; in
  
that; since; when. Given the fact that the
  leadership here has been galvanized to action for
  some time, Boston is likely to remain the world
  capital of the biomedical sciences. 
Since the
  
leadership here has been galvanized to action for
  
some time, Boston is likely to remain the world
  
capital of the biomedical sciences. ■ Given the
  fact that she only read 400 pages of the book, she
  didn't do too badly. 
Considering she only read 400
  
pages of the book, she didn't do too badly. ■ He
  said he will continue to seek the $59 million
  originally targeted for the state, but he stressed
  it will be a hard sell given the fact that other
  cities are also clamoring for cash. 
He said he
  
will continue to seek the $59 million originally
  
targeted for the state, but he stressed it will be
  
a hard sell because other cities are also clamoring
  
for cash. 

 give rise to 
bear; cause. The researchers
  concluded that abnormalities in the
  neurotransmitter system may give rise to the
  depression in demented patients. 
The researchers
  
concluded that abnormalities in the
  
neurotransmitter system may cause the depression in
  
demented patients. 

 give ... consideration (thought; weight) to
  
consider; examine; ponder; reflect on; study;
  
weigh. Many small businesses and private
  individuals are giving serious consideration to
  their energy and resource needs for the year ahead.
  
Many small businesses and private individuals are
  
seriously considering their energy and resource
  
needs for the year ahead. ■ One might also give
  thought to the possibility that whatever energetic
  process produced the flash photolytic ``burn'' in
  the cloth might have dramatically altered both the
  atomic and molecular structure of the linen, thus
  resulting in faulty or artifactual carbon-14
  readings. 
One might also examine the possibility
  
that whatever energetic process produced the flash
  
photolytic ``burn'' in the cloth might have
  
dramatically altered both the atomic and molecular
  
structure of the linen, thus resulting in faulty or
  
artifactual carbon-14 readings. 

 go along with 
agree with; back; endorse; favor;
  
support. She absolutely would have gone along with
  the idea. 
She absolutely would have agreed with
  
the idea. ■ He was unwilling to say whether he
  would go along with such a recommendation. 
He was
  
unwilling to say whether he would support such a
  
recommendation. 

 (just) goes to show 
attests; proves; reveals;
  
shows; supports; verifies; delete.  It just goes
  to show that safety in driving is most important.
  
It shows that safety in driving is most
  
important. ■ It just goes to show what a
  difference there can be between people. 
It proves
  
what a difference there can be between people. 

 (it) goes without saying (that) 
clearly;
  
naturally; obviously; of course; plainly; delete.
  It goes without saying that the heart of
  constitutional democracy lies in public debate by
  an informed electorate. 
The heart of
  
constitutional democracy lies in public debate by
  
an informed electorate. ■ It goes without saying
  that in the case of purchasing equipment from
  abroad, it's a question of modern and
  high-technology equipment. 
Obviously, in the case
  
of purchasing equipment from abroad, it's a
  
question of modern and high-technology equipment.
  ■ This may go without saying, but I also look at a
  person's motivation, commitment, and energy.
  
Naturally, I also look at a person's motivation,
  
commitment, and energy. 

 go forward 
advance; go on; move on; proceed;
  
progress. There are too many negative effects on
  the immediate neighborhood to allow this to go
  forward. 
There are too many negative effects on
  
the immediate neighborhood to allow this to
  
progress. ■ We want the project to go forward as
  soon as possible, and we are confident that these
  issues can be addressed. 
We want the project to
  
proceed as soon as possible, and we are confident
  
that these issues can be addressed. 

 good and sufficient 
adequate; good; sufficient.
  
We think that the safety of present plants is good
  and sufficient. 
We think that the safety of
  
present plants is adequate. 

 go through ... experience 
experience; go through.
  
I think I'm a much better person for having gone
  through that experience. 
I think I'm a much better
  
person for having experienced that. 

 grateful thanks 
gratitude; thanks. 

 (a; the) great (large) fraction (of) 
a good
  
(great) deal (of); a good (great) many (of); almost
  
all (of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many (of); most
  
(of); much (of); nearly all (of); (43) of (48)
  
(of); ... percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds)
  
(of). Of the numerous complete fossils discovered
  in this quarry, a large fraction are either babies
  or mothers carrying young. 
Of the numerous
  
complete fossils discovered in this quarry, most
  
are either babies or mothers carrying young. ■ We
  are sacrificing a large fraction of our young
  people along the way. 
We are sacrificing many of
  
our young people along the way.

 H

 had ... then 
had. Had he exhibited the kind of
  behavior that would have warranted such a
  recommendation, then it would have been made. 
Had
  
he exhibited the kind of behavior that would have
  
warranted such a recommendation, it would have been
  
made. 

 hale and hearty 
hale; healthy; hearty; well. 

 half of 
half. More than half of the nearly 3
  million women-owned businesses had total annual
  sales of less than $5000. 
More than half the
  
nearly 3 million women-owned businesses had total
  
annual sales of less than $5000. ■ The menus
  occupy almost half of the screen display. 
The
  
menus occupy almost half the screen display. 

 harbinger of the future (of things to come)
  
harbinger; omen; sign. I hope it is a harbinger
  of the future. 
I hope it is an omen. ■ The mass
  gatherings and push-and-shove clashes following
  last week's abortion ruling appear to be harbingers
  of things to come. 
The mass gatherings and
  
push-and-shove clashes following last week's
  
abortion ruling appear to be harbingers. 

 hard and fast 
firm; fixed; steadfast; strict. 

 has (a; the) ... (about; for; of; on; over) delete.
  Maria and I will be having a talk in a few minutes.
  
Maria and I will be talking in a few minutes. ■
  Boston has the need for a new harbor tunnel.
  
Boston needs a new harbor tunnel. ■ The complete
  strategic partnering lawyer must also have a firm
  grasp of the fundamentals of the legal principles
  in Europe and in the Far East. 
The complete
  
strategic partnering lawyer must also firmly grasp
  
the fundamentals of the legal principles in Europe
  
and in the Far East. ■ He has control over the
  entire program. 
He controls the entire program. ■
  If you have intentions of going, you should make
  your reservations now. 
If you intend to go, you
  
should make your reservations now. ■ A lot of new
  jobs for people who want them is a goal worth
  having. 
A lot of new jobs for people who want them
  
is a worthy goal. 

 has a bearing on (upon) 
acts on; affects; bears
  
on; influences. What we are learning about
  primates and other social species has a direct
  bearing on our own species. 
What we are learning
  
about primates and other social species directly
  
bears on our own species. ■ The global company's
  management has attitudes toward doing business
  overseas that have a bearing on the strategy
  formulation process used. 
The global company's
  
management has attitudes toward doing business
  
overseas that act on the strategy formulation
  
process used. ■ The degree of stability or
  uncertainty in the economic and political
  dimensions of the environment has a direct bearing
  on the form of market presence to be established.
  
The degree of stability or uncertainty in the
  
economic and political dimensions of the
  
environment directly affects the form of market
  
presence to be established. 

 has a (the) capability to 
can; is able to. 

 has a difference of opinion with 
differs;
  
disagrees with; disputes; objects to; opposes. We
  have a difference of opinion with the decision the
  judge made. 
We disagree with the decision the
  
judge made. 

 has a (the) habit of (-ing) 
tends to; will. He
  has a habit of biting his nails. 
He tends to bite
  
his nails. 

 has an (the) ability to 
can; is able to. Eighty
  percent of the retail deposit accounts have the
  ability to be accessed by a debit card even though
  actual usage is much less. 
Eighty percent of the
  
retail deposit accounts can be accessed by a debit
  
card even though actual usage is much less. ■
  Almost all body cells have the ability to
  accommodate environmental demands by two primary
  mechanisms: cell hypertrophy and cell hyperplasia.
  
Almost all body cells are able to accommodate
  
environmental demands by two primary mechanisms:
  
cell hypertrophy and cell hyperplasia. 

 has an (the) appreciation for 
appreciates;
  
approves of; cherishes; enjoys; esteems; likes;
  
prizes; treasures; understands; values. Most
  people don't have an appreciation for esoteric
  beliefs. 
Most people don't appreciate esoteric
  
beliefs. 

 has a (the) preference for 
favors; prefers. By
  now, you will have gathered that I have a strong
  preference for organization along functional lines.
  
By now, you will have gathered that I strongly
  
prefer organization along functional lines. ■ In a
  survey of management executives, 67 percent of the
  respondents have a preference for the
  rational/logical decision model. 
In a survey of
  
management executives, 67 percent of the
  
respondents favor the rational/logical decision
  
model. 

 has a (the) tendency (to) 
tends to; will. In one
  respect, market share is synonymous with published
  league tables because clients have a tendency to
  read them. 
In one respect, market share is
  
synonymous with published league tables because
  
clients tend to read them. ■ As a community, the
  Basques have a tendency to be healthy and
  long-lived. 
As a community, the Basques tend to be
  
healthy and long-lived. ■ Narcissistic people also
  have a tendency to be extremely ambitious.
  
Narcissistic people also tend to be extremely
  
ambitious. 

 has (a) ... effect on (upon) 
acts on; affects;
  
bears on; influences; delete. Inaccurate
  information on costs, capital, personnel, time
  needed, historical performances, or potential
  developments in the economy can have devastating
  effects on plans. 
Inaccurate information on costs,
  
capital, personnel, time needed, historical
  
performances, or potential developments in the
  
economy can devastate plans. ■ Human activity is
  changing the composition of the atmosphere in ways
  that could have profound effects upon life on the
  Earth. 
Human activity is changing the composition
  
of the atmosphere in ways that could profoundly
  
affect life on the Earth. ■ Over the past twenty
  years, the U.S. economy has had a significant
  effect on the Amish way of life. 
Over the past
  
twenty years, the U.S. economy has significantly
  
influenced the Amish way of life. 

 has got 
has. 

 has (a) ... impact (on; upon) 
acts on; affects;
  
bears on; influences; delete.  It has a direct
  impact on the majority of the American people. 
It
  
directly affects the majority of the American
  
people. ■ Your tone of voice, expression, and
  apparent receptiveness to others' responses all
  have a tremendous impact upon those you wish to
  reach. 
Your tone of voice, expression, and
  
apparent receptiveness to others' responses all
  
tremendously influence those you wish to reach. ■
  The global marketing manager must be sensitive to
  fundamental institutions and systems that transcend
  national boundaries and have an impact on
  international business activities. 
The global
  
marketing manager must be sensitive to fundamental
  
institutions and systems that transcend national
  
boundaries and bear on international business
  
activities. 

 has (a) ... influence on (upon) 
acts on; affects;
  
bears on; influences; delete.  Management was
  alerted to the fact that the social environment of
  employees had a great influence on productivity.
  
Management was alerted to the fact that the social
  
environment of employees greatly affected
  
productivity. ■ In combination, these three
  components of the global marketing mission have a
  strong influence on the structure and content of
  the company's core marketing strategy. 
In
  
combination, these three components of the global
  
marketing mission strongly influence the structure
  
and content of the company's core marketing
  
strategy. ■ This will have an influence on the
  college labor market since two-thirds of all
  college graduates work in the service industry.
  
This will bear on the college labor market since
  
two-thirds of all college graduates work in the
  
service industry. 

 has only to 
need only. To view any of the
  channels available, you have only to switch between
  channels. 
To view any of the channels available,
  
you need only switch between channels. 

 has reference to 
concerns; deals with; is about;
  
pertains to; regards; relates to. 

 has the effect of -ing delete. The trust presently
  has certain antitakeover provisions in its
  declaration that could have the effect of limiting
  the ability of other entities or persons to acquire
  control of the trust. 
The trust presently has
  
certain antitakeover provisions in its declaration
  
that could limit the ability of other entities or
  
persons to acquire control of the trust. ■ Such a
  slowdown would have the effect of easing
  inflationary fears. 
Such a slowdown would ease
  
inflationary fears. 

 has (got) to 
must. I have to be going. 
I must be
  
going. ■ The empty labs are a problem that
  hospitals and patients alike have got to deal with.
  
The empty labs are a problem that hospitals and
  
patients alike must deal with. 

 (that) has to do with 
concerns; deals with; is
  
about; pertains to; regards; relates to. The key
  to their maintaining a high degree of
  competitiveness has to do with how effective they
  are in leveraging via others. 
The key to their
  
maintaining a high degree of competitiveness
  
concerns how effective they are in leveraging via
  
others. ■ The more interesting issue has to do
  with what Europe gained during those 15 years of
  zero employment growth. 
The more interesting issue
  
deals with what Europe gained during those 15 years
  
of zero employment growth. ■ You raise another
  question that has to do with the confusion patients
  experience when their doctors don't agree. 
You
  
raise another question about the confusion patients
  
experience when their doctors don't agree. ■ The
  first has to do with the relative merits of CD
  versus analog. 
The first pertains to the relative
  
merits of CD versus analog. 

 have (possess) ... in common 
share. We have no
  interests in common. 
We share no interests. ■ Her
  philosophy had more in common with the
  neo-radicalism of American politics than with
  European traditions of social or Christian
  democracy. 
Her philosophy shared more with the
  
neo-radicalism of American politics than with
  
European traditions of social or Christian
  
democracy. 

 have ... in (my) possession 
have; possess. I have
  made it my practice not to ask a grand jury to
  indict a case unless I have evidence in my
  possession that would permit me to argue in good
  faith to the trial jury that they should find the
  defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. 
I have
  
made it my practice not to ask a grand jury to
  
indict a case unless I have evidence that would
  
permit me to argue in good faith to the trial jury
  
that they should find the defendant guilty beyond a
  
reasonable doubt. ■ We now have in our possession
  a class of machines that are right around energy
  breakeven. 
We now possess a class of machines that
  
are right around energy breakeven. 

 head up 
direct; head; lead. George Bush headed up
  the committee that eliminated those regulations.
  
George Bush headed the committee that eliminated
  
those regulations. 

 heat up 
heat. I just threw it all together and
  then heated it up. 
I just threw it all together
  
and then heated it. 

 (a; the) height of delete. The stratosphere is one
  of the middle layers of the atmosphere that starts
  some 15 kilometers above Earth's surface and
  extends to a height of about 50 kilometers. 
The
  
stratosphere is one of the middle layers of the
  
atmosphere that starts some 15 kilometers above
  
Earth's surface and extends to about 50 kilometers.

 help in (of) -ing 
help (-ing). Those who have no
  diversions or hobbies may need help in selecting
  appropriate activities. 
Those who have no
  
diversions or hobbies may need help selecting
  
appropriate activities. ■ The work may also help
  in tracking down inherited influences in mental
  diseases. 
The work may also help track down
  
inherited influences in mental diseases. 

 help out 
help. They're very eager to help out.
  
They're very eager to help. 

 help ... to 
help. Following these guidelines may
  help to cut down on the amount of aspirin you need.
  
Following these guidelines may help cut down on
  
the amount of aspirin you need. ■ International
  business is not a panacea that will help a firm
  with a weak domestic base to pull itself up into
  the major leagues. 
International business is not a
  
panacea that will help a firm with a weak domestic
  
base pull itself up into the major leagues. 

 henceforth (henceforward) 
hence. 

 here delete. These examples here were borrowed from
  Fowler. 
These examples were borrowed from Fowler.

 hereafter 
hence. 

 (the) here and now 
(just; right) now; presently;
  
the present. 

 high and dry 
alone; helpless; powerless. 

 high and low 
everywhere. 

 high and mighty 
arrogant; dogmatic; domineering;
  
haughty. 

 (a; the) high degree (of) 
abundant; a good (great)
  
deal (of); a good (great) many (of); ample; great;
  
high; many (of); marked; most (of); much (of);
  
salient; striking; vast; delete.  We recognize
  that banks retain a close and often emotional link
  to the consumer, offering traditional services and
  a very high degree of trust. 
We recognize that
  
banks retain a close and often emotional link to
  
the consumer, offering traditional services and
  
much trust. ■ One of the distinguishing
  characteristics of the Eurobond market is its high
  degree of competitiveness. 
One of the
  
distinguishing characteristics of the Eurobond
  
market is it marked competitiveness. ■ He surveyed
  510 high school juniors and seniors and found a
  high degree of anxiety about making the right
  career decisions and earning enough money. 
He
  
surveyed 510 high school juniors and seniors and
  
found high anxiety about making the right career
  
decisions and earning enough money. ■ This kind of
  lifestyle requires that you have a high degree of
  self-esteem. 
This kind of lifestyle requires that
  
you have ample self-esteem. 

 (a; the) high level (of) 
abundant; a good (great)
  
deal (of); a good (great) many (of); ample; great;
  
high; many (of); marked; most (of); much (of);
  
salient; striking; vast; delete.  The London
  merchant banks have a very high level of expertise.
  
The London merchant banks have vast expertise. ■
  In less than 20 years, this product has achieved a
  high level of visibility in the industry. 
In less
  
than 20 years, this product has achieved much
  
visibility in the industry. ■ It has also suffered
  from a high level of passenger complaints over its
  service. 
It has also suffered from many passenger
  
complaints over its service. 

 (a; the) high number (of) 
a good (great) many
  
(of); almost all; countless; dozens (of); hundreds
  
(of); many (of); millions (of); most (of); nearly
  
all (of); numerous; scores (of); six hundred
  
(twelve hundred) (of); thousands (of). Hampton's
  high number of published recordings further
  supports the idea that he has spent several decades
  sharing his vibe playing with those who would
  listen. 
Hampton's numerous published recordings
  
further supports the idea that he has spent several
  
decades sharing his vibe playing with those who
  
would listen. 

 (a; the) high percentage (of) 
a good (great) deal
  
(of); a good (great) many (of); almost all (of);
  
(nine) in (ten) (of); many (of); most (of); much
  
(of); nearly all (of); (43) of (48) (of); ...
  
percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds) (of). A
  high percentage of those who test positive do
  develop the AIDS antibody. 
Most of those who test
  
positive do develop the AIDS antibody. ■ That
  probably is excellent advice, if these bonds
  represent a high percentage of your total
  investments. 
That probably is excellent advice, if
  
these bonds represent much of your total
  
investments. ■ A high percentage of the people in
  this community have seen a nurse practitioner at
  one time or another. 
Forty percent of the people
  
in this community have seen a nurse practitioner at
  
one time or another. 

 (a; the) high proportion (of) 
a good (great) deal
  
(of); a good (great) many (of); almost all (of);
  
(nine) in (ten) (of); many (of); most (of); much
  
(of); nearly all (of); (43) of (48) (of); ...
  
percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds) (of). In
  the pharmaceutical industry, most companies devote
  a high proportion of their budgets to R&D
  expenditures. 
In the pharmaceutical industry, most
  
companies devote much of their budgets to R&D
  
expenditures. ■ A high proportion of Americans
  view the prospect of speaking in public as a fate
  worse than death. 
Nearly all Americans view the
  
prospect of speaking in public as a fate worse than
  
death. 

 hired mercenary 
mercenary. 

 historical experience 
experience; history. The
  quote could be misconstrued to leave the impression
  that we made an explicit assumption that was at
  odds with recent historical experience. 
The quote
  
could be misconstrued to leave the impression that
  
we made an explicit assumption that was at odds
  
with recent experience. ■ A person's, or a
  nation's, historical experience and the degree to
  which either has confronted evil apparently play
  major roles in determining perspective. 
A
  
person's, or a nation's, history and the degree to
  
which either has confronted evil apparently play
  
major roles in determining perspective. ■
  Marriage, like growing old, can be among the most
  relentless historical experiences. 
Marriage, like
  
growing old, can be among the most relentless
  
experiences. 

 historical precedent 
history; precedent. We are
  unaware of any historical precedent that has seen a
  nation indefinitely borrow and consume its way to
  prosperity. 
We are unaware of any precedent that
  
has seen a nation indefinitely borrow and consume
  
its way to prosperity. 

 historical record 
history; record. Mr. Macdonald
  is too young to have known this, but neither youth
  nor filial piety justifies distorting the
  historical record. 
Mr. Macdonald is too young to
  
have known this, but neither youth nor filial piety
  
justifies distorting the record. ■ Given the
  historical record of the PLO and its commitment to
  terrorism, Arafat's allies in the United Nations do
  not deny his support of terrorism in the Middle
  East. 
Given the history of the PLO and its
  
commitment to terrorism, Arafat's allies in the
  
United Nations do not deny his support of terrorism
  
in the Middle East. 

 hoist up 
hoist. 

 hold a meeting 
meet. 

 hold (to) the view (that) 
assert; believe; claim;
  
consider; contend; feel; hold; judge; maintain;
  
regard; say; think; to; view. Most utility
  regulators and economists hold to the view that
  electric utilities are ``natural monopolies.''
  
Most utility regulators and economists hold that
  
electric utilities are ``natural monopolies.'' 

 hold (to) the opinion (that) 
assert; believe;
  
claim; consider; contend; feel; hold; judge;
  
maintain; regard; say; think; to; view. 

 hold true 
hold. As we age, our muscles become
  weaker and more easily tired, and the same holds
  true for polio victims. 
As we age, our muscles
  
become weaker and more easily tired, and the same
  
holds for polio victims. ■ If the latter
  conclusion holds true, a 3,000-year span separated
  early cultivation efforts and the appearance of
  full-scale agriculture in the same region. 
If the
  
latter conclusion holds, a 3,000-year span
  
separated early cultivation efforts and the
  
appearance of full-scale agriculture in the same
  
region. 

 hollow tube 
tube. 

 honestly and truly 
honestly; truly; truthfully. 

 (the) honest truth 
honestly; truly; (the) truth;
  
truthfully. The person you're interviewing doesn't
  want you to discover the honest truth. 
The person
  
you're interviewing doesn't want you to discover
  
the truth. 

 hope and expect (expectation) 
expect
  
(expectation); hope; trust. With the reputation
  that ABC has earned in the past decade, we hope and
  expect it will be more than song and dance. 
With
  
the reputation that ABC has earned in the past
  
decade, we trust it will be more than song and
  
dance. ■ We hope and expect that we can put
  together a good, solid plan. 
We expect that we can
  
put together a good, solid plan. 

 hopefully 
(I; we) hope; delete.  Today,
  hopefully, we have some answers to these problems.
  
Today, I hope, we have some answers to these
  
problems. ■ Hopefully, the governor will feel
  enough heat to sign the bill. 
We hope the governor
  
will feel enough heat to sign the bill. 

 how do (you) go about (-ing) 
how do (you). How do
  you go about getting an income tax extension? 
How
  
do you get an income tax extension? 

 however 
but; still; though; yet; delete.  When
  you use these programs, however, you do not always
  have to use all the commands. 
But when you use
  
these programs, you do not always have to use all
  
the commands. ■ However, in reality, most prisons
  are notorious for corrupting what is left of an
  inmate's virtue and allow little opportunity for
  free exercise of individual will. 
Yet in reality,
  
most prisons are notorious for corrupting what is
  
left of an inmate's virtue and allow little
  
opportunity for free exercise of individual will.

 how in God's (heaven's) name 
however; how ever. 

 how in the world (on earth) 
however; how ever.
  
How in the world did you manage that? 
However did
  
you manage that? ■ How on earth did matters reach
  this sorry point, and what might the repercussions
  be? 
How did matters ever reach this sorry point,
  
and what might the repercussions be? 

 how is it (that) 
how come; why. 

 howsoever 
however. 

 hue and cry 
clamor; hubbub; outcry. He moved to
  stem the hue and cry by saying that the House would
  vote next week on trimming the raise to 30 percent.
  
He moved to stem the outcry by saying that the
  
House would vote next week on trimming the raise to
  
30 percent. 

 huge throng 
throng. 

 human being 
being; female; human; male; man;
  
person; woman. Such a statement is beneath the
  dignity of any civilized human being. 
Such a
  
statement is beneath the dignity of any civilized
  
person. 

 human resources 
employees; people; persons;
  
workers. If the company does not have enough human
  resources to meet future needs, it must begin
  hiring them. 
If the company does not have enough
  
employees to meet future needs, it must begin
  
hiring them. 

 humongous 
big; giant; grand; great; huge; immense;
  
large; mammoth; mighty; monstrous. It's a
  humongous amount, oceans and oceans of material.
  
It's a huge amount, oceans and oceans of material.

 hurry up 
hurry.

 I

 identical (identically) match 
duplicate; exact;
  
identical; match; (the) same. 

 identical (identically) (the) same 
duplicate;
  
exact; identical; match; (the) same. The operating
  system assumes they are the same file because the
  first eight characters are identically the same.
  
The operating system assumes they are the same
  
file because the first eight characters are
  
identical. 

 I do not think so 
I think not. 

 I don't think 
I doubt; I think; delete.  If Dole
  doesn't act more civilized, he's not going to make
  it, I don't think. 
If Dole doesn't act more
  
civilized, he's not going to make it. ■ Technology
  is not now being taxed, and I don't think it will
  ever be taxed in the supply of these services.
  
Technology is not now being taxed, and I doubt it
  
will ever be taxed in the supply of these services.

 if and only if 
if; only if. It is agreed that the
  premiums stated in the Coverage Selections page are
  subject to recomputation if, and only if, the rates
  fixed and established are found not to meet the
  requirements of state law. 
It is agreed that the
  
premiums stated in the Coverage Selections page are
  
subject to recomputation only if the rates fixed
  
and established are found not to meet the
  
requirements of state law. 

 if and (or) when 
if; when. To use a program, it
  is not necessary for you to know all the commands
  because many of them are for advanced features that
  you learn if and when you need them. 
To use a
  
program, it is not necessary for you to know all
  
the commands because many of them are for advanced
  
features that you learn if you need them. 

 if by way of hypothesis (supposition) 
assuming
  
(that); supposing (that). 

 if ... had 
had. It would be unrealistic to claim
  that all the employees are as well off today as
  they would have been if the brewery had stayed
  open. 
It would be unrealistic to claim that all
  
the employees are as well off today as they would
  
have been had the brewery stayed open. 

 if in return 
if. I would guess that most of us
  would happily compromise our abstract essence of
  moral agency if, in return, we were allowed to
  avoid a prison term. 
I would guess that most of us
  
would happily compromise our abstract essence of
  
moral agency if we were allowed to avoid a prison
  
term. ■ I will ask him if you in return will stop
  talking about him. 
I will ask him if you will stop
  
talking about him. 

 if it were not for 
but for; except for. The loss
  would have been $261 million if it were not for an
  accounting change related to the treatment of
  income taxes. 
The loss would have been $261
  
million but for an accounting change related to the
  
treatment of income taxes. 

 ifs, ands, or buts 
conditions. 

 if ... should 
should. We will be alert to other
  opportunities if this one should collapse. 
We will
  
be alert to other opportunities should this one
  
collapse. 

 if ... then 
if. If he tells you he doesn't ever
  want to have children, then you will have to make a
  decision. 
If he tells you he doesn't ever want to
  
have children, you will have to make a decision. ■
  If you want the government to disapprove a given
  merger, then you must ask the government to make
  sure that neither party in the merger goes out of
  business. 
If you want the government to disapprove
  
a given merger, you must ask the government to make
  
sure that neither party in the merger goes out of
  
business. 

 if that (this) is the case (situation) 
if so. 

 if that (this) is true 
if so. 

 if ... were 
should; were. We have never
  experienced the slightest hint of pressure from any
  of our funders and would immediately reject both
  the pressure and the money if that were ever to
  occur. 
We have never experienced the slightest
  
hint of pressure from any of our funders and would
  
immediately reject both the pressure and the money
  
should that ever occur. ■ If that were the only
  penalty, I would settle for keeping 22 cents on the
  dollar. 
Were that the only penalty, I would settle
  
for keeping 22 cents on the dollar. 

 I'll (let me) tell you (something) delete.  


  
illustrative example 
example. From the Software
  Library, you can download illustrative code
  examples and the latest technical specifications.
  
From the Software Library, you can download code
  
examples and the latest technical specifications.

 I'm curious why 
why. I'm curious why you want to
  see him. 
Why do you want to see him? ■ I am
  curious why Fidelity is requiring me to give them
  confidential information on my employment history
  and income. 
Why is Fidelity requiring me to give
  
them confidential information on my employment
  
history and income? 

 I mean delete.  


  
immunological 
immunologic. 

 impact (on; upon) 
(v) act on; affect; bear on;
  
influence. It's the numbers that impact on all of
  us. 
It's the numbers that influence all of us. ■
  Stress most often impacts upon people who have an
  all-or-nothing achievement perspective, a
  low-frustration tolerance, limited coping skills, a
  limited support group, and a cutthroat approach
  toward others. 
Stress most often affects people
  
who have an all-or-nothing achievement perspective,
  
a low-frustration tolerance, limited coping skills,
  
a limited support group, and a cutthroat approach
  
toward others. 

 implement 
achieve; complete; effect; fulfill;
  
make; perform; produce; realize.

 importance 
import; moment. 

 important essentials 
essentials. 

 (an; the) important ... for (in; of; to) 
important
  
for (to). Because decision making is an important
  element of a manager's job, we need to discover
  anything that can improve the quality of decision
  making. 
Because decision making is important to a
  
manager's job, we need to discover anything that
  
can improve the quality of decision making. ■
  Their willingness to commit capital was an
  important factor for success. 
Their willingness to
  
commit capital was important for success. ■
  Because we organize our activities well in advance,
  the schedule is an important aspect in the
  preparation of an article. 
Because we organize our
  
activities well in advance, the schedule is
  
important to the preparation of an article. ■
  Certainly, overall physical health is an important
  component in any society. 
Certainly, overall
  
physical health is important to any society. 

 important significance 
consequence; importance;
  
significance. 

 in (on; with) (a; the) ... (of; that) 
-ing (that).
  
Now researchers are testing a promising vaccine
  given to pregnant women in the hope that maternal
  antibodies passed on to the developing fetus will
  protect it from GBS infection during the first
  months of life outside the womb. 
Now researchers
  
are testing a promising vaccine given to pregnant
  
women hoping that maternal antibodies passed on to
  
the developing fetus will protect it from GBS
  
infection during the first months of life outside
  
the womb. ■ Since 1973, the United States has
  gotten almost all of its supply from volunteers, in
  the belief that an unpaid donor is unlikely to
  offer blood if he or she is sick. 
Since 1973, the
  
United States has gotten almost all of its supply
  
from volunteers, believing an unpaid donor is
  
unlikely to offer blood if he or she is sick. ■
  These same people are making significant
  international dispositions on the expectation that
  Japan will continue to be the world's largest
  creditor. 
These same people are making significant
  
international dispositions expecting that Japan
  
will continue to be the world's largest creditor.
  ■ In the 1980s, many people made plans on the
  assumption that oil prices would exceed $75 per
  barrel by 1990. 
In the 1980s, many people made
  
plans assuming that oil prices would exceed $75 per
  
barrel by 1990. 

 in a bad mood 
angry; dejected; depressed;
  
displeased; downcast; glum; grouchy; sad; unhappy;
  
vexed.

 in (a; the) ... capacity (function; position; role)
  as 
as (a; the). 

 in accord (accordance) with 
according to; by;
  
following; in keeping with; in line with; in step
  
with; to; under. Working drawings describe the
  details of a part or project so that construction
  can be performed in accordance with specifications.
  
Working drawings describe the details of a part or
  
project so that construction can be performed to
  
specifications. ■ The net proceeds of the offering
  will be invested in accordance with the trust's
  investment objectives and policies. 
The net
  
proceeds of the offering will be invested in
  
keeping with the trust's investment objectives and
  
policies. ■ Once accurate forecasts of sales
  income are available, money can be allocated to the
  various parts of the enterprise in accordance with
  some formula. 
Once accurate forecasts of sales
  
income are available, money can be allocated to the
  
various parts of the enterprise following some
  
formula. ■ This document shall be governed and
  construed in accordance with the laws of the State
  of Utah. 
This document shall be governed and
  
construed under the laws of the State of Utah. 

 in a class by itself 
matchless; novel; peerless;
  
singular; special; unequaled; unique; unmatched;
  
unrivaled. 

 in a (the) ... condition delete. The Tenant must
  keep the Apartment in a clean and sanitary
  condition, free of garbage, rubbish, and other
  filth. 
The Tenant must keep the Apartment clean
  
and sanitary, free of garbage, rubbish, and other
  
filth. 

 in actual fact 
actually; indeed; in fact; in
  
faith; in reality; in truth; really; truly;
  delete.  And, in actual fact, the copywriter who
  created the spots and several other people who
  worked on it are also Catholic. 
And, in fact, the
  
copywriter who created the spots and several other
  
people who worked on it are also Catholic. 

 in actuality 
actually; indeed; in fact; in faith;
  
in truth; really; truly; delete.  It is possible
  that each member might do parts of jobs that each
  thought important to meet the objectives, whereas
  in actuality, the members might be working in
  opposite directions. 
It is possible that each
  
member might do parts of jobs that each thought
  
important to meet the objectives, whereas in truth,
  
the members might be working in opposite
  
directions. ■ This looks like a very simple
  process, but in actuality it is very sensitive.
  
This looks like a very simple process, but
  
actually it is very sensitive. ■ In actuality,
  such a situation seldom occurs. 
In fact, such a
  
situation seldom occurs. 

 in addition 
also; and; as well; besides; beyond
  
that (this); even; further; furthermore; moreover;
  
more than that (this); still more; then; too; what
  
is more. In addition, we reviewed several net
  present value models. 
We even reviewed several net
  
present value models. ■ In addition, Lotus 1-2-3
  Release 3 gives users more spreadsheet power with
  several new features. 
And Lotus 1-2-3 Release 3
  
gives users more spreadsheet power with several new
  
features. ■ In addition, direct communication
  between countries is not always easy. 
What's more,
  
direct communication between countries is not
  
always easy. ■ In addition, the chart is a
  trouble-shooting tool. 
The chart is a
  
trouble-shooting tool as well. 

 in addition to 
besides; beyond. In addition to
  widening the marketplace, deregulation has provided
  increased opportunities for diversification and
  development of new revenue sources. 
Beyond
  
widening the marketplace, deregulation has provided
  
increased opportunities for diversification and
  
development of new revenue sources. ■ In addition
  to using words to communicate, all of us talk with
  our body poses and facial expressions. 
Besides
  
using words to communicate, all of us talk with our
  
body poses and facial expressions. 

 in addition to ... also (as well) 
besides; beyond;
  
in addition to. In addition to measuring a
  computer in terms of its memory and processing
  speed, we must also analyze the computer's ability
  to handle list processing. 
In addition to
  
measuring a computer in terms of its memory and
  
processing speed, we must analyze the computer's
  
ability to handle list processing. ■ In addition
  to its marketing strategy responsibilities, the
  global marketing management is also responsible for
  the development and maintenance of the company's
  overall competitive advantages across and within
  all its markets. 
Besides its marketing strategy
  
responsibilities, the global marketing management
  
is responsible for the development and maintenance
  
of the company's overall competitive advantages
  
across and within all its markets. 

 in a (the) ... direction delete. Vertical lines are
  drawn along the left side of a triangle in an
  upward direction. 
Vertical lines are drawn upward
  
along the left side of a triangle. ■ Ribs are not
  section-lined when the cutting plane passes in a
  flatwise direction through them. 
Ribs are not
  
section-lined when the cutting plane passes
  
flatwise through them. ■ Flow in the horizontal
  direction is affected by at least two types of
  boundaries. 
Horizontal flow is affected by at
  
least two types of boundaries. 

 in advance 
before; beforehand; earlier; sooner;
  
delete. If I'd known in advance that out of every
  100 books published, only one becomes a best
  seller, I wouldn't have started a book. 
If I'd
  
known sooner that out of every 100 books published,
  
only one becomes a best seller, I wouldn't have
  
started a book. ■ Because of inflation, there is
  no way of telling in advance how much purchasing
  power these dollars will have. 
Because of
  
inflation, there is no way of telling beforehand
  
how much purchasing power these dollars will have.

 in advance of 
ahead of; before. In advance of our
  first break, let me introduce Thomas Armstrong,
  Ph.D., a learning and education specialist. 
Before
  
our first break, let me introduce Thomas Armstrong,
  
Ph.D., a learning and education specialist. ■ The
  Department of Elder Affairs should distribute
  material about coping with climate extremes well in
  advance of the change of seasons. 
The Department
  
of Elder Affairs should distribute material about
  
coping with climate extremes well before the change
  
of seasons. 

 inadvertent (unintended; unintentional) oversight
  
oversight. 

 in a (the) fashion (manner; way) (in which; that)
  
as; like. It seems to make more sense to be
  positioned as a responsive communications expert,
  with capability to serve the customer's needs in
  the manner in which the customer desires. 
It seems
  
to make more sense to be positioned as a responsive
  
communications expert, with capability to serve the
  
customer's needs as the customer desires. ■ Zeus
  allows you to work intuitively in the way that you
  think best. 
Zeus allows you to work intuitively as
  
you think best. ■ But such a scientific inquiry
  already took place years ago, in the manner
  provided for by law. 
But such a scientific inquiry
  
already took place years ago, as provided for by
  
law. 

 in a (the) fashion (manner; way) characteristic of
  
as; like. 

 in a (the) fashion (manner; way) similar to 
alike;
  
as; like; much as; much like; much the same (as);
  
rather like; resembling; similar to; similarly to.
  
Problems involving formulas of the type F(1) x
  F(2) = F(3) can be solved in a manner similar to
  the example given in Fig. 34.1 when logarithmic
  scales are used. 
Problems involving formulas of
  
the type F(1) x F(2) = F(3) can be solved much like
  
the example given in Fig. 34.1 when logarithmic
  
scales are used. ■ In a manner similar to
  modern-day whales, ichthyosaurs seem to have
  frequented breeding or birthing areas. 
Like
  
modern-day whales, ichthyosaurs seem to have
  
frequented breeding or birthing areas. 

 in a few minutes (moments) 
briefly; directly;
  
momentarily; presently; quickly; shortly; soon;
  
straightaway. Press any key, and in a few moments,
  the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet will appear on the
  screen. 
Press any key, and the Lotus 1-2-3
  
spreadsheet will directly appear on the screen. 

 in a good mood 
cheerful; glad; gleeful; happy;
  
joyful; joyous; merry; pleased. 

 in agreement with 
according to; by; following; in
  
keeping with; in line with; in step with; to;
  
under. 

 in (almost) all (every) cases (circumstances;
  instances; situations) 
all; almost all; almost
  
always; always; consistently; constantly;
  
invariably; nearly all; nearly always; unfailingly.
  
In almost all cases, the expert system assists or
  advises, as opposed to replacing problem solvers.
  
Almost always, the expert system assists or
  
advises, as opposed to replacing problem solvers.
  ■ The actual percentage should be given in all
  cases. 
The actual percentage should always be
  
given. ■ In all cases, the bodies have been there
  since last spring or summer. 
All the bodies have
  
been there since last spring or summer. 

 in all likelihood 
likely; most (very) likely;
  
probably; most (very) probably. If you don't have
  this kind of sponsorship, you should not even
  attempt a project because, in all likelihood, it is
  doomed to fall far short of the intended
  objectives. 
If you don't have this kind of
  
sponsorship, you should not even attempt a project
  
because it is probably doomed to fall far short of
  
the intended objectives. ■ In all likelihood, it
  will get extended until there is a determination of
  the ESOP litigation. 
Most likely, it will get
  
extended until there is a determination of the ESOP
  
litigation. 

 in all probability 
likely; most (very) likely;
  
probably; most (very) probably. A telephone call
  to the coordinator keeps the bank from stepping on
  its own toes by duplicating efforts and, in all
  probability, makes the call more effective. 
A
  
telephone call to the coordinator keeps the bank
  
from stepping on its own toes by duplicating
  
efforts and, most probably, makes the call more
  
effective. ■ If declines in groundwater levels do
  not make the use of the water uneconomical, pumping
  will in all probability continue despite the
  declines. 
If declines in groundwater levels do not
  
make the use of the water uneconomical, pumping
  
will probably continue despite the declines. 

 in a lot of cases (circumstances; instances;
  situations) 
frequently; most often; often;
  
sometimes; usually. In a lot of cases, serial
  killers seek power over others. 
Often, serial
  
killers seek power over others. 

 in a (the) majority of cases (circumstances;
  instances; situations) 
frequently; most often;
  
often; usually. 

 in a manner of speaking 
as it were; in a sense; in
  
a way; so to speak. 

 in a (some) measure 
partially; partly; somewhat.

 in a minute (moment) 
briefly; directly;
  
momentarily; presently; quickly; shortly; soon;
  
straightaway. 

 in an attempt to 
in trying to; to try to. In an
  attempt to satisfy the informal group, the employee
  may come in conflict with the formal organization.
  
In trying to satisfy the informal group, the
  
employee may come in conflict with the formal
  
organization. ■ In an attempt to solve these
  problems, IBM and Microsoft introduced OS/2 when
  IBM introduced their IBM PS/2 computers. 
To try to
  
solve these problems, IBM and Microsoft introduced
  
OS/2 when IBM introduced their IBM PS/2 computers.

 in and of itself (themselves) 
as such; in itself
  
(in themselves). The mere claim of protection
  asserted by a witness of his constitutional rights
  does not in and of itself constitute the admission
  of a crime. 
The mere claim of protection asserted
  
by a witness of his constitutional rights does not
  
in itself constitute the admission of a crime. ■
  In fact, no panelist argued that abortion in and of
  itself is anything to praise. 
In fact, no panelist
  
argued that abortion as such is anything to praise.

 in an effort to 
in trying to; to try to. The
  trust may invest up to 10 percent of the value of
  its total assets in municipal obligations
  denominated and payable in foreign currency in an
  effort to increase the income of the trust. 
The
  
trust may invest up to 10 percent of the value of
  
its total assets in municipal obligations
  
denominated and payable in foreign currency to try
  
to increase the income of the trust. ■ In an
  effort to contain the spiraling cost of automobile
  insurance, a number of legislative changes have
  been proposed. 
In trying to contain the spiraling
  
cost of automobile insurance, a number of
  
legislative changes have been proposed. ■ They
  often drink before sleeping at night in an effort
  to prevent nightmares. 
They often drink before
  
sleeping at night to try to prevent nightmares. 

 in a nutshell 
briefly; concisely; succinctly;
  
tersely. That, in a nutshell, explains the
  financial community's attitude toward the crash.
  
That briefly explains the financial community's
  
attitude toward the crash. 

 in any case (event) 
all (just) the same; anyhow;
  
even so; still; still and all; yet. 

 in any fashion (manner; way) 
at all; in the least;
  
delete. And he personally is not obligated in any
  way to stand behind the $675 million bond offering,
  or any other debt of the project. 
And he
  
personally is not at all obligated to stand behind
  
the $675 million bond offering, or any other debt
  
of the project. 

 in any way, shape, or form 
at all; in any way; in
  
the least; in the slightest; delete.  We're not
  interested in emulating men in any way, shape, or
  form. 
We're not interested in emulating men at
  
all. ■ I don't feel put upon in any way, shape, or
  form by my kids' having come back home. 
I don't
  
feel in the least put upon by my kids' having come
  
back home. 

 in a position to 
able to; ready to. By the end of
  the year, we will be in a position to hire another
  person. 
By the end of the year, we will be ready
  
to hire another person. ■ But, we hasten to add,
  we are not in a position to pay for any of it.
  
But, we hasten to add, we are not able to pay for
  
any of it. 

 in appearance delete.  


 in a row 
straight. Whether the bill dies on
  Beacon Hill for the third year in a row or becomes
  law in some form, the advocates of acupuncture are
  pressing their case with a gentle insistence.
  
Whether the bill dies on Beacon Hill for the third
  
straight year or becomes law in some form, the
  
advocates of acupuncture are pressing their case
  
with a gentle insistence. 

 in arrears 
late; overdue. 

 in a (the) ... sense 
-(al)ly; delete. In a broad
  sense, office automation is the incorporation of
  technology to help people manage information.
  
Broadly, office automation is the incorporation of
  
technology to help people manage information. ■ In
  this case, Equations 7-9 converge uniformly or in
  an asymptotic sense. 
In this case, Equations 7-9
  
converge uniformly or asymptotically. ■ Some
  variables are not quantifiable in a strict sense.
  
Some variables are not strictly quantifiable. ■
  Although there is a significant relationship in a
  statistical sense, the association is not strong.
  
Although there is a significant statistical
  
relationship, the association is not strong. ■ I
  don't mean this in a pejorative sense. 
I don't
  
mean this pejoratively. ■ There was really nothing
  which could be called communication in any genuine
  sense. 
There was really nothing which could be
  
called genuine communication. 

 in a similar fashion (manner; way) (to) 
alike; as;
  
like; much as; much like; much the same (as);
  
rather like; resembling; similar (to); similarly
  
(to). There is no guarantee that the prices of
  taxable securities will move in a similar manner to
  the prices of tax-exempt securities.
 There is no
  
guarantee that the prices of taxable securities
  
will move like the prices of tax-exempt
  
securities. ■ These companies are interested in
  identifying target markets that have similar needs
  and wants and that will respond in a similar
  fashion to particular marketing programs. 
These
  
companies are interested in identifying target
  
markets that have similar needs and wants and that
  
will respond similarly to particular marketing
  
programs. ■ My guess is 99 percent of the
  customers will behave in a similar manner. 
My
  
guess is 99 percent of the customers will behave
  
similarly. 

 inasmuch (insomuch) as 
as far as; as much as; so
  
far as; so much as. 

 inasmuch (insomuch) as 
because; considering; for;
  
in that; since. Inasmuch as part of each premium
  is invested in the economy, the life insurance
  industry is a major source of capital for the
  country. 
Since part of each premium is invested in
  
the economy, the life insurance industry is a major
  
source of capital for the country. ■ All seemed to
  share the conviction that the American educational
  system is far superior inasmuch as it focuses on
  the individual student. 
All seemed to share the
  
conviction that the American educational system is
  
far superior because it focuses on the individual
  
student. 

 in association with 
along with; and; as well as;
  
combined with; coupled with; joined with; paired
  
with; together with; with. 

 in a (the) ... state (of) ...  
in; delete. I'm in
  a state of uncertainty about how to travel. 
I'm
  
uncertain about how to travel. ■ People aren't
  always going to be in a state of total involvement.
  
People aren't always going to be totally
  
involved. ■ But while men's wear has been doing
  pretty well, women's wear storeowners are in a
  state of shock. 
But while men's wear has been
  
doing pretty well, women's wear storeowners are in
  
shock. ■ Forecasting in situations that are stable
  requires less attention than those that are in a
  state of flux. 
Forecasting in situations that are
  
stable requires less attention than those that are
  
in flux. ■ All of this has happened at a time when
  IBM is in a state of disarray. 
All of this has
  
happened at a time when IBM is in disarray. 

 in a timely fashion (manner; way) 
by next week
  
(tomorrow); fast; in (within) a day (year); in
  
time; promptly; quickly; rapidly; right away;
  
shortly; soon; speedily; swiftly; timely. Please
  give me your response in a timely manner. 
Please
  
give me your response by tomorrow. ■ Sarrouf said
  he was particularly concerned about whether the
  courts would be able to assemble the tribunals in a
  timely manner under the new standards. 
Sarrouf
  
said he was particularly concerned about whether
  
the courts would be able to assemble the tribunals
  
quickly under the new standards. ■ It's unlikely
  that we can come to an agreement on this in a
  timely fashion. 
It's unlikely that we can come to
  
an agreement on this in time. ■ We got it done in
  a reasonably timely fashion. 
We got it done
  
reasonably fast. ■ It allows us to bring other
  services to the market in a timely manner and in a
  way that reflects competitive circumstances. 
It
  
allows us to bring other services to the market by
  
next year and in a way that reflects competitive
  
circumstances. ■ The DOJ's failure to act upon our
  request in a timely manner is regrettable. 
The
  
DOJ's failure to act upon our request promptly is
  
regrettable. 

 in attendance 
present. Also in attendance were
  key attorneys and representatives on both sides of
  the lawsuit. 
Also present were key attorneys and
  
representatives on both sides of the lawsuit. 

 in a way 
rather; somehow; someway(s); somewhat.
  
In a way, I find it intimidating. 
I somehow find
  
it intimidating.

 in back of 
after; behind. 

 in ... behalf (of) 
by; for. 

 (something; somewhere) in between 
between; in;
  
within. The bonds are selling at $2 bid, $4
  offered for a $100 face value bond, which means
  that the selling price would probably fall
  somewhere in between that range. 
The bonds are
  
selling at $2 bid, $4 offered for a $100 face value
  
bond, which means that the selling price would
  
probably fall in that range. 

 in (a; the) bigger (greater; higher; larger) amount
  (degree; number; quantity) 
more; more often; more
  
so. Apple must wait until high-quality flat-panel
  screens are available in greater numbers before it
  can release a lap-top Macintosh. 
Apple must wait
  
until more high-quality flat-panel screens are
  
available before it can release a lap-top
  
Macintosh. ■ Women who never graduated from
  college took up the habit in greater numbers than
  they dropped it. 
Women who never graduated from
  
college took up the habit more often than they
  
dropped it. ■ Openness is already here, in a much
  greater degree than any of the myopic critics can
  bear to admit. 
Openness is already here, much more
  
than any of the myopic critics can bear to admit.

 in big (great; high; huge; large; overwhelming;
  sizable; vast) numbers 
a good (great) many;
  
almost all; dozens (of); hundreds (of); many;
  
millions (of); most; nearly all; scores (of); six
  
hundred (twelve hundred); thousands (of). Riot
  police in large numbers were called in to stop the
  protestors. 
Scores of riot police were called in
  
to stop the protestors. ■ The candidate is
  pursuing a risky strategy that could lead to a
  Democratic defeat if blacks are not motivated to
  vote in large numbers. 
The candidate is pursuing a
  
risky strategy that could lead to a Democratic
  
defeat if many blacks are not motivated to vote. ■
  Americans, in vast numbers, consider this pay hike
  to be scandalous in size. 
Millions of Americans
  
consider this pay hike to be scandalous in size. ■
  Children were abandoned throughout Europe in great
  numbers by parents of every social standing.
  
Hundreds of children were abandoned throughout
  
Europe by parents of every social standing. 

 in both cases (circumstances; instances;
  situations) 
both; for (in) both; delete. In both
  cases, about 10 percent of the sales force
  accounted for about 90 percent of the revenues.
  
For both, about 10 percent of the sales force
  
accounted for about 90 percent of the revenues. ■
  In both cases, the companies were unable to change
  the habits and beliefs of Brazilian cooks and
  mothers concerning the preparation and nutritional
  benefits of their products. 
Both companies were
  
unable to change the habits and beliefs of
  
Brazilian cooks and mothers concerning the
  
preparation and nutritional benefits of their
  
products. 

 in brief (concise; succinct) summary 
briefly
  
(concisely; succinctly); in brief; in fine; in
  
short; in sum. In brief summary, those are some of
  the reasons why original intention cannot be a neat
  solution to the problem of expounding our
  Constitution─and living under it. 
In sum, those
  
are some of the reasons why original intention
  
cannot be a neat solution to the problem of
  
expounding our Constitution─and living under it. 

 incarcerate 
jail. 

 in case 
if; lest; should. In case you've just
  joined us, we're talking about men's perception of
  the Women's Movement. 
If you've just joined us,
  
we're talking about men's perception of the Women's
  
Movement. ■ This establishes the ownership of the
  ideas and dates their development in case this
  becomes an issue in obtaining a patent. 
This
  
establishes the ownership of the ideas and dates
  
their development should this become an issue in
  
obtaining a patent. 

 in (a; the) ... case (circumstance; instance;
  situation) 
-(al)ly. In a typical situation, the
  MLI command will have stored important information
  in an MLI data area that is used by all MLI
  commands. 
Typically, the MLI command will have
  
stored important information in an MLI data area
  
that is used by all MLI commands. 

 in (the) ... case (of) 
about; as for; as to;
  
concerning; for; in; of; on; over; regarding;
  
respecting; to; toward; with; delete. It is
  especially true that judgment is required in the
  case of new products where there is little history
  to draw on. 
It is especially true that judgment is
  
required for new products where there is little
  
history to draw on. ■ In case of a disaster, it
  would help verify insurance claims. 
In a disaster,
  
it would help verify insurance claims. ■ In the
  case of the airport, that role is performed by the
  air traffic controller and each airline's
  operations center. 
As to the airport, that role is
  
performed by the air traffic controller and each
  
airline's operations center. ■ In the case of
  services, there is the additional problem that most
  thrifts are new to these businesses and must spend
  significant sums for systems. 
Concerning services,
  
there is the additional problem that most thrifts
  
are new to these businesses and must spend
  
significant sums for systems. ■ In the case of
  Campbell Soups, the decision to withdraw came after
  three years and an advertising campaign costing $2
  million. 
Campbell Soups' decision to withdraw came
  
after three years and an advertising campaign
  
costing $2 million. 

 in cases (circumstances; instances; situations) in
  which 
if; when; where. In cases in which
  improperly tested blood products had been released,
  Dr. Sandler said the donors were contacted for
  retesting to assure that no tainted blood had been
  transmitted. 
Where improperly tested blood
  
products had been released, Dr. Sandler said the
  
donors were contacted for retesting to assure that
  
no tainted blood had been transmitted. 

 in cases when (where) 
if; when; where. In cases
  where the equity in the property is ``thin,'' a
  default and subsequent foreclosure by the first
  mortgage lender could easily consume all of the
  equity for the payment of the expenses of the
  foreclosure proceedings. 
When the equity in the
  
property is ``thin,'' a default and subsequent
  
foreclosure by the first mortgage lender could
  
easily consume all of the equity for the payment of
  
the expenses of the foreclosure proceedings. ■ In
  cases where one topic requires knowledge of
  another, the required topic is cross-referenced.
  
Where one topic requires knowledge of another, the
  
required topic is cross-referenced. ■ In cases
  where another firm is already using the brand name
  independently, the issue is more complex. 
If
  
another firm is already using the brand name
  
independently, the issue is more complex. 

 in certain (some) cases 
at times; now and then;
  
occasionally; on occasion; some; sometimes;
  
delete. In some cases, banks and thrifts have
  formed new entities to act as conduits in marketing
  mutual funds as well as other investment products
  provided by third parties. 
Some banks and thrifts
  
have formed new entities to act as conduits in
  
marketing mutual funds as well as other investment
  
products provided by third parties. ■ In some
  cases, the end user can develop the application
  without using an expert system builder per se. 
At
  
times, the end user can develop the application
  
without using an expert system builder per se. ■
  In some cases, smoking does affect mental acuity.
  
Smoking sometimes does affect mental acuity. ■ In
  some cases, your boss can be a big help in the
  quest for knowledge. 
Now and then, your boss can
  
be a big help in the quest for knowledge. ■ In
  some cases, attorneys didn't bother to obtain
  clinical evaluations for their clients. 
Some
  
attorneys didn't bother to obtain clinical
  
evaluations for their clients. 

 in certain (some) circumstances 
at times; every so
  
often; now and again; now and then; occasionally;
  
on occasion; some; sometimes; delete. In some
  circumstances, the computer can augment or replace
  many of the engineer's other tools. 
Now and then,
  
the computer can augment or replace many of the
  
engineer's other tools. 

 in certain (some) instances 
at times; every so
  
often; now and again; now and then; occasionally;
  
on occasion; some; sometimes; delete. In some
  instances, a physician's practice may be full, so
  you may have to select another physician.
  
Sometimes a physician's practice may be full, so
  
you may have to select another physician. ■ In
  some instances, we lost the customer to the
  competition. 
We lost some customers to the
  
competition. ■ Signed medical statements from
  physicians are also required in some instances. 
At
  
times, signed medical statements from physicians
  
are also required. ■ In some instances, houses are
  worth 10 times the original payment. 
Some houses
  
are worth 10 times the original payment. 

 in certain (some) regards 
rather; somehow;
  
someway(s); somewhat. 

 in certain (some) respects 
rather; somehow;
  
someway(s); somewhat. The finding is somewhat
  surprising since auditory information processing
  seems in some respects quite different from the
  operations required to sense visual patterns. 
The
  
finding is somewhat surprising since auditory
  
information processing seems somehow quite
  
different from the operations required to sense
  
visual patterns. ■ In some respects, yesterday's
  closing arguments resembled a dispute by doctors
  over the treatment of a terminal patient.
  
Yesterday's closing arguments somewhat resembled a
  
dispute by doctors over the treatment of a terminal
  
patient. 

 in certain (some) situations 
at times; every so
  
often; now and again; now and then; occasionally;
  
on occasion; some; sometimes; delete. In some
  situations, change threatens security. 
Sometimes
  
change threatens security. ■ In certain
  situations, your selector code may be permitted to
  pass the name of a file to the system program it
  selects so that the system program can work with it
  when it first starts up. 
At times, your selector
  
code may be permitted to pass the name of a file to
  
the system program it selects so that the system
  
program can work with it when it first starts up.
  ■ In some situations, it may be possible to replace
  a toxic item with a harmless one. 
On occasion, it
  
may be possible to replace a toxic item with a
  
harmless one. 

 in character delete. As the market becomes more
  institutional in character, it will be easier for
  foreign companies to enter the U.S. market. 
As the
  
market becomes more institutional, it will be
  
easier for foreign companies to enter the U.S.
  
market. ■ Islam is also fatalistic in character.
  
Islam is also fatalistic. ■ These companies seek
  to satisfy some need or want that is uniquely
  national in character. 
These companies seek to
  
satisfy some uniquely national need or want. 

 in ... circumstances (conditions) 
-(al)ly;
  
delete. The attack was a carefully planned
  military operation that ended in tragic
  circumstances. 
The attack was a carefully planned
  
military operation that ended tragically. 

 in circumstances when (where) 
if; when; where.
  
Independent counsel might well be required prior
  to accepting a defendant's waiver of important
  constitutional rights in circumstances where there
  is reason to believe that independent legal advice
  is reasonably necessary in order to permit the
  defendant knowingly and intelligently to decide
  whether to waive or to exercise his rights.
  
Independent counsel might well be required prior
  
to accepting a defendant's waiver of important
  
constitutional rights where there is reason to
  
believe that independent legal advice is reasonably
  
necessary in order to permit the defendant
  
knowingly and intelligently to decide whether to
  
waive or to exercise his rights. 

 in close proximity (to) 
close by; close to; in
  
proximity; near; nearby. A LAN is used to share
  peripherals and data among computers in close
  proximity. 
A LAN is used to share peripherals and
  
data among computers in proximity. ■ When Tower
  Records opened its $7 million megastore last
  December, the initial effect was devastating for
  some record retailers, particularly those in close
  proximity. 
When Tower Records opened its $7
  
million megastore last December, the initial effect
  
was devastating for some record retailers,
  
particularly those nearby. ■ Some who have worked
  in close proximity to the Oval Office in recent
  years support his major propositions. 
Some who
  
have worked close to the Oval Office in recent
  
years support his major propositions. ■ Our strong
  view is that discharging firearms on and in close
  proximity to the island is a threat to our students
  and to the more than 20 staff members who inhabit
  the island. 
Our strong view is that discharging
  
firearms on and near the island is a threat to our
  
students and to the more than 20 staff members who
  
inhabit the island. 

 including everything 
in all; overall. 

 (red) in color 
(red). 

 in combination with 
along with; and; as well as;
  
combined with; coupled with; joined with; paired
  
with; together with; with. By using the 30°-60°
  triangle in combination with the 45° triangle,
  angles can be drawn at 15° intervals. 
By using the
  
30°-60° triangle and the 45° triangle, angles can
  
be drawn at 15° intervals. ■ This risk is now
  avoided by using estrogen in combination with
  progesterone. 
This risk is now avoided by using
  
estrogen along with progesterone. ■ On the left
  side is a double bank of five keys marked F1
  through F10 which, when pressed alone or in
  combination with another key, perform certain
  functions. 
On the left side is a double bank of
  
five keys marked F1 through F10 which, when pressed
  
alone or together with another key, perform certain
  
functions. ■ At issue is what the federal
  government needs to do in combination with the
  states to make sure people aren't quitting their
  jobs and spending into poverty simply to get access
  to expensive drugs. 
At issue is what the federal
  
government needs to do with the states to make sure
  
people aren't quitting their jobs and spending into
  
poverty simply to get access to expensive drugs. 

 in (over) (the) coming days (decades; months; weeks;
  years) 
at length; before long; eventually; in
  
time; later; one day; over time; presently;
  
quickly; shortly; someday; sometime; soon;
  
ultimately; with time; yet; delete. Other schemes
  could emerge in coming months. 
Other schemes could
  
emerge before long. ■ Some analysts predicted that
  without positive news to move the market in coming
  days, prices could begin weakening. 
Some analysts
  
predicted that without positive news to move the
  
market, prices could soon begin weakening. ■ For
  this reason, many economists predicted the Federal
  Reserve will be forced in coming weeks to begin
  pushing interest rates higher in the United States.
  
For this reason, many economists predicted the
  
Federal Reserve will shortly be forced to begin
  
pushing interest rates higher in the United
  
States. ■ Each form of wildlife feels the effects
  of fire in its own way, and researchers will be
  monitoring how the animals react in the coming
  months and years. 
Each form of wildlife feels the
  
effects of fire in its own way, and researchers
  
will be monitoring how the animals react over
  
time. ■ These approaches still need refining, but
  they could reduce the expense and increase the
  effectiveness of cleanup work in coming decades.
  
These approaches still need refining, but they
  
could ultimately reduce the expense and increase
  
the effectiveness of cleanup work. 

 in common with 
like. You are quite right in
  pointing out that I, in common with other cultural
  historians, have singled out but one out of several
  possible Adams lines. 
You are quite right in
  
pointing out that I, like other cultural
  
historians, have singled out but one out of several
  
possible Adams lines. ■ In common with Siemens,
  Ericsson is a leading contender for third-supplier
  status with the regional Bell operating companies.
  
Like Siemens, Ericsson is a leading contender for
  
third-supplier status with the regional Bell
  
operating companies. 

 in company with 
along with; and; as well as;
  
together with; with. If anything, the Reagan
  administration, in company with the Kremlin and the
  other big powers, has waited too long to denounce
  the use of chemical weapons. 
If anything, the
  
Reagan administration, as well as the Kremlin and
  
the other big powers, has waited too long to
  
denounce the use of chemical weapons. 

 in comparison to (with) 
against; alongside;
  
beside; compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less
  
than; more; more than; next to; over; than; to;
  
versus; vis-a-vis. Klein's firm claims it can tell
  a manufacturer how many people will like the car,
  how great the car is in comparison to another car,
  and how many cars will likely sell. 
Klein's firm
  
claims it can tell a manufacturer how many people
  
will like the car, how great the car is compared to
  
another car, and how many cars will likely sell. ■
  The ratio of demand deposits to total deposits in
  Texas as a whole was high in comparison with those
  of money center banks and other major regional
  banks. 
The ratio of demand deposits to total
  
deposits in Texas as a whole was higher than those
  
of money center banks and other major regional
  
banks. ■ The reunion was large in comparison to
  other reunions. 
The reunion was larger than other
  
reunions. ■ U.S. students are inferior in their
  spelling ability in comparison to the other
  nations' students. 
U.S. students are inferior in
  
their spelling ability to the other nations'
  
students. 

 in comparison (in contrast) to (with) ...
  relatively 
compared (contrasted) to (with). In
  comparison to earlier years, inflation has been
  relatively moderate over the last half decade.
  
Compared to earlier years, inflation has been
  
moderate over the last half decade. 

 incompetency 
incompetence. Hospitalization often
  makes clients vulnerable to thoughts of inadequacy
  and incompetency. 
Hospitalization often makes
  
clients vulnerable to thoughts of inadequacy and
  
incompetence. 

 in compliance with 
according to; by; following; in
  
keeping with; in line with; in step with; to;
  
under. In compliance with the new order, all
  participants now receive a 2-percent discount from
  market prices on shares made available directly
  from the company. 
Under the new order,
  
participants now receive a 2-percent discount from
  
market prices on shares made available directly
  
from the company. 

 in conclusion 
finally; in closing; lastly. 

 in conformance to (with) 
according to; by;
  
following; in keeping with; in line with; in step
  
with; to; under. Certain terms of this Agreement
  shall be completed in conformance with the terms of
  the successful proposal. 
Certain terms of this
  
Agreement shall be completed according to the terms
  
of the successful proposal.

 in conformity to (with) 
according to; by;
  
following; in keeping with; in line with; in step
  
with; to; under. The consolidated financial
  statements on the following pages have been
  prepared in conformity with generally accepted
  accounting principles. 
The consolidated financial
  
statements on the following pages have been
  
prepared according to generally accepted accounting
  
principles. ■ The law says a product is presumed
  to be free of defects when it is produced in
  conformity to government standards. 
The law says a
  
product is presumed to be free of defects when it
  
is produced to government standards. 

 in conjunction 
combined; together. The primary
  evidence with which the Warren Report failed to
  deal consists of the ballistics report, the
  Zapruder film, and the autopsy report, taken in
  conjunction. 
The primary evidence with which the
  
Warren Report failed to deal consists of the
  
ballistics report, the Zapruder film, and the
  
autopsy report, taken together. 

 in conjunction with 
along with; and; as well as;
  
combined with; coupled with; joined with; paired
  
with; together with; with. The results of the
  interviews in conjunction with other supporting
  data are contained in the report. 
The results of
  
the interviews and other supporting data are
  
contained in the report. ■ In conjunction with the
  operating system, the CPU coordinates all the
  computer's activities. 
Together with the operating
  
system, the CPU coordinates all the computer's
  
activities. ■ Surgery is generally used in
  conjunction with other therapies to cure and
  control cancer. 
Surgery is generally used along
  
with other therapies to cure and control cancer. ■
  The ACCJ has long worked in conjunction with the
  U.S. government through the American embassy to
  open the Japanese market to U.S. products and
  services. 
The ACCJ has long worked with the U.S.
  
government through the American embassy to open the
  
Japanese market to U.S. products and services. ■
  These new findings, in conjunction with records
  from other oceans, indicate that Earth's climate
  cooled immediately before the boundary. 
These new
  
findings, coupled with records from other oceans,
  
indicate that Earth's climate cooled immediately
  
before the boundary. 

 in connection with 
along with; and; as well as;
  
combined with; coupled with; joined with; paired
  
with; together with; with. 

 in connection with 
about; as for; as to;
  
concerning; for; in; of; on; over; regarding;
  
respecting; to; toward; with; delete. Police in
  Holyoke are questioning a suspect in connection
  with the brutal rape of a 7-year-old boy. 
Police
  
in Holyoke are questioning a suspect about the
  
brutal rape of a 7-year-old boy. ■ The bank with
  sufficient presence and skills may be asked to work
  with the client's own local advisors in connection
  with purely domestic transactions. 
The bank with
  
sufficient presence and skills may be asked to work
  
with the client's own local advisors on purely
  
domestic transactions. ■ Sein Win, formerly
  publisher of the English-language daily 
The
  
Guardian, was jailed for three years in Burma in
  
the 1960s in connection with his journalistic
  
activities. 
Sein Win, formerly publisher of the
  
English-language daily The Guardian, 
was jailed
  
for three years in Burma in the 1960s for his
  
journalistic activities. ■ A suspect was captured
  and charged yesterday in connection with the
  abduction, robbery, and shooting of two Charlotte
  County prosecutors. 
A suspect was captured and
  
charged yesterday with the abduction, robbery, and
  
shooting of two Charlotte County prosecutors. ■ In
  connection with the Lord Geller case, I said:
  ``Given the circumstances, there was nothing else
  we could do but sue.'' 
Regarding the Lord Geller
  
case, I said: ``Given the circumstances, there was
  
nothing else we could do but sue.'' 

 in consequence 
consequently; hence; so; then;
  
therefore; thus. 

 in consequence of 
after; because of; by; due to;
  
following; for; from; in; out of; owing to;
  
through; with. The defendants cannot claim to have
  suffered damage in consequence of the plaintiffs'
  early entry onto premises they had already vacated
  pursuant to a notice to quit for nonpayment of
  rent. 
The defendants cannot claim to have suffered
  
damage from the plaintiffs' early entry onto
  
premises they had already vacated pursuant to a
  
notice to quit for nonpayment of rent. 

 in consequence of the fact that 
because;
  
considering; for; in that; since. 

 in consideration of (payment of; sum of) 
because
  
of; due to; for; in return for; in view of; on
  
account of; owing to; through. In consideration of
  the foregoing and of the mutual promises contained
  herein, the parties mutually agree as follows. 
In
  
view of the foregoing and the mutual promises
  
contained herein, the parties mutually agree as
  
follows. ■ In consideration of payment of the
  License fee, Microsoft grants to you a nonexclusive
  right to use and display this copy of a Microsoft
  software program on a single computer at a single
  location. 
In return for the License fee, Microsoft
  
grants to you a nonexclusive right to use and
  
display this copy of a Microsoft software program
  
on a single computer at a single location. 

 in consideration of the fact that 
because;
  
considering; for; in that; since. In consideration
  of the fact that Medicare payments are already
  deducted from my Social Security checks, am I
  entitled to a credit for this further deduction?
  
Since Medicare payments are already deducted from
  
my Social Security checks, am I entitled to a
  
credit for this further deduction? 

 in consonance to (with) 
according to; by;
  
following; in keeping with; in line with; in step
  
with; to; under. 

 in contempt of 
despite. 

 in contrast to (with) 
against; alongside; beside;
  
compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less than;
  
more; more than; next to; over; than; to; unlike;
  
versus; vis-a-vis. In contrast to last month,
  September sales of government debt are expected to
  be light. 
Compared to last month, September sales
  
of government debt are expected to be light. ■
  Both capital assets have changed in real value, and
  the landowner is better off in contrast to the
  stockholder. 
Both capital assets have changed in
  
real value, and the landowner is better off than
  
the stockholder. 

 in conversation with 
conversing with; speaking to
  
(with); talking to (with). The doctor is in
  conversation with the woman who tried to kill her
  son. 
The doctor is speaking to the woman who tried
  
to kill her son. ■ I don't know what happened; I
  was in conversation with my friend. 
I don't know
  
what happened; I was talking with my friend. 

 in copious profusion 
copiously; in profusion. As
  naturally and spontaneously as the notes that issue
  from the throat of a thrush, the melodies poured
  forth from Schubert's pen in copious profusion. 
As
  
naturally and spontaneously as the notes that issue
  
from the throat of a thrush, the melodies poured
  
forth from Schubert's pen in profusion. 

 incorporate in(to) 
add; contain; have; include. 

 in correspondence to (with) 
according to; by;
  
following; in keeping with; in line with; in step
  
with; to; under. 

 (a) ... increase over 
more than. That's a
  33-percent increase over last year. 
That's 33
  
percent more than last year. ■ In 1986, some 4,000
  women gave birth for the first time, a 26 percent
  increase over the 1985 figure. 
In 1986, some 4,000
  
women gave birth for the first time, 26 percent
  
more than the 1985 figure.

 increasing in 
increasingly. The seaweed
  treatments are increasing in popularity with both
  men and women. 
The seaweed treatments are
  
increasingly popular with both men and women. 

 increasingly more 
increasingly; more and more.
  
Information processing is becoming increasingly
  more automated through the use of machines.
  
Information processing is becoming increasingly
  
automated through the use of machines. ■ As you
  gain experience with a program, the ease with which
  the commands can be executed becomes increasingly
  more important. 
As you gain experience with a
  
program, the ease with which the commands can be
  
executed becomes more and more important. 

 incremental increase 
minute (nominal; slight;
  
small) increase; increase. The incremental
  increase in the possibility of pregnancy is not
  significant. 
The increase in the possibility of
  
pregnancy is not significant. 

 in (over) (the) days (decades; months; weeks; years)
  ahead 
at length; before long; eventually; in
  
time; later; one day; over time; presently;
  
quickly; shortly; someday; sometime; soon;
  
ultimately; with time; yet; delete. The men and
  women who build America's bridges, design
  spacecraft, and keep nuclear power plants running
  will be in short supply in the years ahead unless
  more college students study engineering. 
The men
  
and women who build America's bridges, design
  
spacecraft, and keep nuclear power plants running
  
will soon be in short supply unless more college
  
students study engineering. ■ While these changes
  will be automatic, we recognize that the decision
  to continue banking with us in the months and years
  ahead is entirely yours. 
While these changes will
  
be automatic, we recognize that the decision to
  
continue banking with us is entirely yours. ■ In
  the years ahead, it simply will not be possible to
  keep up with demands if our company remains what it
  once was. 
Over time, it simply will not be
  
possible to keep up with demands if our company
  
remains what it once was. ■ We expect prospects
  will improve over the years ahead. 
We expect
  
prospects will improve in time. 

 in (the) days (decades; months; weeks; years) gone
  by 
before; earlier; formerly; once; delete. In
  years gone by, much has been written about
  perceived gains in the powers of the presidency
  compared with the powers of the Congress and vice
  versa. 
Much has been written about perceived gains
  
in the powers of the presidency compared with the
  
powers of the Congress and vice versa. 

 in (the) days (decades; months; weeks; years) of
  old 
before; earlier; formerly; once; delete. The
  world must have seemed a larger place in days of
  old. 
The world must have once seemed a larger
  
place. 

 in (the) days (decades; months; weeks; years) past
  
before; earlier; formerly; once; delete. Police
  academy training is more extensive for new
  officers, providing extensive computer training,
  whereas in years past only a few officers would
  have had any experience with computers. 
Police
  
academy training is more extensive for new
  
officers, providing extensive computer training,
  
whereas before only a few officers would have had
  
any experience with computers.

 in (the) days (decades; months; weeks; years) since
  
since; since then. In the years since, the number
  of women in jail has increased and the nature of
  the crimes they commit has changed. 
Since then,
  
the number of women in jail has increased and the
  
nature of the crimes they commit has changed. ■
  However, in the years since 1970, the same
  continent has experienced precipitation levels
  above the mean measurements for the reference
  period. 
However, since 1970, the same continent
  
has experienced precipitation levels above the mean
  
measurements for the reference period. 

 in (over) ... days' (decades'; hours'; minutes';
  months'; weeks'; years') time 
in (over) ... days
  
(decades; hours; minutes; months; weeks; years).
  
I'm going to be visiting some Navy bases in a few
  months' time. 
I'm going to be visiting some Navy
  
bases in a few months. ■ The only concern I had
  with First Service is that they had doubled the
  size of the loan portfolio in 12 months' time. 
The
  
only concern I had with First Service is that they
  
had doubled the size of the loan portfolio in 12
  
months. ■ Over a year's time, the manual will
  likely be reprinted two or three times, and interim
  releases will be issued perhaps five or six times.
  
Over a year, the manual will likely be reprinted
  
two or three times, and interim releases will be
  
issued perhaps five or six times. 

 in (over) (the) days (decades; months; weeks; years)
  to come 
at length; before long; eventually; in
  
time; later; one day; over time; presently;
  
quickly; shortly; someday; sometime; soon;
  
ultimately; with time; yet; delete. We are deadly
  serious about making changes that will allow us to
  remain a viable competitor in the years to come.
  
We are deadly serious about making changes that
  
will allow us to remain a viable competitor. ■ He
  estimated that the change would have little impact
  in the current quarter but would boost margins in
  months to come. 
He estimated that the change would
  
have little impact in the current quarter but would
  
boost margins in time. 

 indebtedness 
debt(s). Sales-tax revenues are down
  because people are spending less, paying off their
  indebtedness, and saving more. 
Sales-tax revenues
  
are down because people are spending less, paying
  
off their debts, and saving more. 

 in defense of 
for; with. May I please put in a
  word in defense of poor Livia Budai, who has been
  lambasted out of all proportion in your articles?
  
May I please put in a word for poor Livia Budai,
  
who has been lambasted out of all proportion in
  
your articles? 

 in defiance of 
against; despite. Responsibility
  for the tragedy rests exclusively on the war
  criminals in the Iranian government who have
  elected, in defiance of the rules of warfare
  established for many centuries, to make regular
  murderous attacks on neutral merchant ships on the
  high seas. 
Responsibility for the tragedy rests
  
exclusively on the war criminals in the Iranian
  
government who have elected, despite the rules of
  
warfare established for many centuries, to make
  
regular murderous attacks on neutral merchant ships
  
on the high seas. 

 in depth 
deep. 

 in despite of 
after all; apart; aside; despite;
  
even with; for all; with all. In despite of his
  good looks, he has never married. 
For all his good
  
looks, he has never married. 

 indicate 
feel; disclose; hint; imply; mention;
  
reveal; say; show; suggest; tell. He indicated
  that he would be fine. 
He said that he would be
  
fine. ■ I indicated to her that I wasn't happy. 
I
  
told her I wasn't happy. ■ Have they indicated
  what kinds of cancer are prevalent in the Soviet
  Union? 
Have they mentioned what kinds of cancer
  
are prevalent in the Soviet Union? 

 indication 
clue; cue; hint; inkling; sign. There
  are indications that Iran may have its own chemical
  weapons. 
There are clues that Iran may have its
  
own chemical weapons. ■ Is this an indication of
  things to come? 
Is this a hint of things to come?
  ■ The demonstrations were another indication of
  ferment in the Baltic republics under Mikhail S.
  Gorbachev's policies of greater openness and more
  local control. 
The demonstrations were another
  
sign of ferment in the Baltic republics under
  
Mikhail S. Gorbachev's policies of greater openness
  
and more local control. 

 individual 
(adj) delete. I think there are
  individual exceptions. 
I think there are
  
exceptions. ■ In my individual case, time seemed
  to stand still. 
In my case, time seemed to stand
  
still. 

 individual(s) 
(n) anybody; anyone; everybody;
  
everyone; man; men; people; person; somebody;
  
someone; those; woman; women; you; delete. The
  dominant behavioral characteristic of phobic
  individuals is avoidance. 
The dominant behavioral
  
characteristic of phobic persons is avoidance. ■
  Unless you're a very callous individual, their pain
  begins to affect you. 
Unless you're very callous,
  
their pain begins to affect you. ■ Individuals who
  are likely to make the grade in the foreseeable
  future are often included. 
Those who are likely to
  
make the grade in the foreseeable future are often
  
included. ■ The type of individual who becomes
  addicted to alcohol is often the same type of
  individual who becomes addicted to cigarettes or
  drugs. 
The type of person who becomes addicted to
  
alcohol is often the same type who becomes addicted
  
to cigarettes or drugs. ■ Advertising philosophies
  are highly subjective; virtually every individual
  has his or her own approach. 
Advertising
  
philosophies are highly subjective; virtually
  
everyone has his or her own approach. ■ There is
  no evidence that experts are any better equipped to
  make those judgments than are lay individuals.
  
There is no evidence that experts are any better
  
equipped to make those judgments than are lay
  
people. 

 individuals (men; people; persons; women) in (a;
  the) business 
businessmen (businesspeople;
  
businesspersons; businesswomen). Most people in a
  business, however, do not actually use the database
  file itself. 
Most businesspeople, however, do not
  
actually use the database file itself. ■ When
  people in a business disagree or see things from
  opposing perspectives, a meeting provides a safe
  and sanctioned setting for resolution. 
When
  
businesspeople disagree or see things from opposing
  
perspectives, a meeting provides a safe and
  
sanctioned setting for resolution. 

 individuals (men; people; persons; women) who are 
  delete. People who are obsessive-compulsive have
  difficulty making decisions. 
Obsessive-compulsives
  
have difficulty making decisions. ■ We conducted a
  brainstorming session with 15 individuals who are
  well-known specialists in payment systems. 
We
  
conducted a brainstorming session with 15
  
well-known specialists in payment systems.

 inductive reasoning 
induction. 

 in due course (time) 
at length; in time; later;
  
one day; over time; someday; sometime; with time;
  
yet. He was the CEO of a large corporation and in
  due course the secretary of state. 
He was the CEO
  
of a large corporation and at length the secretary
  
of state. ■ In due course, the family bought the
  house and moved in. 
In time, the family bought the
  
house and moved in. ■ We will consider your
  statement in due time. 
We will yet consider your
  
statement. 

 in duration 
last; long; delete. Girls are at far
  greater risk for sexual abuse than boys, and their
  sexual abuse apparently is more common and longer
  in duration than the physical abuse boys are more
  likely to experience. 
Girls are at far greater
  
risk for sexual abuse than boys, and their sexual
  
abuse apparently is more common and lasts longer
  
than the physical abuse boys are more likely to
  
experience. 

 in each (every) case (circumstance; instance;
  situation) 
all; always; consistently; constantly;
  
each; each time; for (in) each; for (in) every;
  
every one; every time; invariably; unfailingly;
  
delete. In each case, the affected company had to
  find solutions to a sudden change in its local
  environment. 
Each affected company had to find
  
solutions to a sudden change in its local
  
environment. ■ Although some of the previous
  examples have been somewhat complex, in each case
  we could predict what the code would produce.
  
Although some of the previous examples have been
  
somewhat complex, in each we could predict what the
  
code would produce. ■ In each case, multiply the
  result by 10 to give you a per share dollar cost of
  each regional share. 
Multiply each result by 10 to
  
give you a per share dollar cost of each regional
  
share. ■ In every instance, the acquirer selected
  is the one with the best bid. 
The acquirer
  
selected is always the one with the best bid. 

 in earlier (former; prior) times 
before; earlier;
  
formerly; once. There was plenty of weekend
  ticketing in prior times. 
There once was plenty of
  
weekend ticketing. 

 in either (neither) case (circumstance; instance;
  situation) 
either (neither) way; delete. In
  either case, a veto would have provided Democratic
  opponents with powerful rhetorical ammunition in
  light of the 80 percent approval for the
  legislation in public opinion polls. 
Either way, a
  
veto would have provided Democratic opponents with
  
powerful rhetorical ammunition in light of the 80
  
percent approval for the legislation in public
  
opinion polls. ■ In either situation, GS/OS sets
  the A, D, and SP registers to the following values
  before passing control to the program. 
Either way,
  
GS/OS sets the A, D, and SP registers to the
  
following values before passing control to the
  
program. 

 in either (neither) event 
either (neither) way;
  
delete. In either event, it is not likely that
  AT&T and Northern, aware of customer desire for
  greater software control, will allow Ericsson and
  others to win business on this point alone. 
Either
  
way, it is not likely that AT&T and Northern, aware
  
of customer desire for greater software control,
  
will allow Ericsson and others to win business on
  
this point alone. ■ In either event, you have a
  few options. 
Either way, you have a few options.

 in error 
wrong. He will not listen, nor will he
  back down even when he knows he is in error. 
He
  
will not listen, nor will he back down even when he
  
knows he is wrong. ■ If my information is in
  error, I stand corrected. 
If my information is
  
wrong, I stand corrected. 

 in (the) event (of; that) 
if (there were); if ...
  
should; should (there); were (there; ... to); when;
  
delete. In the event that any liquid or solid
  object falls into the cabinet, unplug the unit and
  have it checked by qualified personnel. 
Should any
  
liquid or solid object fall into the cabinet,
  
unplug the unit and have it checked by qualified
  
personnel. ■ Palau has long been regarded as a
  possible fallback site in event the United States
  loses its military bases in the Philippines. 
Palau
  
has long been regarded as a possible fallback site
  
were the United States to lose its military bases
  
in the Philippines. ■ In the event of my death, I
  wish to be cremated and have my ashes scattered
  into the Tennessee River. 
When I die, I wish to be
  
cremated and have my ashes scattered into the
  
Tennessee River. ■ Such information would be vital
  in the event they chose to have children. 
Such
  
information would be vital if they choose to have
  
children. ■ WGBH officials insisted that they were
  prepared to remain on the air in the event of a
  union walkout. 
WGBH officials insisted that they
  
were prepared to remain on the air were there a
  
union walkout. 

 in evidence 
apparent; conspicuous; evident;
  
obvious; plain. Little of that has been in
  evidence among the thrifts. 
Little of that has
  
been evident among the thrifts. 

 in excess of 
above; better than; beyond; greater
  
than; larger than; more than; over; stronger than.
  
Annually, retailers lose in excess of $1.5
  billion, and only about 30 percent of those losses
  are to shoplifters and other outsiders. 
Annually,
  
retailers lose more than $1.5 billion, and only
  
about 30 percent of those losses are to shoplifters
  
and other outsiders. ■ The basic filing fee is
  $65; an additional $2 is required for each claim in
  excess of ten on any one application. 
The basic
  
filing fee is $65; an additional $2 is required for
  
each claim over ten on any one application. ■
  Sales in excess of 10,000 units result in profit.
  
Sales above 10,000 units result in profit. ■ The
  term 
piping is considered to apply to rigid pipes
  
that are larger than tubes, usually in excess of 2
  
inches in diameter. 
The term piping
 is
  
considered to apply to rigid pipes that are larger
  
than tubes, usually larger than 2 inches in
  
diameter. ■ Winds were in excess of 150 mph.
  
Winds were stronger than 150 mph. ■ The closings
  will have no impact on the nation's military
  strength, since the Pentagon has already acquired a
  redundant arsenal far in excess of rational
  requirements for many years to come. 
The closings
  
will have no impact on the nation's military
  
strength, since the Pentagon has already acquired a
  
redundant arsenal far beyond rational requirements
  
for many years to come. 

 in exchange (for) 
for. The deal would involve his
  gaining credibility with the administration in
  exchange for his helping Nicaraguan Contras in
  their fight against the Sandinistas. 
The deal
  
would involve his gaining credibility with the
  
administration for his helping Nicaraguan Contras
  
in their fight against the Sandinistas. ■ In
  exchange for their 10-percent minority position in
  the publicly traded shares of Southland, the
  Thompsons got almost 100-percent control of their
  empire. 
For their 10-percent minority position in
  
the publicly traded shares of Southland, the
  
Thompsons got almost 100-percent control of their
  
empire. 

 in (the) face of 
after all; apart; aside; despite;
  
even with; for all; with all. He persevered in the
  face of strong pressure within his agency. 
He
  
persevered despite strong pressure within his
  
agency. ■ In the face of their education, few
  managers see the possibilities of applying their
  business knowledge at home. 
Their education aside,
  
few managers see the possibilities of applying
  
their business knowledge at home. ■ In face of the
  uncertainty, they are still struggling to keep the
  native way of life alive. 
With all the
  
uncertainty, they are still struggling to keep the
  
native way of life alive. 

 in fact  delete. Women not able to have power in
  the external world have in fact developed a
  secondary power. 
Women not able to have power in
  
the external world have developed a secondary
  
power. ■ If it is determined that drug use did in
  fact take place, the agency has several options,
  ranging from rehabilitation to firing. 
If it is
  
determined that drug use did take place, the agency
  
has several options, ranging from rehabilitation to
  
firing. ■ Were it in fact true that the governor
  had sought assistance at such times from a mental
  health professional, it would speak highly of his
  courage and self-awareness. 
Were it true that the
  
governor had sought assistance at such times from a
  
mental health professional, it would speak highly
  
of his courage and self-awareness.

 in (a; the) ... fashion 
-(al)ly; delete. It is
  true that the records are stored in a sequential
  fashion. 
It is true that the records are stored
  
sequentially. ■ They want you to do it in a safe
  and fast fashion. 
They want you to do it safely
  
and fast. ■ I don't think I was treated in a loyal
  fashion by the president. 
I don't think I was
  
treated loyally by the president. ■ Your story
  quotes antismokers 11 times and tobacco industry
  representatives only twice─and then in a disdainful
  fashion. 
Your story quotes antismokers 11 times
  
and tobacco industry representatives only twice─and
  
then disdainfully. 

 in favor (of) 
for; with. Five circuit courts of
  appeal have ruled in favor of testing without
  individualized suspicion. 
Five circuit courts of
  
appeal have ruled for testing without
  
individualized suspicion. ■ IBM has shed its old
  way of doing business in favor of a more
  competitive approach. 
IBM has shed its old way of
  
doing business for a more competitive approach. ■
  Many women forfeit one in favor of the other, yet
  end up feeling regret for missing out on the path
  not taken. 
Many women forfeit one for the other,
  
yet end up feeling regret for missing out on the
  
path not taken. 

 (an; the) infinite number (of) 
countless; endless;
  
infinite; millions (of); myriad; numberless;
  
untold. The voice is capable of an infinite number
  of sounds and pitches. 
The voice is capable of
  
countless sounds and pitches. ■ You may obtain an
  infinite number of views of each part by selecting
  VPOINTS. 
You may obtain endless views of each part
  
by selecting VPOINTS. ■ We are surrounded by an
  infinite number of mechanical, electrical,
  magnetic, thermal, nuclear, and other kinds of
  gadgets that our technological culture puts at our
  disposal to make our lives easier, faster, cheaper,
  safer, and at times even pleasanter. 
We are
  
surrounded by numberless mechanical, electrical,
  
magnetic, thermal, nuclear, and other kinds of
  
gadgets that our technological culture puts at our
  
disposal to make our lives easier, faster, cheaper,
  
safer, and at times even pleasanter. 

 inflammable 
flammable. 

 in force and effect 
active; at work; effective; in
  
action; in effect; in force; in play; working.
  
Tenant agrees to pay Landlord at the rate of $1200
  per month on the first day of each and every month
  in advance so long as this lease is in force and
  effect. 
Tenant agrees to pay Landlord at the rate
  
of $1200 per month on the first day of each and
  
every month in advance so long as this lease is in
  
effect. 

 inform 
tell; write. She informed me that she
  wants a divorce. 
She told me that she wants a
  
divorce. ■ The authors of the paper were not
  invited to testify, nor were they informed that the
  investigation was underway. 
The authors of the
  
paper were not invited to testify, nor were they
  
told that the investigation was underway. 

 in (a; the) ... form 
in; -(al)ly; delete. An
  analyst must be able to state the assumption in
  explicit form. 
An analyst must be able to
  
explicitly state the assumption. ■ The movie tells
  the same story in a spare but elegant form. 
The
  
movie sparely but elegantly tells the same story.
  ■ The remaining specifications are given in tabular
  form. 
The remaining specifications are given in a
  
table. ■ This subroutine will print out the GS/OS
  version number in ASCII form. 
This subroutine will
  
print out the GS/OS version number in ASCII. ■
  Specifications of a patent must be attached to the
  application in written form describing the
  invention in detail so that a person skilled in the
  field can produce the item. 
Written specifications
  
of a patent must be attached to the application
  
describing the invention in detail so that a person
  
skilled in the field can produce the item.

 in ... from now 
from now; in. In about seven
  years from now, OPEC will once again be able to
  capture 50 percent of the world market. 
In about
  
seven years, OPEC will once again be able to
  
capture 50 percent of the world market. 

 in front of 
before. Each person was tested four
  times during a two-hour period while sitting or
  standing in front of a computer monitor. 
Each
  
person was tested four times during a two-hour
  
period while sitting or standing before a computer
  
monitor. ■ We have tough challenges in front of
  us. 
We have tough challenges before us. ■ It is
  folly to stand up in front of a group and hope to
  pull off your show without a hitch if this is your
  first run-through. 
It is folly to stand up before
  
a group and hope to pull off your show without a
  
hitch if this is your first run-through.

 in fulfillment of 
to complete; to finish; to
  
fulfill; to satisfy. In fulfillment of its
  open-ended agreement, Saatchi & Saatchi will also
  advise the Soviets on how much they should charge
  for TV spots that could reach some 180 million
  Soviet citizens and another 30 million viewers in
  Eastern Europe. 
To fulfill its open-ended
  
agreement, Saatchi & Saatchi will also advise the
  
Soviets on how much they should charge for TV spots
  
that could reach some 180 million Soviet citizens
  
and another 30 million viewers in Eastern Europe.

 in general  delete. Women in general have a
  responsibility to one another. 
Women have a
  
responsibility to one another.

 (a; the) -ing of 
-ing. The taking of drugs is bad
  for people. 
Taking drugs is bad for people. ■
  Often the initial development of a program focuses
  on the obtaining of some correct solution to the
  given problem. 
Often the initial development of a
  
program focuses on obtaining some correct solution
  
to the given problem. ■ It has several
  verification problems that can only be appreciated
  by a careful reading of the treaty. 
It has several
  
verification problems that can only be appreciated
  
by carefully reading the treaty. ■ An
  understanding of these terms allows you to describe
  a sloping plane. 
Understanding these terms allows
  
you to describe a sloping plane. ■ When you are
  working with hundreds of files, the limitations
  that the operating system imposes make the naming
  of files a difficult task. 
When you are working
  
with hundreds of files, the limitations that the
  
operating system imposes make naming files a
  
difficult task.

 in good time 
at length; in time; later; one day;
  
over time; someday; sometime; with time; yet. 

 in great (large) measure 
almost all; chiefly;
  
commonly; generally; greatly; in general; largely;
  
mainly; most; mostly; most often; much; nearly all;
  
normally; overall; typically; usually. Your today
  is in large measure a result of your yesterdays.
  
Your today is largely a result of your
  
yesterdays. ■ Success in winning the war on drugs
  depends in large measure on our ability to set the
  correct priorities among these areas and fund them
  accordingly. 
Success in winning the war on drugs
  
depends mostly on our ability to set the correct
  
priorities among these areas and fund them
  
accordingly. ■ Most Americans understand that the
  ability of our nation to compete depends in large
  measure on its scientific and technological
  advances. 
Most Americans understand that the
  
ability of our nation to compete greatly depends on
  
its scientific and technological advances. 

 in great (large) part 
almost all; chiefly;
  
commonly; generally; greatly; in general; largely;
  
mainly; most; mostly; most often; much; nearly all;
  
normally; overall; typically; usually. The lower
  cost of U.S. labor was due in large part to the
  drop in value of the dollar compared with most
  other currencies. 
The lower cost of U.S. labor was
  
largely due to the drop in value of the dollar
  
compared with most other currencies. ■
  Learning-disabled kids in large part are not being
  encouraged and rewarded enough for their strengths.
  
Most learning-disabled kids are not being
  
encouraged and rewarded enough for their
  
strengths. ■ Your choice of language predetermines
  in large part the reactions of your listeners.
  
Your choice of language commonly predetermines the
  
reactions of your listeners. ■ They said the
  increase was in large part a rebound from May, when
  the index had dropped by a sharp 0.8 percent. 
They
  
said the increase was chiefly a rebound from May,
  
when the index had dropped by a sharp 0.8
  
percent.

 in great (large) quantities 
 a good (great) deal
  
(of); a good (great) many (of); almost all; dozens
  
(of); hundreds (of); many; millions (of); most;
  
nearly all; scores (of); six hundred (twelve
  
hundred); thousands (of). The $2 bills are not
  being ordered by area banks even though the Federal
  Reserve has them in large quantities. 
The $2 bills
  
are not being ordered by area banks even though the
  
Federal Reserve has millions of them. 

 in height 
high; delete. They should be at least
  1/8 inch in height, not encircled, and placed close
  to the parts they apply to. 
They should be at
  
least 1/8 inch high, not encircled, and placed
  
close to the parts they apply to. ■ The mountain
  gorilla is the largest and most endangered of the
  great apes; the adult males often reach six feet in
  height and weigh 375 pounds or more. 
The mountain
  
gorilla is the largest and most endangered of the
  
great apes; the adult males often reach six feet
  
and weigh 375 pounds or more. 

 in (the) history (of the world) 
ever. Original
  plans called for a fleet of 132 bombers with the
  cost of each plane estimated at $500 million,
  making it the most expensive plane in history.
  
Original plans called for a fleet of 132 bombers
  
with the cost of each plane estimated at $500
  
million, making it the most expensive plane ever.

 in honor of 
after; for; to. 

 in imitation of 
after; follow. 

 in instances when (where) 
if; when; where. In
  instances where the products and services being
  traded within the firm are unique, the cost-plus
  method seems appropriate. 
When the products and
  
services being traded within the firm are unique,
  
the cost-plus method seems appropriate. 

 in isolation (from) 
alone; apart (from); by
  
itself; separate (from). It makes no sense to
  discuss one issue in isolation from the other. 
It
  
makes no sense to discuss one issue separate from
  
the other. ■ Companies would never make
  high-quality products if the manufacturing
  department were forced to pursue quality in
  isolation. 
Companies would never make high-quality
  
products if the manufacturing department alone were
  
forced to pursue quality. 

 initial (initially) 
at first; first. Initially, a
  problem is noticed. 
First, a problem is noticed.
  ■ Initially, the key was successfully marketing the
  fund to commercial banks. 
At first, the key was
  
successfully marketing the fund to commercial
  
banks. ■ A just-released second-quarter financial
  report indicates that the situation may be more
  serious than initially thought. 
A just-released
  
second-quarter financial report indicates that the
  
situation may be more serious than first thought.

 initially ... begin (start) 
begin (start). I
  believe he initially started as a stand-up comic.
  
I believe he started as a stand-up comic. ■
  Initially, it started out as a polarization
  problem. 
It started out as a polarization
  
problem. ■ Savings and loan associations initially
  started as building associations and were designed
  to provide members with funds for housing
  construction. 
Savings and loan associations
  
started as building associations and were designed
  
to provide members with funds for housing
  
construction. 

 in its (their) entirety 
all (the); (the) complete;
  
completely; (the) entire; entirely; every; (the)
  
full; fully; (the) whole; wholly; delete. Any
  entity that is crossed by the window is removed in
  its entirety. 
Any entity that is crossed by the
  
window is wholly removed. ■ When you read the book
  in its entirety, you will understand my position.
  
When you read the entire book, you will understand
  
my position. ■ As we read the testimony of Janice
  in its entirety (her account of the shooting and
  her denials that she ever said it was an accident),
  the excluded evidence would have been a plain
  contradiction of her testimony on the main issue
  before the jury. 
As we read the complete testimony
  
of Janice (her account of the shooting and her
  
denials that she ever said it was an accident), the
  
excluded evidence would have been a plain
  
contradiction of her testimony on the main issue
  
before the jury. ■ The three candidates for
  majority leader have embraced the freshman's
  demands in their entirety. 
The three candidates
  
for majority leader have embraced all the
  
freshman's demands. 

 (be) in jeopardy 
endangered; imperiled;
  
jeopardized. None of us can avoid the
  responsibility of working in all ways open to us to
  shore up the democracy that is so clearly in
  jeopardy. 
None of us can avoid the responsibility
  
of working in all ways open to us to shore up the
  
democracy that is so clearly jeopardized. ■ This
  outlook was reinforced by the Gaither Committee's
  1957 report, drafted in part by Mr. Nitze, which
  concluded that American nuclear deterrence and the
  country's survival were in jeopardy. 
This outlook
  
was reinforced by the Gaither Committee's 1957
  
report, drafted in part by Mr. Nitze, which
  
concluded that American nuclear deterrence and the
  
country's survival were imperiled. ■ Already
  several thousand jobs have been lost or are in
  jeopardy since the free-trade vote was taken, even
  though 1.5 million more Canadians voted no than
  voted yes. 
Already several thousand jobs have been
  
lost or are endangered since the free-trade vote
  
was taken, even though 1.5 million more Canadians
  
voted no than voted yes. 

 in length 
last; long; delete. Vehicle owners may
  choose any combination of letters and numbers
  between two and seven characters in length for
  their plates. 
Vehicle owners may choose any
  
combination of letters and numbers between two and
  
seven characters for their plates. ■ The snakes,
  which can grow to 13 feet in length, seem to be
  everywhere. 
The snakes, which can grow to 13 feet,
  
seem to be everywhere. ■ The panel discussion
  itself will be two hours in length. 
The panel
  
discussion itself will last two hours. ■ To get
  your company some free, positive public exposure,
  issue press releases (three to four paragraphs in
  length). 
To get your company some free, positive
  
public exposure, issue press releases (three to
  
four paragraphs). ■ Each of these sonatas is
  approximately 45 minutes in length. 
Each of these
  
sonatas is approximately 45 minutes long. ■ A
  one-semester text envisioned to be 300 pages in
  length may have no market if the author's final
  version runs to 900 pages. 
A one-semester text
  
envisioned to be 300 pages may have no market if
  
the author's final version runs to 900 pages. 

 in (the) light of the fact that 
because;
  
considering; for; in that; since; when. This is
  clumsy by comparison to the Macintosh file system's
  embedded information about files, especially in
  light of the fact that you might have MultiMate,
  Word, and DisplayWrite on the same disk─and they
  all use .DOC extensions on their files. 
This is
  
clumsy by comparison to the Macintosh file system's
  
embedded information about files, especially
  
because you might have MultiMate, Word, and
  
DisplayWrite on the same disk─and they all use .DOC
  
extensions on their files. ■ She called her
  husband to their lower road home, which is
  interesting in light of the fact that she killed
  him and not herself. 
She called her husband to
  
their lower road home, which is interesting
  
considering she killed him and not herself. ■ In
  light of the fact that abortion is legal and that
  the research in question is intended to achieve
  significant medical goals, the Panel concludes that
  the use of such tissue is acceptable public policy.
  
Since abortion is legal and the research in
  
question is intended to achieve significant medical
  
goals, the Panel concludes that the use of such
  
tissue is acceptable public policy. 

 in like fashion (manner) 
likewise; similarly. In
  like fashion, managers need to know how they are
  doing from the viewpoints of those they are paid to
  serve. 
Likewise, managers need to know how they
  
are doing from the viewpoints of those they are
  
paid to serve. ■ In like manner, the corporate
  budget office will consolidate and prepare a
  corporate office under the overall supervision of
  the chief financial officer. 
Similarly, the
  
corporate budget office will consolidate and
  
prepare a corporate office under the overall
  
supervision of the chief financial officer. 

 in (a; the) ... manner 
-(al)ly; delete. In
  killing her abusive husband, she did not deal with
  his behavior in an appropriate manner. 
In killing
  
her abusive husband, she did not deal appropriately
  
with his behavior. ■ American businesses, as
  virtual extensions abroad of the United States
  itself, should conduct their foreign operations in
  an ethical and moral manner. 
American businesses,
  
as virtual extensions abroad of the United States
  
itself, should conduct their foreign operations
  
ethically and morally. ■ When carried out in a
  professional and systematic manner, personal
  contact in banking relationships has enabled some
  banks to differentiate themselves through
  relationship management. 
When carried out
  
professionally and systematically, personal contact
  
in banking relationships has enabled some banks to
  
differentiate themselves through relationship
  
management. ■ I hope future stories dealing with
  sensitive issues such as this will be handled in a
  more responsible and accurate manner. 
I hope
  
future stories dealing with sensitive issues such
  
as this will be handled more responsibly and
  
accurately. 

 in many (most) cases 
almost all; almost always;
  
commonly; frequently; many; many times; most; most
  
often; much; nearly all; nearly always; normally;
  
often; typically; usually. In most cases, the
  pitch can be approximated or laid off with a scale
  or dividers. 
Usually, the pitch can be
  
approximated or laid off with a scale or dividers.
  ■ In most cases, the drug has been beneficial and
  has solved more problems than it created. 
Most
  
often, the drug has been beneficial and has solved
  
more problems than it created. ■ In most cases,
  LBO operators are paying huge premiums to gain
  control of their target companies. 
Most LBO
  
operators are paying huge premiums to gain control
  
of their target companies. ■ In many cases,
  networks are either too expensive or too
  complicated for users. 
Many networks are often
  
either too expensive or too complicated for users.
  ■ In many cases, their growth rates are larger than
  those for whites, whose numbers have declined.
  
Commonly, their growth rates are larger than those
  
for whites, whose numbers have declined. ■ In too
  many cases, U.S. businesses that should be
  competitive by world standards have been hurt. 
Too
  
often, U.S. businesses that should be competitive
  
by world standards have been hurt. 

 in many (most) circumstances 
almost all; almost
  
always; commonly; frequently; many; many times;
  
most; most often; much; nearly all; nearly always;
  
normally; often; ordinarily; typically; usually.
  
RISC microprocessors operate faster than CISC
  microprocessors in many circumstances. 
RISC
  
microprocessors often operate faster than CISC
  
microprocessors. ■ Death certificates are public
  records and information about how people died
  should be available in most circumstances. 
Death
  
certificates are public records and information
  
about how people died should usually be available.

 in many (most) instances 
almost all; almost
  
always; commonly; frequently; many; many times;
  
most; most often; much; nearly all; nearly always;
  
normally; often; ordinarily; typically; usually.
  
In many instances, the family is in a state of
  dysfunction and disrepair. 
Often, the family is in
  
a state of dysfunction and disrepair. ■ In most
  instances, change is resisted. 
Change is usually
  
resisted. ■ In most instances, the contracts are
  closed out before the settlement date without the
  making or taking of delivery of the securities.
  
Typically, the contracts are closed out before the
  
settlement date without the making or taking of
  
delivery of the securities. ■ With inflation held
  to moderate levels, shoppers are opting in many
  instances for store brands, which cost a little
  more than generics. 
With inflation held to
  
moderate levels, many shoppers are opting for store
  
brands, which cost a little more than generics. ■
  Such a license is merely a formality and, in most
  instances, is as easy to acquire as a Social
  Security card. 
Such a license is merely a
  
formality and, normally, is as easy to acquire as a
  
Social Security card. 

 in many (most) regards 
almost always; largely;
  
many; most; mostly; most often; nearly always;
  
often; usually. 

 in many (most) respects 
almost always; largely;
  
many; most; mostly; most often; nearly always;
  
often; usually. We're dealing with an illness that
  is medical in many respects. 
We're dealing with an
  
illness that is mostly medical. ■ In most
  respects, competition among banks has been polite.
  
Competition among banks has been largely polite.
  ■ This body of information in many respects
  represents the most personal and intimate details
  of a person's being. 
This body of information
  
represents many of the most personal and intimate
  
details of a person's being. 

 in many (most) situations 
almost all; almost
  
always; commonly; frequently; many; many times;
  
most; most often; much; nearly all; nearly always;
  
normally; often; ordinarily; typically; usually.
  
The speed with which a modem can transmit and
  receive data is important in many situations. 
The
  
speed with which a modem can transmit and receive
  
data is usually important. ■ This is helpful in
  many situations, but when executing commands,
  holding a function key down too long can cause
  problems. 
This is often helpful, but when
  
executing commands, holding a function key down too
  
long can cause problems. 

 in (our) midst 
among (us). 

 in much the same fashion (manner; way) (as; that)
  
much as; much like. Though similar in size,
  material, and color and fabricated in much the same
  way as their plainer cousins, the new tokens bore
  various kinds of surface markings and showed a
  greater variety of shapes. 
Though similar in size,
  
material, and color and fabricated much like their
  
plainer cousins, the new tokens bore various kinds
  
of surface markings and showed a greater variety of
  
shapes. ■ Many analysts maintain that natural,
  fully integrated companies run by Saudis or
  Kuwaitis will operate in much the same manner that
  the U.S. and European oil majors do, guided more by
  the bottom line than politics. 
Many analysts
  
maintain that natural, fully integrated companies
  
run by Saudis or Kuwaitis will operate much as the
  
U.S. and European oil majors do, guided more by the
  
bottom line than politics. ■ At the heart of the
  problem is an educational system that has failed to
  keep pace with a changing national economy and that
  has been teaching math and science in much the same
  way they have been taught for decades. 
At the
  
heart of the problem is an educational system that
  
has failed to keep pace with a changing national
  
economy and that has been teaching math and science
  
much as they have been taught for decades.

 in my assessment 
I assert; I believe; I claim; I
  
consider; I contend; I feel; I hold; I judge; I
  
maintain; I regard; I say; I think; I view; to me;
  
delete. In my assessment, the most desirable
  changes for commercial banks to incorporate are as
  follows. 
To me, the most desirable changes for
  
commercial banks to incorporate are as follows. 

 in my estimation 
I assert; I believe; I claim; I
  
consider; I contend; I feel; I hold; I judge; I
  
maintain; I regard; I say; I think; I view; to me;
  
delete. In my estimation, the treatment is
  suitable to Mr. Ross's case. 
I feel the treatment
  
is suitable to Mr. Ross's case. ■ Why was it
  necessary, in your estimation, to occupy the New
  Africa House? 
Why do you think it was necessary to
  
occupy the New Africa House? ■ The traffic, in my
  estimation, will be heavier this year than last
  year. 
I believe the traffic will be heavier this
  
year than last year. 

 in my judgment 
I assert; I believe; I claim; I
  
consider; I contend; I feel; I hold; I judge; I
  
maintain; I regard; I say; I think; I view; to me;
  
delete. The most critical issue confronting
  America, in my judgment, is how we match
  educational accessibility and opportunity to the
  demographic change. 
The most critical issue
  
confronting America, I contend, is how we match
  
educational accessibility and opportunity to the
  
demographic change. ■ In my judgment, what they
  have done─declare that the unborn child is not a
  person─is shocking. 
To me, what they have
  
done─declare that the unborn child is not a
  
person─is shocking. 

 in my (own) mind 
for myself; delete. I had to
  find out in my own mind if quiet diplomacy would
  work. 
I had to find out for myself if quiet
  
diplomacy would work. ■ In his mind, he thought he
  had a full bottle. 
He thought he had a full
  
bottle. 

 (to) ... in my (own) mind's eye 
envisage;
  
envision; imagine; visualize; delete. Once you get
  to the gate, you need to review in your mind's eye
  where the engines are. 
Once you get to the gate,
  
you need to visualize where the engines are. 

 in my opinion 
I assert; I believe; I claim; I
  
consider; I contend; I feel; I hold; I judge; I
  
maintain; I regard; I say; I think; I view; to me;
  
delete. In my opinion, the cruelest aggression is
  nonverbal, passive aggression. 
To me, the cruelest
  
aggression is nonverbal, passive aggression. ■ If
  your final manuscript is not acceptable to us, or
  if it is not delivered on schedule, and if in our
  opinion an extension of time is not advisable, we
  may at any time thereafter and at our option
  terminate this agreement by notice in writing
  mailed to your last known address. 
If your final
  
manuscript is not acceptable to us, or if it is not
  
delivered on schedule, and if we believe an
  
extension of time is not advisable, we may at any
  
time thereafter and at our option terminate this
  
agreement by notice in writing mailed to your last
  
known address.

 in my view 
I assert; I believe; I claim; I
  
consider; I contend; I feel; I hold; I judge; I
  
maintain; I regard; I say; I think; I view; to me;
  
delete. In my view, most of these principles were
  narrow in scope. 
I believe most of these
  
principles were narrow in scope. ■ In my view, we
  should appraise the education system chiefly in
  terms of demonstrated skills and knowledge gained
  by those who have passed through it. 
I feel we
  
should appraise the education system chiefly in
  
terms of demonstrated skills and knowledge gained
  
by those who have passed through it. 

 in nature  delete. One of the problems is that
  workloads are so diverse in nature. 
One of the
  
problems is that workloads are so diverse. ■ Many
  of these pieces of clothing are ceremonial in
  nature. 
Many of these pieces of clothing are
  
ceremonial. ■ Christianity is theistic and
  revelatory in nature; the New Age is humanistic and
  generally solipsistic in nature. 
Christianity is
  
theistic and revelatory; the New Age is humanistic
  
and generally solipsistic. ■ This technique can be
  used when the misbehavior is seen by the supervisor
  as temporary in nature, nontypical, and not
  serious. 
This technique can be used when the
  
misbehavior is seen by the supervisor as temporary,
  
nontypical, and not serious. ■ There was an
  accident, minor in nature, on Route 495. 
There was
  
a minor accident on Route 495. ■ Her evaluations
  are very subjective and judgmental in nature. 
Her
  
evaluations are very subjective and judgmental.

 in no case 
never; not; not ever; not once. In no
  case would I recommend anything that could lead to
  the situation at Agawam. 
Never would I recommend
  
anything that could lead to the situation at
  
Agawam. 

 in normal (ordinary; typical; usual) practice
  
commonly; customarily; normally; ordinarily;
  
typically; usually. In normal practice, the party
  chairman is nominated, and the voting delegation
  then stands in unison to express its support.
  
Normally, the party chairman is nominated, and the
  
voting delegation then stands in unison to express
  
its support. 

 in no small measure 
almost all; chiefly; commonly;
  
generally; greatly; in general; largely; mainly;
  
most; mostly; most often; much; nearly all;
  
normally; overall; typically; usually. Our
  continued success is due in no small measure to
  their contribution on a daily basis. 
Our continued
  
success is greatly due to their contribution on a
  
daily basis. 

 in no small part 
almost all; chiefly; commonly;
  
generally; greatly; in general; largely; mainly;
  
most; mostly; most often; much; nearly all;
  
normally; overall; typically; usually. And I
  continue to feel that his lifelong feelings of
  inadequacy and frustration stemmed in no small part
  from the limitations that he imposed upon his work.
  
And I continue to feel that his lifelong feelings
  
of inadequacy and frustration stemmed largely from
  
the limitations that he imposed upon his work. 

 in no time (at all) 
promptly; quickly; rapidly;
  
right away; shortly; soon; speedily; swiftly. 

 innovative new 
innovative; new. An innovative new
  product combining the latest in communications
  technology is being installed in courthouses and
  recording offices throughout the country for public
  use. 
A new product combining the latest in
  
communications technology is being installed in
  
courthouses and recording offices throughout the
  
country for public use. ■ The oven's innovative
  new single burner design performs bake, broil, and
  self-clean functions thanks to a novel flame
  switching technique that creates a low radiant
  flame for baking and a high radiant flame required
  for broiling. 
The oven's innovative single burner
  
design performs bake, broil, and self-clean
  
functions thanks to a novel flame switching
  
technique that creates a low radiant flame for
  
baking and a high radiant flame required for
  
broiling. 

 in no way 
never; not; not ever; not once. In no
  way are they meant to represent the official
  position of NYNEX. 
They are not meant to represent
  
the official position of NYNEX. 

 in no way, shape, or form 
in no way; never; not;
  
not ever; not once. In no way, shape, or form did
  we aid anyone or offer incentives to anyone to go
  to the town meeting. 
Never did we aid anyone or
  
offer incentives to anyone to go to the town
  
meeting. 

 in number  delete. Characteristics of the
  collaborative phase include team actions to solve
  problems, reduction of headquarters staff in
  number, and simplification of formal systems.
  
Characteristics of the collaborative phase include
  
team actions to solve problems, reduction of
  
headquarters staff, and simplification of formal
  
systems. ■ Nineteenth-century sweatshops are once
  again increasing in number. 
Nineteenth-century
  
sweatshops are once again increasing. ■ Since
  1987, nongroup Blue Cross subscribers dropped in
  number from 162,000 to 147,000. 
Since 1987,
  
nongroup Blue Cross subscribers dropped from
  
162,000 to 147,000.

 innumerable 
countless; endless; infinite; millions
  
(of); myriad; numberless; untold. 

 in (March) of (1992) 
in (March) (1992). The
  second moving year begins in February of 1984 and
  extends through January of 1985. 
The second moving
  
year begins in February 1984 and extends through
  
January 1985. ■ I had my surgery in June of 1979.
  
I had my surgery in June 1979. 

 in (the) olden days 
before; earlier; formerly;
  
once. 

 in operation 
active; functioning; in place;
  
running; set up; working; delete. A large
  midwestern bank has had a performance monitoring
  program in operation since 1981. 
A large
  
midwestern bank has had a performance monitoring
  
program since 1981.

 in opposition to 
against; with. Based on records
  of northeast Japan earthquakes since 1600, two
  geophysicists now propose this scenario in
  opposition to a long-held theory suggesting
  offshore earthquakes instead generate onshore
  quakes. 
Based on records of northeast Japan
  
earthquakes since 1600, two geophysicists now
  
propose this scenario against a long-held theory
  
suggesting offshore earthquakes instead generate
  
onshore quakes. 

 in ... order 
-(al)ly; delete. We examine, in
  alphabetical order, all the MLI commands that make
  up GS/OS and ProDOS 8. 
We examine, alphabetically,
  
all the MLI commands that make up GS/OS and ProDOS
  
8. ■ Press N to have endnotes continue in
  sequential order. 
Press N to have endnotes
  
continue sequentially. ■ The available diskettes
  are listed in 
Data Files, in alphabetical order.
  

The available diskettes are alphabetically listed
  
in Data Files. 

 in order for 
for. If you have the therapy, you
  have to use it in order for it to work. 
If you
  
have the therapy, you have to use it for it to
  
work. ■ Is it necessary that animals die in order
  for humans to live? 
Is it necessary that animals
  
die for humans to live? ■ In order for
  communication to be effective, both the receiver
  and sender must attribute one symbolic meaning to a
  word. 
For communication to be effective, both the
  
receiver and sender must attribute one symbolic
  
meaning to a word. 

 in order that 
for; so; so that; that. In order
  that the bully boss can score a kill, you have to
  play the part of the victim. 
For the bully boss to
  
score a kill, you have to play the part of the
  
victim. ■ Past coping behavior must be assessed in
  order that current behavior is supported or more
  effective patterns are established. 
Past coping
  
behavior must be assessed so that current behavior
  
is supported or more effective patterns are
  
established. ■ The overall dimension and the radii
  are given in order that their centers may be
  located. 
The overall dimension and the radii are
  
given so that their centers may be located. 

 in order to 
so as to; to. In order to qualify for
  a heart transplant, certain criteria must be met,
  one of which is having less than a year to live.
  
To qualify for a heart transplant, certain
  
criteria must be met, one of which is having less
  
than a year to live. ■ Sometimes quite a bit of
  background information, as well as context, is
  necessary in order to interpret a reference.
  
Sometimes quite a bit of background information,
  
as well as context, is necessary to interpret a
  
reference. ■ Every good marketer knows that in
  order to sell successfully, you must first
  understand your customers and their needs. 
Every
  
good marketer knows that to sell successfully, you
  
must first understand your customers and their
  
needs. 

 in other cases (circumstances; instances;
  situations) 
at times; other; (at) other times;
  
some; sometimes; delete. In other cases, the
  application may be more mundane, like helping users
  set up newly delivered microcomputers. 
Other
  
applications may be more mundane, like helping
  
users set up newly delivered microcomputers. ■ In
  other instances, where the job is creative or where
  the work is the result of a team-centered
  environment, a participative style is indicated.
  
Where the job is creative or where the work is the
  
result of a team-centered environment, a
  
participative style is indicated. ■ Growths can
  obstruct the ovaries or tubes, but in other cases
  there is no blockage. 
Growths can obstruct the
  
ovaries or tubes, but sometimes there is no
  
blockage. 

 in other words 
namely; that is; to wit. The
  directory names in the chain must define a
  continuous path; in other words, each directory
  specified must be contained within the preceding
  directory. 
The directory names in the chain must
  
define a continuous path; that is, each directory
  
specified must be contained within the preceding
  
directory. 

 in partial fulfillment of 
toward. 

 in (over) (the) past days (decades; months; weeks;
  years) 
before; earlier; formerly; once. 

 in payment for (of) 
for. Connoisseurs of the
  region cannot help wondering what Assad could offer
  Washington in payment for such a favor.
  
Connoisseurs of the region cannot help wondering
  
what Assad could offer Washington for such a favor.

 in perpetuity 
always; ceaselessly; constantly;
  
endlessly; eternally; everlastingly; forever; never
  
ending; perpetually. It promised to preserve the
  rest of the farm in perpetuity as farm or forest.
  
It promised to preserve the rest of the farm
  
forever as farm or forest. 

 in place of 
for. Table 11.1 can be used for the
  UNR thread form by substituting UNR in place of UN.
  
Table 11.1 can be used for the UNR thread form by
  
substituting UNR for UN. ■ No reasonably literate
  person of my acquaintance says ``sunk'' in place of
  ``sank.'' 
No reasonably literate person of my
  
acquaintance says ``sunk'' for ``sank.'' 

 in point of 
about; as for; as to; concerning; for;
  
in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; with; delete.

 in point of fact 
actually; indeed; in fact; in
  
faith; in reality; in truth; really; truly;
  
delete. The U.S. government said he wasn't working
  for them, but in point of fact, he was a military
  attache. 
The U.S. government said he wasn't
  
working for them, but in truth he was a military
  
attache. ■ You may have assumed that sectors are
  numbered sequentially around the track, and in
  point of fact, many times they are. 
You may have
  
assumed that sectors are numbered sequentially
  
around the track, and indeed, many times they are.

 in preference to 
over. Mile's new product
  emphasis is on performance in preference to
  fashion. 
Mile's new product emphasis is on
  
performance over fashion. 

 in proportion to 
for; with. 

 in proximity (to) 
close by; close to; near;
  
nearby. The property is in proximity to
  metropolitan Boston. 
The property is near
  
metropolitan Boston. 

 in punishment for (of) 
for. 

 in pursuit of 
exploring; probing; pursuing;
  
searching; seeking. One would think they could
  better spend their time in pursuit of the pressing
  problems which beset the Redevelopment Authority
  and the city's development plans. 
One would think
  
they could better spend their time pursuing the
  
pressing problems which beset the Redevelopment
  
Authority and the city's development plans. 

 input 
clout; pull; say; voice. I have a lot of
  input into what I'll wear on the set. 
I have a lot
  
of say about what I'll wear on the set. ■ It has
  some input in long-term strategy and certainly in
  the selection of senior management but little in
  the day-to-day running of the business. 
It has
  
some voice in long-term strategy and certainly in
  
the selection of senior management but little in
  
the day-to-day running of the business. 

 input 
thoughts; views. These style alternatives
  do not solicit employee input. 
These style
  
alternatives do not solicit employee views. ■ Do
  you have any more input about his predicament? 
Do
  
you have any more thoughts about his predicament?

 (the) ... in question 
the; that; this; delete.
  Neither Phillips nor any of its subsidiaries has
  ever sold the chemical in question to Libya.
  
Neither Phillips nor any of its subsidiaries has
  
ever sold this chemical to Libya. ■ He did not
  acknowledge that decree violations had occurred,
  but said that Nynex had or would discontinue the
  practice in question. 
He did not acknowledge that
  
decree violations had occurred, but said that Nynex
  
had or would discontinue the practice. ■ Actually
  there is nothing embarrassing about this discovery
  unless the passions in question are masked in
  pretended objectivity and are themselves
  embarrassing. 
Actually there is nothing
  
embarrassing about this discovery unless these
  
passions are masked in pretended objectivity and
  
are themselves embarrassing. 

 in quick (short) order 
directly; presently;
  
promptly; quickly; shortly; soon; straightaway.
  
IBM's major (.0) releases often have these
  problems, sometimes bugs, and sometimes simply
  changes, and they are followed in short order by
  the .1 versions. 
IBM's major (.0) releases often
  
have these problems, sometimes bugs, and sometimes
  
simply changes, and they are followed shortly by
  
the .1 versions. ■ The first volume of 
The
  
Feynman Lectures on Physics was published the
  
previous year, and two more volumes followed in
  
quick order. 
The first volume of The Feynman
  Lectures on Physics 
was published the previous
  
year, and two more volumes soon followed. 

 inquire (about; of) 
ask. May I inquire how you
  were able to do that? 
May I ask how you were able
  
to do that? ■ Everyone has been inquiring about
  the status of cable installation. 
Everyone has
  
been asking about the status of cable
  
installation. ■ I inquired of the doctor why these
  children have distended stomachs. 
I asked the
  
doctor why these children have distended stomachs.

 in reaction to 
after; because of; by; due to;
  
following; for; from; in; out of; owing to;
  
through; with. 

 in reality 
actually; indeed; in fact; in faith; in
  
truth; really; truly; delete. 

 in recent days (decades; months; weeks; years)
  
lately; of late; recent; recently; delete. In
  recent years, much discussion has taken place about
  opening central office switching markets to
  increased competition. 
Lately, much discussion has
  
taken place about opening central office switching
  
markets to increased competition. ■ Some officials
  had suggested in recent days that the meeting might
  lead to some interim agreement─or
  ``confidence-building measures''─on at least some
  aspects of the treaty under negotiation in Geneva.
  
Some officials had recently suggested that the
  
meeting might lead to some interim agreement─or
  
``confidence-building measures''─on at least some
  
aspects of the treaty under negotiation in Geneva.
  ■ In recent decades, subpopulations of Rhagoletis
  have developed a clear preference for one kind of
  tree or the other. 
Of late, subpopulations of
  
Rhagoletis have developed a clear preference for
  
one kind of tree or the other. ■ But events have
  not been kind to the university in recent weeks.
  
But recent events have not been kind to the
  
university. 

 in recent history (memory; times) 
in days (months;
  
weeks; years); lately; of late; recent; recently;
  
delete. 
The Wall Street Journal earlier this
  
month noted that Macmillan tried more defenses and
  
pushed them further than almost any company in
  
recent memory. The Wall Street Journal 
earlier
  
this month noted that Macmillan tried more defenses
  
and pushed them further than almost any company of
  
late. ■ It is the largest drop in auto insurance
  rates in recent memory. 
It is the largest drop in
  
auto insurance rates in years. ■ He concedes that
  the ratio of reserves in the FDIC to deposits in
  banks is at its lowest level in recent history. 
He
  
concedes that the ratio of reserves in the FDIC to
  
deposits in banks is at its lowest level in
  
months. ■ New breeds of animals and plants have,
  of course, arisen throughout the planet's history
  through evolution and, in recent times, through the
  selective mating of individuals with desired
  characteristics. 
New breeds of animals and plants
  
have, of course, arisen throughout the planet's
  
history through evolution and, recently, through
  
the selective mating of individuals with desired
  
characteristics. 

 in recorded history 
on record; recorded. Though
  final figures aren't yet in, as of November 1 this
  has been the hottest year in recorded history.
  
Though final figures aren't yet in, as of November
  
1 this has been the hottest year on record. 

 in reference to 
about; as for; as to; concerning;
  
for; in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; with; delete. Never make any assumptions
  or promises in reference to product flaws, but
  report all instances either to customer service or
  the appropriate management personnel for corrective
  action. 
Never make any assumptions or promises
  
about product flaws, but report all instances
  
either to customer service or the appropriate
  
management personnel for corrective action. 

 in regard(s) to 
about; as for; as to; concerning;
  
for; in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; with; delete. They questioned me in regard
  to a 1986 rape and murder case. 
They questioned me
  
about a 1986 rape and murder case. ■ The U.S.
  government is currently pushing hard for greater
  international protection of intellectual property
  rights, particularly in regard to patents,
  copyrights, and trademarks. 
The U.S. government is
  
currently pushing hard for greater international
  
protection of intellectual property rights,
  
particularly for patents, copyrights, and
  
trademarks. 

 in relation to 
about; as for; as to; concerning;
  
for; in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; with; delete. But how high a cholesterol
  level is too high and how you evaluate those levels
  in relation to the individual have not been
  answered. 
But how high a cholesterol level is too
  
high and how you evaluate those levels in the
  
individual have not been answered. ■ The
  researchers interviewed the survivors in relation
  to six areas of postwar life. 
The researchers
  
interviewed the survivors regarding six areas of
  
postwar life.

 in relation (relationship) to 
against; alongside;
  
beside; compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less
  
than; more; more than; next to; over; than; to;
  
versus; vis-a-vis. The small-business computer
  market has been accelerating slowly in relation to
  the overall information processing market. 
The
  
small-business computer market has been
  
accelerating slower than the overall information
  
processing market. ■ When this information is
  considered in relation to the magnitude and
  direction of planned company growth, future
  manpower needs can be predicted. 
When this
  
information is considered alongside the magnitude
  
and direction of planned company growth, future
  
manpower needs can be predicted. 

 in repetition 
again; over. 

 in resistance to 
against; with. 

 in respect of (to) 
about; as for; as to;
  
concerning; for; in; of; on; over; regarding;
  
respecting; to; toward; with; delete. Some
  additional perspective is needed in respect to
  South Korea. 
Some additional perspective is needed
  
on South Korea. ■ Its power to effect major policy
  changes, particularly in respect to foreign
  affairs, is now exceedingly limited. 
Its power to
  
effect major policy changes, particularly in
  
foreign affairs, is now exceedingly limited. 

 in response to 
after; because of; by; due to;
  
following; for; from; in; out of; owing to;
  
through; with. It became the object of widespread
  screening in the United States in the early 1970s,
  partly in response to demands by the black
  community for better health care. 
It became the
  
object of widespread screening in the United States
  
in the early 1970s, partly because of demands by
  
the black community for better health care. ■ The
  dollar yesterday fell against most major currencies
  in response to renewed dollar sales by central
  banks and a bearish statement by a West German
  banking official. 
The dollar yesterday fell
  
against most major currencies following renewed
  
dollar sales by central banks and a bearish
  
statement by a West German banking official. 

 in return (for) 
for. Switch traders are
  specialized third-party trading houses that have
  developed extensive international networks of
  contracts and are willing, in return for a fee, to
  find buyers for countertraded goods. 
Switch
  
traders are specialized third-party trading houses
  
that have developed extensive international
  
networks of contracts and are willing, for a fee,
  
to find buyers for countertraded goods. ■ Agency
  officials speculate that is why residents who
  completed the survey, when asked, focused on the
  little things─for example, the letters that
  promised so much in return for so little. 
Agency
  
officials speculate that is why residents who
  
completed the survey, when asked, focused on the
  
little things─for example, the letters that
  
promised so much for so little.

 in (the) time(s) of 
amid; during; in; over;
  
throughout. The substantial risk of investment in
  junk bonds, particularly in times of economic
  uncertainty, is often disregarded by small
  investors. 
The substantial risk of investment in
  
junk bonds, particularly amid economic uncertainty,
  
is often disregarded by small investors. ■ In the
  time of the Great Depression, it was common for
  people to have five, six, or more children. 
During
  
the Great Depression, it was common for people to
  
have five, six, or more children. 

 in ... tones 
-(al)ly; delete.  Police officers
  trooped into every grammar school in the city to
  talk with kids, explaining in dispassionate tones
  the use and abuse of crack. 
Police officers
  
trooped into every grammar school in the city to
  
talk with kids, explaining dispassionately the use
  
and abuse of crack. 

 in trade (for) 
for. 

 introduce (a; the) new 
introduce. In 1983, Apple
  introduced a new, easier-to-use computer called the
  Lisa. 
In 1983, Apple introduced an easier-to-use
  
computer called the Lisa. ■ He said both today and
  tomorrow would be bank holidays to give time to
  introduce the new monetary measures. 
He said both
  
today and tomorrow would be bank holidays to give
  
time to introduce the monetary measures. 

 inure to the benefit of 
inure to. This agreement
  shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of
  the executors, administrators, and assigns of the
  Author and of the Client. 
This agreement shall be
  
binding upon and inure to the executors,
  
administrators, and assigns of the Author and of
  
the Client. 

 in (to; with) various (varying) degrees (extents)
  
in part; in some way; more or less; partially;
  
partly; rather; some; somehow; someway(s);
  
somewhat; to some degree (extent); various;
  
variously; varying; varyingly; delete.  All
  foreign marketing efforts depend, to varying
  degrees, on the marketing resources, capabilities,
  and experience of the parent company. 
All foreign
  
marketing efforts varyingly depend on the marketing
  
resources, capabilities, and experience of the
  
parent company. ■ These minicomputer makers are
  all, in various degrees, struggling to come to
  terms with the changing demands of computer
  languages. 
These minicomputer makers are all, in
  
some way, struggling to come to terms with the
  
changing demands of computer languages. 

 invidious discrimination 
discrimination;
  
invidiousness. 

 in view of the fact that 
because; considering;
  
for; in that; since; when. These results are
  particularly interesting in view of the fact that
  Christian Scientists are forbidden to either smoke
  or drink. 
These results are particularly
  
interesting considering Christian Scientists are
  
forbidden to either smoke or drink. ■ Little
  emphasis is placed on speaking, and almost no
  attention has been given to the skill of listening,
  strange as this may be in view of the fact that so
  much lecturing is done in college. 
Little emphasis
  
is placed on speaking, and almost no attention has
  
been given to the skill of listening, strange as
  
this may be when so much lecturing is done in
  
college. ■ While this goal is ambitious, it is not
  beyond reach, particularly in view of the fact that
  the college has surpassed its annual goal funds for
  each of the last two years. 
While this goal is
  
ambitious, it is not beyond reach, particularly
  
since the college has surpassed its annual goal
  
funds for each of the last two years. 

 in view of the fact that 
whereas. 

 invited guest 
guest. 

 involve 
for; in; mean; of; with; delete.  Census
  II involves using several different types of moving
  averages to identify trends and outliers within a
  data set. 
Census II uses several different types
  
of moving averages to identify trends and outliers
  
within a data set. ■ Weld will be paid more than
  $200,000 a year to defend cases involving white
  collar crime. 
Weld will be paid more than $200,000
  
a year to defend cases of white collar crime. ■
  Foreign marketing involves crossing national
  borders and thus is concerned with a unique set of
  issues and problems. 
Foreign marketing means
  
crossing national borders and thus is concerned
  
with a unique set of issues and problems. ■
  Emergency-room admissions involving cocaine abuse
  have nearly doubled each year since 1984.
  
Emergency-room admissions for cocaine abuse have
  
nearly doubled each year since 1984. ■ The
  operation is self-sustaining and has operated with
  no public-sector funding involved. 
The operation
  
is self-sustaining and has operated with no
  
public-sector funding. 

 involved in 
in; of; within; delete.  The costs
  involved in refurbishing the building are
  prohibitive. 
The costs of refurbishing the
  
building are prohibitive. ■ How many times have
  you been involved in a conversation and tuned out
  the speaker? 
How many times have you been in a
  
conversation and tuned out the speaker? ■ He has
  been involved in organizing veterans since the
  outset of the case. 
He has been organizing
  
veterans since the outset of the case. ■ We are
  currently involved in updating our list. 
We are
  
currently updating our list. 

 in (a; the) ... way 
-(al)ly; delete.  Each of
  these variations can be revised in a different way.
  
Each of these variations can be revised
  
differently. ■ Computer systems differ in a
  significant way from stereos. 
Computer systems
  
differ significantly from stereos. ■ Every group
  that has scrutinized this product in an impartial
  way agrees it is safe. 
Every group that has
  
impartially scrutinized this product agrees it is
  
safe. ■ They're looking for permission to behave
  in a human way. 
They're looking for permission to
  
behave humanly. ■ These people were acting in
  violent ways. 
These people were acting violently.
  ■ She treated him in a loving way. 
She treated him
  
lovingly. ■ He said it in a joking way. 
He said
  
it jokingly. ■ A home equity credit line with VISA
  card access or a variable-rate CD marketed in an
  aggressive way would probably work better with an
  empty nest, planner and dealer. 
A home equity
  
credit line with VISA card access or a
  
variable-rate CD aggressively marketed would
  
probably work better with an empty nest, planner
  
and dealer. 

 in whatever (whichever) fashion (manner; way)
  
despite how; however. In whatever way it comes,
  the decision will be an important one. 
Despite how
  
it comes, the decision will be an important one. ■
  They should be allowed to make the 5-percent
  across-the-board cut in whatever fashion they
  choose. 
They should be allowed to make the
  
5-percent across-the-board cut however they choose.

 in what (which) fashion (manner; way) 
how. In
  what fashion does imaging technology offer
  potential competitive advantage? 
How does imaging
  
technology offer potential competitive advantage?

 in what (which) regard (respect) 
how. In what
  respect was this investment ``tax free''? 
How was
  
this investment ``tax free''? 

 in width 
wide; delete.  In high-performance hard
  disks, these tracks are roughly 1 micrometer in
  width. 
In high-performance hard disks, these
  
tracks are roughly 1 micrometer wide. 

 irregardless of 
despite; no matter; regardless of.

 irrelevancy 
irrelevance. 

 irrespective of (what) 
despite (what); no matter
  
what; regardless of; whatever. The product-first
  approach meant marketing the same product to all
  customers, irrespective of their profiles. 
The
  
product-first approach meant marketing the same
  
product to all customers, regardless of their
  
profiles. ■ Irrespective of the reasons, the
  voters simply do not want to participate in a
  collaborative project. 
No matter what the reasons,
  
the voters simply do not want to participate in a
  
collaborative project. ■ Irrespective of the
  genesis of the original product, the experience and
  perceptions of international marketing managers and
  overseas customers must be taken into account prior
  to product modification. 
Despite the genesis of
  
the original product, the experience and
  
perceptions of international marketing managers and
  
overseas customers must be taken into account prior
  
to product modification. ■ It is time for all of
  us to do something, irrespective of the odds or
  risks, about what we know to be important and just.
  
It is time for all of us to do something, whatever
  
the odds or risks, about what we know to be
  
important and just. 

 irrespective of how 
despite how; however; no
  
matter how; regardless of how. The margins are
  retained irrespective of how many characters are
  printed per inch. 
The margins are retained despite
  
how many characters are printed per inch. ■ Both
  have the same percentage irrespective of how much
  they have been reduced or enlarged if they have the
  same percentage rating. 
Both have the same
  
percentage no matter how much they have been
  
reduced or enlarged if they have the same
  
percentage rating. 

 irrespective of the fact that 
although; but; even
  
though; still; though; yet. 

 irrespective of when 
despite when; no matter when;
  
regardless of when; whenever. 

 irrespective of where 
despite where; no matter
  
where; regardless of where; wherever. A successful
  company must have the necessary skill sets to meet
  the needs and wants of its customers irrespective
  of where they may do business. 
A successful
  
company must have the necessary skill sets to meet
  
the needs and wants of its customers wherever they
  
may do business. ■ A properly drawn working
  drawing will result in the same product time and
  again, irrespective of where the product is made.
  
A properly drawn working drawing will result in
  
the same product time and again, despite where the
  
product is made. 

 irrespective of whether ... (or) 
despite whether;
  
no matter whether; regardless of whether; whether
  
... or (not). One delegate said his parish would
  continue to raise money for its diocese
  irrespective of whether the archdiocesan assessment
  is met. 
One delegate said his parish would
  
continue to raise money for its diocese whether or
  
not the archdiocesan assessment is met. 

 irrespective of which 
despite which; no matter
  
which; regardless of which; whichever. 

 irrespective of who 
despite who; no matter who;
  
regardless of who; whoever. 

 irrespective of whom 
despite whom; no matter whom;
  
regardless of whom; whomever. 

 ... is ... (that; which; who; whom) delete. Batch
  files are files that contain commands that are
  executed automatically when you turn on your
  computer or type the batch file's name. 
Batch
  
files contain commands that are executed
  
automatically when you turn on your computer or
  
type the batch file's name. ■ Domestic
  corporations are corporations that do business in
  the state in which they are chartered, and foreign
  corporations are corporations that do business
  outside their chartered state. 
Domestic
  
corporations do business in the state in which they
  
are chartered, and foreign corporations do business
  
outside their chartered state. 

 is able to 
can. Investors are able to buy and
  sell any quantity of securities. 
Investors can buy
  
and sell any quantity of securities. ■ But not all
  Chinese are able to do that. 
But not all Chinese
  
can do that. 

 is (was) accustomed to (-ing) 
will (would). They
  are accustomed to talking until late into the
  night. 
They will talk until late into the night.

 is a consequence of 
arises from; results from;
  
stems from. 

 is a contribution to 
contributes to. This is a
  continuing contribution to a company's
  profitability. 
This continually contributes to a
  
company's profitability. 

 is acquainted with 
knows. 

 is a demonstration of 
demonstrates; shows; proves.

 is a description of 
describes. The attached
  proposal is a brief description of what I have in
  mind. 
The attached proposal briefly describes what
  
I have in mind. 

 is a deterrent to 
blocks; deters; hinders;
  
impedes; prevents; stops; thwarts. 

 is advantageous for (to) 
aids; benefits; favors;
  
helps. 

 is afraid of (to) 
dreads; fears; frets (about;
  
over); stews (about; over); worries (about; over).

 is a function of 
depends on; relates to. The
  popularity of fixed-rate versus adjustable-rate
  mortgages seems to be a function of the level of
  interest rates. 
The popularity of fixed-rate
  
versus adjustable-rate mortgages seems to depend on
  
the level of interest rates. 

 is a hindrance to 
blocks; deters; hinders;
  
impedes; prevents; stops; thwarts. A problem is
  any organizational issue that could be a hindrance
  to organizational success. 
A problem is any
  
organizational issue that could hinder
  
organizational success. 

 is an acquaintance of 
knows. Mr. Branch was an
  acquaintance of Miss Gregory. 
Mr. Branch knew Miss
  
Gregory. 

 is an illustration of 
illustrates. I believe that
  these moves by Texaco are a perfect illustration of
  the precept that a clear and closer relationship
  between active ownership and management will
  increase productivity. 
I believe that these moves
  
by Texaco perfectly illustrate the precept that a
  
clear and closer relationship between active
  
ownership and management will increase
  
productivity. 

 is an impediment to 
blocks; deters; hinders;
  
impedes; prevents; stops; thwarts. 

 is an indication (indicator) of 
indicates; shows;
  
signals; signifies; suggests. Internal company
  projects to develop expert system applications are
  a strong indication of the nature of the
  opportunity for AI system vendors. 
Internal
  
company projects to develop expert system
  
applications strongly suggest the nature of the
  
opportunity for AI system vendors. ■ The progress
  made in that short span of time is an indicator of
  the long-range growth of management. 
The progress
  
made in that short span of time indicates the
  
long-range growth of management. ■ The Roman
  holiday atmosphere reportedly surrounding the event
  may be an indicator of the level of civilized
  intercourse we have attained in this so-called
  advanced industrial nation. 
The Roman holiday
  
atmosphere reportedly surrounding the event may
  
signify the level of civilized intercourse we have
  
attained in this so-called advanced industrial
  
nation. 

 is an obstacle to 
blocks; deters; hinders;
  
impedes; prevents; stops; thwarts. 

 is applicable in (to) 
applies in (to); bears on;
  
concerns; pertains to; relates to. Regardless, the
  autocratic style is applicable in some situations.
  
Regardless, the autocratic style applies in some
  
situations. ■ Much of the information about
  ulcerative colitis is also applicable to other
  gastrointestinal disorders. 
Much of the
  
information about ulcerative colitis also bears on
  
other gastrointestinal disorders. ■ They also said
  their findings are only applicable to white
  populations since the Utah population is primarily
  white and descended from British and Northern
  European immigrants. 
They also said their findings
  
only pertain to white populations since the Utah
  
population is primarily white and descended from
  
British and Northern European immigrants. 

 is appreciative of 
appreciates; approves of;
  
cherishes; enjoys; esteems; likes; prizes;
  
treasures; understands; values; welcomes. We are
  especially appreciative of the item which appeared
  in the paper citing our need for volunteers. 
We
  
especially appreciate the item which appeared in
  
the paper citing our need for volunteers. ■
  Encouraging individuals to pursue the maximum of
  their capabilities in an environment that is
  appreciative of their differences, whether they be
  different backgrounds, cultures, experiences,
  sexes, age groups, races, or nationalities, is
  essential as the business world becomes more
  global. 
Encouraging individuals to pursue the
  
maximum of their capabilities in an environment
  
that prizes their differences, whether they be
  
different backgrounds, cultures, experiences,
  
sexes, age groups, races, or nationalities, is
  
essential as the business world becomes more
  
global. 

 is apprehensive of 
dreads; fears; frets (about;
  
over); stews (about; over); worries (about; over).
  
My parents were apprehensive of my going to Iran.
  
My parents dreaded my going to Iran. 

 is appropriate in (to) 
applies in (to); bears on;
  
concerns; pertains to; relates to. 

 is a (the) process that delete. Anxiety is a
  process that alerts people to possible dangers.
  
Anxiety alerts people to possible dangers. ■
  Health-care cost containment is a process that must
  be managed continuously. 
Health-care cost
  
containment must be managed continuously. 

 is a reflection of (on; upon) 
reflects (on).
  
Could it be that they felt the actions by the
  school would be a bad reflection on them? 
Could it
  
be that they felt the actions by the school would
  
badly reflect on them? ■ These rules were a
  reflection of the company's obsession with
  efficiency that, admirably, extended to plants and
  to food quality. 
These rules reflected the
  
company's obsession with efficiency that,
  
admirably, extended to plants and to food quality.
  ■ A dictionary is a reflection of the world in
  which we live. 
A dictionary reflects the world in
  
which we live. 

 is a representation of 
represents. 

 is a result of 
arises from; results from; stems
  
from. 

 is associated to (with) 
correlates to (with);
  
equates with; relates to. The development of
  confidence and infusions of practical, useful
  applications seem to be associated with success in
  mathematics. 
The development of confidence and
  
infusions of practical, useful applications seem to
  
relate to success in mathematics.

 is at loggerheads (with) 
clashes with; conflicts
  
with; contradicts; differs from; disagrees with;
  
quarrels with; varies with. He ran unsuccessfully
  for the Florida house and has frequently been at
  loggerheads with state and federal authorities. 
He
  
ran unsuccessfully for the Florida house and has
  
frequently quarreled with state and federal
  
authorities. 

 is at odds over (with) 
clashes with; conflicts
  
with; contradicts; differs from; disagrees with;
  
quarrels with; varies with. She said the strong
  credit figures were at odds with a stream of
  government reports pointing toward a slowdown and
  did not reflect the health of the economy. 
She
  
said the strong credit figures contradicted a
  
stream of government reports pointing toward a
  
slowdown and did not reflect the health of the
  
economy. ■ These all demonstrate the extent to
  which the need to power our industrialized world
  can be at odds with the need to preserve the health
  of our planet. 
These all demonstrate the extent to
  
which the need to power our industrialized world
  
can clash with the need to preserve the health of
  
our planet. 

 is attentive to 
attends to; heeds. 

 is at variance with 
clashes with; conflicts with;
  
contradicts; differs from; disagrees with; quarrels
  
with; varies with. Cambridge BioScience officials
  said they withdrew the data because the results
  were sharply at variance with other studies of the
  Recombigen test and there was no time to sort out
  why. 
Cambridge BioScience officials said they
  
withdrew the data because the results sharply
  
differed from other studies of the Recombigen test
  
and there was no time to sort out why. ■ It is
  language which avoids or shifts responsibility,
  language which is at variance with its real or its
  purported meaning. 
It is language which avoids or
  
shifts responsibility, language which conflicts
  
with its real or its purported meaning. ■ Although
  some of its particulars are at variance with what
  U.S. officials have heard, most key details tend to
  coincide. 
Although some of its particulars clash
  
with what U.S. officials have heard, most key
  
details tend to coincide. ■ The statement ``Grief
  is a human emotion,'' implying that only human
  beings mourn, is at variance with much recent
  scientific work on animal behavior. 
The statement
  
``Grief is a human emotion,'' implying that only
  
human beings mourn, contradicts much recent
  
scientific work on animal behavior. 

 is a variant of 
departs from; deviates from;
  
differs from; diverges from; varies from.
  
Endowment insurance policies are a variant of
  whole life in that, if the insured dies within a
  specified period, the insurance will be paid to a
  designated beneficiary. 
Endowment insurance
  
policies vary from whole life in that, if the
  
insured dies within a specified period, the
  
insurance will be paid to a designated beneficiary.

 is aware of (that) 
comprehends; knows; realizes;
  
recognizes; sees; understands. If you are in the
  same position as most consumer borrowers, you
  should be aware that time is not on your side. 
If
  
you are in the same position as most consumer
  
borrowers, you should realize that time is not on
  
your side. ■ I am aware of that. 
I know that. 

 is based on (upon) 
rests on. This policy is based
  upon three fundamental principles of competitive
  behavior. 
This policy rests on three fundamental
  
principles of competitive behavior. 

 is beneficial to 
aids; benefits; favors; helps.
  
Congress needs to make important decisions that
  will be beneficial to all Americans on a long-range
  basis. 
Congress needs to make important decisions
  
that will benefit all Americans on a long-range
  
basis. ■ Northwestern's Jacobs, however, said he
  expected the survey to be beneficial to both the
  school's recruiting and its reputation.
  
Northwestern's Jacobs, however, said he expected
  
the survey to aid both the school's recruiting and
  
its reputation. ■ These programs should be
  beneficial to the future care of our aging
  population of veterans. 
These programs should
  
favor the future care of our aging population of
  
veterans. 

 is capable of -ing 
can; is able to. Obsolescence
  exists when a person or machine is no longer
  capable of performing to standards or management's
  expectations. 
Obsolescence exists when a person or
  
machine is no longer able to perform to standards
  
or management's expectations. ■ According to
  mythology, the oracle was capable of predicting the
  future of those who sought counsel. 
According to
  
mythology, the oracle was able to predict the
  
future of those who sought counsel. ■ Although the
  technique is capable of basing the measurements on
  time, it is also capable of handling the
  relationship of sales to other variables. 
Although
  
the technique can base the measurements on time, it
  
can also handle the relationship of sales to other
  
variables. ■ Electronic eyes can inspect along
  moving lines of bottled products to sense proper
  fill levels and are capable of rejecting improperly
  filled bottles and shutting down the line for
  adjustments. 
Electronic eyes can inspect along
  
moving lines of bottled products to sense proper
  
fill levels and can reject improperly filled
  
bottles and shut down the line for adjustments. 

 is characteristic of 
characterizes; depicts;
  
describes; designates; illustrates; pictures;
  
portrays. The protein tangles in brain tissue are
  characteristic of advanced Alzheimer's, and he
  speculates that A68 may be a precursor of the
  tangles. 
The protein tangles in brain tissue
  
characterize advanced Alzheimer's, and he
  
speculates that A68 may be a precursor of the
  
tangles. 

 is cognizant of (that) 
comprehends; knows;
  
realizes; recognizes; sees; understands. 

 is coherent with 
agrees with; coheres with;
  
concurs with; conforms to (with); corresponds to
  
(with). 

 is comparable to (with) 
compares to (with);
  
contrasts to (with); corresponds to (with); equates
  
with; likens to; relates to; resembles. This
  revolution in medicine is comparable in certain
  ways to the computer boom, but is more epochal.
  
This revolution in medicine corresponds in certain
  
ways to the computer boom, but is more epochal. ■
  That doesn't mean we have to bid Compaq, but just
  something that is comparable to that model. 
That
  
doesn't mean we have to bid Compaq, but just
  
something that compares with that model. ■ AIDS
  dementia is comparable to other progressive
  neurological diseases like Huntington's and
  Parkinson's. 
AIDS dementia resembles other
  
progressive neurological diseases like Huntington's
  
and Parkinson's. 

 is compatible with 
agrees with; coheres with;
  
concurs with; conforms to (with); corresponds to
  
(with). 

 is competitive with 
competes with. 

 is complementary to 
complements. Banking is an
  obvious area for Nomura's diversification since it
  is complementary to the firm's securities business.
  
Banking is an obvious area for Nomura's
  
diversification since it complements the firm's
  
securities business. 

 is composed of 
comprises; consists of; contains;
  
includes. Discipline is composed of obedience,
  application, energy, behavior, and outward marks of
  respect between employers and employees.
  
Discipline includes obedience, application,
  
energy, behavior, and outward marks of respect
  
between employers and employees. ■ The figure is
  composed of three main elements marked off by three
  lines on the chart. 
The figure comprises three
  
main elements marked off by three lines on the
  
chart. ■ The informal organization is composed of
  all the informal groupings of people within a
  formal organization. 
The informal organization
  
consists of all the informal groupings of people
  
within a formal organization. 

 is comprised of 
comprises; consists of; contains;
  
includes. The marketing infrastructure is
  comprised of several elements that change as a
  country develops its industrial and service
  sectors. 
The marketing infrastructure contains
  
several elements that change as a country develops
  
its industrial and service sectors. ■ Many
  religions, including Islam, Hindu, Buddhism,
  Catholicism, and Protestantism, are comprised of
  many sects or denominations. 
Many religions,
  
including Islam, Hindu, Buddhism, Catholicism, and
  
Protestantism, consist of many sects or
  
denominations. ■ A complete corporate strategy is
  comprised of an action plan for each of the four
  primary areas of corporate responsibility. 
A
  
complete corporate strategy comprises an action
  
plan for each of the four primary areas of
  
corporate responsibility.

 is concerned with 
concerns; deals with; is about;
  
pertains to; regards; relates to. The first two
  complications are external and are concerned with
  the environment within which the company competes.
  
The first two complications are external and
  
concern the environment within which the company
  
competes. ■ Industrial engineering is concerned
  with the design, improvement, and installation of
  integrated systems of men, materials, and
  equipment. 
Industrial engineering deals with the
  
design, improvement, and installation of integrated
  
systems of men, materials, and equipment. 

 is conditional (conditioned) on (upon) 
depends on;
  
hinges on. The willingness of VSS to proceed with
  the transaction is conditioned upon such an
  agreement. 
The willingness of VSS to proceed with
  
the transaction depends on such an agreement. ■
  The offer by S&Y is conditioned on the continued
  management participation of Stocker & Yale's chief
  executive. 
The offer by S&Y hinges on the
  
continued management participation of Stocker &
  
Yale's chief executive. 

 is conducive to 
conduces to. 

 is connected to (with) 
correlates to (with);
  
equates with; relates to. 

 is conscious of (that) 
comprehends; knows;
  
realizes; recognizes; sees; understands. 

 is consistent with 
agrees with; coheres with;
  
concurs with; conforms to (with); corresponds to
  
(with). That statement to which the two witnesses
  would have testified is consistent with Janice's
  earlier statements to her daughter and
  sister-in-law and, if believed, shows that Janice
  had a motive to lie. 
That statement to which the
  
two witnesses would have testified agrees with
  
Janice's earlier statements to her daughter and
  
sister-in-law and, if believed, shows that Janice
  
had a motive to lie. ■ This rate is consistent
  with that for psychiatric referrals by
  pediatricians in general. 
This rate corresponds to
  
that for psychiatric referrals by pediatricians in
  
general. ■ This approach is consistent with
  earlier rulings requiring actual proof even where
  overwhelming numerical evidence allows a reasonable
  assumption of bias. 
This approach conforms to
  
earlier rulings requiring actual proof even where
  
overwhelming numerical evidence allows a reasonable
  
assumption of bias. 

 is contemptuous of 
despises; disdains; scorns. 

 is contingent on (upon) 
depends on; hinges on.
  
Success is contingent upon careful, continuous,
  global market research. 
Success depends on
  
careful, continuous, global market research. ■ The
  deal is contingent on shareholder approval and a
  favorable ruling on the tax consequences of the
  transaction by the IRS. 
The deal hinges on
  
shareholder approval and a favorable ruling on the
  
tax consequences of the transaction by the IRS. 

 is conversant with 
knows. I wonder whether he
  knows any of the Asian languages or is conversant
  with the sources I consulted. 
I wonder whether he
  
knows any of the Asian languages or the sources I
  
consulted. 

 is critical of 
complains about; condemns;
  
criticizes. It's easy to be critical of others if
  they don't agree with you. 
It's easy to criticize
  
others if they don't agree with you. ■ Prosecutors
  concede that prison crowding is a severe problem,
  but they and other law enforcement officials have
  been critical of the home-release program.
  
Prosecutors concede that prison crowding is a
  
severe problem, but they and other law enforcement
  
officials have criticized the home-release
  
program. ■ The United States has long been
  critical of human rights abuse in Nicaragua. 
The
  
United States has long condemned human rights abuse
  
in Nicaragua. 

 is dangerous to 
endangers; imperils; jeopardizes.

 is deficient in 
lacks; wants. In perhaps the most
  troubling of its recent reports, NAEP showed that
  while few adults in their early 20s are wholly
  illiterate, most are deficient in necessary skills.
  
In perhaps the most troubling of its recent
  
reports, NAEP showed that while few adults in their
  
early 20s are wholly illiterate, most lack
  
necessary skills. 

 is defined as 
is; means. Management is defined as
  the process of setting and achieving goals through
  the execution of five basic management functions
  that utilize human, financial, and material
  resources. 
Management is the process of setting
  
and achieving goals through the execution of five
  
basic management functions that utilize human,
  
financial, and material resources. ■ Anxiety is
  defined as a feeling that arises from an ambiguous,
  unspecific cause. 
Anxiety is a feeling that arises
  
from an ambiguous, unspecific cause. ■ If,
  however, poverty is defined as lacking sufficient
  income to purchase some minimum requisites of
  living, then as long as some people have incomes
  above this level, poverty can be reduced. 
If,
  
however, poverty means lacking sufficient income to
  
purchase some minimum requisites of living, then as
  
long as some people have incomes above this level,
  
poverty can be reduced. 

 is deleterious to 
damages; harms; hurts; impairs;
  
injures; mars; wrongs. 

 is dependent on (upon) 
depends on; hinges on. You
  shouldn't be dependent upon anyone else for your
  happiness. 
You shouldn't depend on anyone else for
  
your happiness. ■ Typically, the LDCs are much
  more dependent upon agriculture than the rich
  countries, where manufacturing and service
  activities are of greater significance. 
Typically,
  
the LDCs depend much more on agriculture than the
  
rich countries, where manufacturing and service
  
activities are of greater significance. ■ The
  future of the business establishment is dependent
  upon attention to the long-range effects of current
  American business policies. 
The future of the
  
business establishment hinges on attention to the
  
long-range effects of current American business
  
policies. 

 is descriptive of 
characterizes; depicts;
  
describes; designates; illustrates; pictures;
  
portrays. The model is descriptive of human
  behavior across all cultures that we have
  encountered. 
The model describes human behavior
  
across all cultures that we have encountered. 

 is desirous of -ing 
desires to; wants to; wishes
  
to. She is desirous of resolving this as soon as
  possible, so I respectfully request that you have
  your client consider the proposals. 
She wants to
  
resolve this as soon as possible, so I respectfully
  
request that you have your client consider the
  
proposals. 

 is destructive of (to) 
damages; destroys; harms;
  
hurts; impairs; injures; mars; ruins. It is a fact
  that some cats are destructive of property. 
It is
  
a fact that some cats destroy property. 

 is detrimental to 
damages; harms; hurts; impairs;
  
injures; mars; wrongs. Competitors of the state's
  largest insurer charged the proposed exclusive care
  plan would violate antitrust laws and insurance
  laws, and ultimately be detrimental to consumers.
  
Competitors of the state's largest insurer charged
  
the proposed exclusive care plan would violate
  
antitrust laws and insurance laws, and ultimately
  
harm consumers. ■ The concern of the EEC is that
  these powerful drugs would be detrimental to the
  children. 
The concern of the EEC is that these
  
powerful drugs would injure the children. ■ The
  corporate world is detrimental to your mental as
  well as your economic health. 
The corporate world
  
damages your mental as well as your economic
  
health. 

 is different from 
departs from; deviates from;
  
differs from; diverges from; varies from. If a
  phrase in the file on the disk is different from a
  phrase in the document on the screen, the command
  marks the entire phrase in the document on the
  screen. 
If a phrase in the file on the disk
  
differs from a phrase in the document on the
  
screen, the command marks the entire phrase in the
  
document on the screen. 

 is disposed to 
tends to. 

 is disrespectful of (toward) 
disrespects. 

 is disruptive of 
disrupts. Chapter 774 is
  disruptive of any sense of community because all
  control over its future has been removed. 
Chapter
  
774 disrupts any sense of community because all
  
control over its future has been removed. 

 is distinguished from 
departs from; deviates from;
  
differs from; diverges from; varies from. 

 is distrustful about (of) 
disbelieves; distrusts;
  
doubts; mistrusts; questions. Until students have
  assimilated these attitudes, they will be
  distrustful of scientific information. 
Until
  
students have assimilated these attitudes, they
  
will distrust scientific information. 

 is doubtful about (of) 
disbelieves; distrusts;
  
doubts; mistrusts; questions. Many officials are
  doubtful about the effectiveness of Shultz's
  Mideast plan. 
Many officials doubt the
  
effectiveness of Shultz's Mideast plan. ■ Other
  industry spokesmen were doubtful of the future for
  biopesticides, citing, among other worries, the
  risk of higher crop loss. 
Other industry spokesmen
  
questioned the future for biopesticides, citing,
  
among other worries, the risk of higher crop loss.

 is dubious about (of) 
disbelieves; distrusts;
  
doubts; mistrusts; questions. The A320 and the
  Concorde are the only commercial aircraft that use
  exclusively fly-by-wire controls, in part because
  U.S. aircraft companies are dubious about giving up
  tried-and-true cables─used since the Wright
  brothers flew─for an all-electrical system pretty
  much controlled by a computer. 
The A320 and the
  
Concorde are the only commercial aircraft that use
  
exclusively fly-by-wire controls, in part because
  
U.S. aircraft companies question giving up
  
tried-and-true cables─used since the Wright
  
brothers flew─for an all-electrical system pretty
  
much controlled by a computer. 

 is duplicative of 
duplicates. The Odyssey team's
  responsibilities are duplicative of the nursing
  team's. 
The Odyssey team's responsibilities
  
duplicate the nursing team's. 

 is emblematic of 
emblemizes; indicates;
  
represents; signifies; stands for; symbolizes;
  
typifies. The kind of comprehensive care the
  Clinic can provide to its cancer patients is
  emblematic of the Clinic's overall approach to
  medicine. 
The kind of comprehensive care the
  
Clinic can provide to its cancer patients typifies
  
the Clinic's overall approach to medicine. 

 is (the) equal to 
amounts to; duplicates; equals;
  
is; matches; rivals. The value of the emperor's
  palace in the center of Tokyo is equal to the value
  of the entire state of California. 
The value of
  
the emperor's palace in the center of Tokyo equals
  
the value of the entire state of California. ■ 
n
  
is equal to the number of sides of the polygon. n
  

equals the number of sides of the polygon. ■ In
  this query, the command specifies that the contents
  of the date field be displayed for records where
  the ID is equal to 101 and the amount is equal to
  $15. 
In this query, the command specifies that the
  
contents of the date field be displayed for records
  
where the ID is 101 and the amount is $15. 

 is equipped (furnished) with 
comes with. The
  server normally is equipped with a large-capacity
  hard disk drive that acts as the central file
  depository for everyone on the network. 
The server
  
normally comes with a large-capacity hard disk
  
drive that acts as the central file depository for
  
everyone on the network. 

 is (the) equivalent of (to) 
amounts to;
  
duplicates; equals; is; matches; rivals. Ideally,
  the amount of this fund should be the equivalent of
  at least three months' income. 
Ideally, the amount
  
of this fund should equal at least three months'
  
income. 

 is evidence of (that) 
evinces; indicates; proves;
  
reveals; shows; signifies; testifies (to). The
  calls are evidence of the strong temptation in the
  judicial arena to seize on an array of recent
  findings on brain chemistry and behavior. 
The
  
calls testify to the strong temptation in the
  
judicial arena to seize on an array of recent
  
findings on brain chemistry and behavior. ■ Last
  year's homicide statistics are evidence that drug
  dealers are killing each other. 
Last year's
  
homicide statistics prove that drug dealers are
  
killing each other. 

 is faced with 
faces. If further tests indicate
  increased survival of severely handicapped children
  following surfactant treatment, neonatologists will
  be faced with an ethical can of worms, in which
  they will have to deal with their feelings about
  the value of a handicapped life. 
If further tests
  
indicate increased survival of severely handicapped
  
children following surfactant treatment,
  
neonatologists will face an ethical can of worms,
  
in which they will have to deal with their feelings
  
about the value of a handicapped life. ■ Dynamic
  high-technology strategy companies are faced with
  few national competitors. 
Dynamic high-technology
  
strategy companies face few national competitors.

 is familiar with 
knows. European participants in
  the computer industry know Europe extremely well,
  and they are familiar with the U.S. market.
  
European participants in the computer industry
  
know Europe extremely well, and they know the U.S.
  
market. ■ Someone who is familiar with your
  medical history can help you evaluate the risks of
  fasting. 
Someone who knows your medical history
  
can help you evaluate the risks of fasting. 

 is favorable to 
aids; benefits; favors; helps. In
  the five years during which the leveraged buyout
  has blossomed, the business environment has been
  particularly favorable to this type of transaction.
  
In the five years during which the leveraged
  
buyout has blossomed, the business environment has
  
particularly favored this type of transaction. 

 is fearful (about; of; that) 
dreads; fears; frets
  
(about; over); stews (about; over); worries (about;
  
over). These leaders tend to be fearful of
  external forces because they may create a middle
  class or threaten the existing social structure.
  
These leaders tend to fret about external forces
  
because they may create a middle class or threaten
  
the existing social structure. ■ He said his firm
  had complied with the law but was fearful that the
  public would misunderstand its report that 56,000
  pounds of acetone were released into the
  environment. 
He said his firm had complied with
  
the law but worried that the public would
  
misunderstand its report that 56,000 pounds of
  
acetone were released into the environment. ■ West
  German unions, in particular, are fearful that the
  Single Market will mean that northern European
  industrialists will simply move their plants to the
  lower-paying areas of Greece, Spain, and Portugal.
  
West German unions, in particular, fear the Single
  
Market will mean that northern European
  
industrialists will simply move their plants to the
  
lower-paying areas of Greece, Spain, and Portugal.

 is for certain (sure) 
is certain (sure). One
  thing is for certain: they'll have to deal with the
  governor when all this is over. 
One thing is
  
certain: they'll have to deal with the governor
  
when all this is over. 

 is founded on (upon) 
rests on. 

 is going to 
shall; will. It's like they're trying
  to look at it and all by themselves are trying to
  describe what the likelihood is something (such as
  microbursts) is going to occur. 
It's like they're
  
trying to look at it and all by themselves are
  
trying to describe what the likelihood is something
  
(such as microbursts) will occur. ■ We think that
  is a trend that is going to continue for several
  years to come. 
We think that is a trend that will
  
continue for several years to come. 

 is harmful to 
damages; harms; hurts; impairs;
  
injures; mars; wrongs. It will ultimately be
  harmful to the state's economy in that it will make
  some products more expensive than anywhere else.
  
It will ultimately harm the state's economy in
  
that it will make some products more expensive than
  
anywhere else. 

 is helpful in (-ing) 
aids in; assists in; helps.
  
Intelligent market research will be helpful in
  settling which product lines to offer. 
Intelligent
  
market research will help settle which product
  
lines to offer. ■ Coalition politics can be
  helpful in keeping idealistic young reformers on
  track once they get into the Legislature.
  
Coalition politics can aid in keeping idealistic
  
young reformers on track once they get into the
  
Legislature. 

 is hopeful 
expects; hopes; relies on; trusts. I
  am hopeful that all will go well. 
I expect that
  
all will go well. ■ We are hopeful that we can
  send a message to these teens that there are other
  alternatives to violence and what they've seen. 
We
  
hope that we can send a message to these teens that
  
there are other alternatives to violence and what
  
they've seen. ■ While I am a bit disappointed in
  her grade, I am hopeful that she will do well in
  our next unit. 
While I am a bit disappointed in
  
her grade, I trust that she will do well in our
  
next unit. 

 is identical to (with) 
amounts to; duplicates;
  
equals; is; matches; rivals. The objective, of
  course, is to ensure that directors' interests are
  identical with those of the company and its
  longer-term stockholders. 
The objective, of
  
course, is to ensure that directors' interests
  
match those of the company and its longer-term
  
stockholders. 

 is illustrative of 
characterizes; depicts;
  
describes; designates; illustrates; pictures;
  
portrays. Mr. Alvarez, of the Environmental Policy
  Institute, says the episode is illustrative of the
  government's management of its nuclear weapons
  production program. 
Mr. Alvarez, of the
  
Environmental Policy Institute, says the episode
  
illustrates the government's management of its
  
nuclear weapons production program. 

 is imitative of 
imitates. 

 is in accord (accordance) on (with) 
agrees with;
  
coincides with; complies with; concurs with;
  
conforms to (with); corresponds to (with). We are
  in accord with Blackmun's opinion that the
  protections provided by the federal court are
  necessary to fairly hear investors' claims of
  fraud. 
We agree with Blackmun's opinion that the
  
protections provided by the federal court are
  
necessary to fairly hear investors' claims of
  
fraud. ■ We feel that the activities of our
  diplomats in Nicaragua were in strict accordance
  with normal patterns of diplomatic behavior. 
We
  
feel that the activities of our diplomats in
  
Nicaragua strictly conformed with normal patterns
  
of diplomatic behavior. 

 is in agreement (on; with) 
agrees (on; with);
  
coincides (with); complies (with); concurs (with);
  
conforms (to; with); corresponds (to; with). This
  process should repeat itself until both parties are
  in agreement on the meaning of the message. 
This
  
process should repeat itself until both parties
  
agree on the meaning of the message. ■ 
V is
  
directed in the direction of decreasing 
h, which
  
is in agreement with our formulation of Darcy's
  
equation. V 
is directed in the direction of
  
decreasing h, 
which corresponds to our
  
formulation of Darcy's equation. ■ The client
  should be in agreement with the goals set. 
The
  
client should concur with the goals set. 

 is in attendance at 
attends. Three presidents
  were in attendance at the graduation ceremonies.
  
Three presidents attended the graduation
  
ceremonies. 

 is incapable of -ing 
cannot; is unable to. All
  three companies were incapable of managing their
  prizes and two of them, Hershey and CBS, eventually
  discarded their acquisitions in dismay. 
All three
  
companies were unable to manage their prizes and
  
two of them, Hershey and CBS, eventually discarded
  
their acquisitions in dismay. 

 is in charge of 
controls; directs; governs;
  
manages. 

 is inclined to 
tends to. 

 is inclined to believe (that) 
asserts; believes;
  
claims; contends; feels; holds; maintains; says;
  
thinks; to. I am inclined to believe that we will
  receive a lot more calls when budgets make clear
  what cuts and fees public schools will institute.
  
I believe that we will receive a lot more calls
  
when budgets make clear what cuts and fees public
  
schools will institute. ■ I am inclined to believe
  that they amount to the same thing. 
To me they
  
amount to the same thing. 

 is inclined to think (that) 
asserts; believes;
  
claims; contends; feels; holds; maintains; says;
  
thinks; to. I am inclined to think that
  intravenous drug users should be given needles. 
I
  
think intravenous drug users should be given
  
needles. 

 is in competition with 
competes with. 

 is in compliance with 
complies with; conforms to
  
(with). Bank representatives must not involve
  themselves in moving funds out of countries that
  impose exchange controls unless they are in full
  compliance with these controls. 
Bank
  
representatives must not involve themselves in
  
moving funds out of countries that impose exchange
  
controls unless they fully comply with these
  
controls. ■ No register of deeds shall accept a
  deed for recording unless it is in compliance with
  the requirements of this section. 
No register of
  
deeds shall accept a deed for recording unless it
  
conforms to the requirements of this section. 

 is in conflict with 
clashes with; conflicts with;
  
contradicts; differs from; disagrees with; quarrels
  
with; varies with. The petition refers to the
  information services prohibition in the
  Modification of Final Judgment as ``a cumbersome,
  unnecessary layer of regulation that is in
  irreconcilable conflict with the Communications
  Act.'' 
The petition refers to the information
  
services prohibition in the Modification of Final
  
Judgment as ``a cumbersome, unnecessary layer of
  
regulation that irreconcilably conflicts with the
  
Communications Act.'' 

 is in conformance to (with) 
agrees with; coincides
  
with; complies with; concurs with; conforms to
  
(with); corresponds to (with). 

 is in conformity to (with) 
agrees with; coincides
  
with; complies with; concurs with; conforms to
  
(with); corresponds to (with). As long as they're
  in conformity with the law, they can do business
  with whomever they like. 
As long as they conform
  
to the law, they can do business with whomever they
  
like. 

 is in contempt of 
defies. 

 is in (marked; sharp) contrast to 
clashes with;
  
conflicts with; contests; contradicts; contrasts
  
with; differs from; disagrees with; disputes;
  
opposes. The America-first tenor of the message
  was in sharp contrast to a growing tide of support
  for the idea of major international efforts in
  space exploration. 
The America-first tenor of the
  
message sharply contrasted with a growing tide of
  
support for the idea of major international efforts
  
in space exploration. ■ The findings are in
  contrast to those of the Higher Education Research
  Institute, which conducts an annual national survey
  of freshmen. 
The findings conflict with those of
  
the Higher Education Research Institute, which
  
conducts an annual national survey of freshmen. 

 is in control of 
controls; directs; governs;
  
manages. Risk-takers feel that they are in control
  of their own destiny. 
Risk-takers feel that they
  
control their own destiny.

 is in defiance of 
defies. They are in defiance of
  my orders. 
They defy my orders. 

 is indicative of 
indicates; shows; signals;
  
signifies; suggests. Current sales figures are
  indicative of a management problem. 
Current sales
  
figures indicate a management problem. ■ At
  Harvard, some black faculty members said Counter's
  decision to look elsewhere is indicative of the
  frustrations and obstacles blacks, women, and other
  groups face when they attempt to move up. 
At
  
Harvard, some black faculty members said Counter's
  
decision to look elsewhere signifies the
  
frustrations and obstacles blacks, women, and other
  
groups face when they attempt to move up. ■ Poor
  housekeeping and a lack of computer controls in the
  service-parts area may be indicative of the
  problems you could encounter after the purchase.
  
Poor housekeeping and a lack of computer controls
  
in the service-parts area may suggest the problems
  
you could encounter after the purchase. 

 is in disagreement (about; on; with) 
clashes with;
  
conflicts with; contradicts; differs from;
  
disagrees with; quarrels with; varies with. In the
  most important and urgent political debates of
  recent years involving science, a major difficulty
  has been that scientists of equal distinction and
  accomplishment have been in disagreement. 
In the
  
most important and urgent political debates of
  
recent years involving science, a major difficulty
  
has been that scientists of equal distinction and
  
accomplishment have disagreed. 

 is in doubt about (of) 
disbelieves; distrusts;
  
doubts; mistrusts; questions. For anyone who is in
  doubt about whether ministers are ordinary mortals,
  Mr. Wangerin makes clear that this is the case.
  
For anyone who doubts whether ministers are
  
ordinary mortals, Mr. Wangerin makes clear that
  
this is the case. 

 is in error 
errs. She was in error. 
She erred.

 is in excess of 
exceeds. It is expected that the
  average weighted maturity of the trust's portfolio
  under normal circumstances will be in excess of 20
  years. 
It is expected that the average weighted
  
maturity of the trust's portfolio under normal
  
circumstances will exceed 20 years. ■ The size of
  the droplets produced by the unit is in excess of 8
  microns. 
The size of the droplets produced by the
  
unit exceeds 8 microns. 

 is in existence 
exists. More than 1,000
  successful AI applications are in existence today.
  
More than 1,000 successful AI applications exist
  
today. ■ But industry observers note that these
  buyout funds have been in existence too few years
  to establish a definitive trend. 
But industry
  
observers note that these buyout funds have existed
  
too few years to establish a definitive trend. 

 is in favor of 
backs; endorses; favors; prefers;
  
supports. Whom are you in favor of? 
Whom do you
  
endorse? ■ We are in favor of reform, but we don't
  like the way it is being implemented. 
We favor
  
reform, but we don't like the way it is being
  
implemented. ■ The prelate said he was unable in
  conscience to remain a Democrat because the party
  is officially in favor of executing unborn babies
  whose only crime is that they temporarily occupy
  their mother's womb. 
The prelate said he was
  
unable in conscience to remain a Democrat because
  
the party officially supports executing unborn
  
babies whose only crime is that they temporarily
  
occupy their mother's womb. ■ Longtime as well as
  new users were overwhelmingly in favor of the
  familiar ``Professional'' name. 
Longtime as well
  
as new users overwhelmingly preferred the familiar
  
``Professional'' name. 

 is in fear for (of) 
dreads; fears (for); frets
  
(about; over); stews (about; over); worries (about;
  
over). I was in fear for my life. 
I feared for my
  
life. 

 is influential in (-ing) 
affects; influences. The
  problem with this generalization is that other
  factors can be influential in determining how many
  subordinates a manager has. 
The problem with this
  
generalization is that other factors can influence
  
how many subordinates a manager has. 

 is -ing delete. What the kids are wanting is to be
  loved. 
What the kids want is to be loved. ■ A
  person who encourages us to elaborate on a story
  while struggling with a knotted shoelace is
  contradicting the spoken message with body
  language. 
A person who encourages us to elaborate
  
on a story while struggling with a knotted shoelace
  
contradicts the spoken message with body language.
  ■ I would like to believe that the trading company
  concept is deserving of serious treatment by a
  magazine as exemplary as yours. 
I would like to
  
believe that the trading company concept deserves
  
serious treatment by a magazine as exemplary as
  
yours. ■ The vendor is hoping to expand its base
  into volume sales of larger switches, and the
  Southwestern Bell deal appears to be a step in the
  right direction. 
The vendor hopes to expand its
  
base into volume sales of larger switches, and the
  
Southwestern Bell deal appears to be a step in the
  
right direction. ■ We have gained a much better
  understanding of what providers are seeking from
  our networks, and we are looking forward to
  presenting our plan. 
We have gained a much better
  
understanding of what providers seek from our
  
networks, and we look forward to presenting our
  
plan. 

 is in harmony with 
agrees with; coheres with;
  
concurs with; conforms to (with); corresponds to
  
(with). 

 is injurious to 
damages; harms; hurts; impairs;
  
injures; mars; wrongs. 

 is in keeping with 
agrees with; coheres with;
  
concurs with; conforms to (with); corresponds to
  
(with). This is in keeping with MicroPro
  International's focus and marketing. 
This conforms
  
to MicroPro International's focus and marketing. ■
  Earnings for the year should be in keeping with
  earlier analyst projections of $5.2 million.
  
Earnings for the year should correspond to earlier
  
analyst projections of $5.2 million. 

 is in line with 
agrees with; coheres with; concurs
  
with; conforms to (with); corresponds to (with).
  
The figures are in line with recent years, when
  the number of taxpayers filing early in the season
  declined each year. 
The figures conform with
  
recent years, when the number of taxpayers filing
  
early in the season declined each year. 

 is in need of 
needs. Do you think the computer
  business is in need of further regulation? 
Do you
  
think the computer business needs further
  
regulation? ■ No animals are more in need of an
  improved public image than bats. 
No animals need
  
an improved public image more than bats. ■
  Thousands of people are in need of medical
  attention that private insurance does not offer.
  
Thousands of people need medical attention that
  
private insurance does not offer. 

 is in opposition to 
conflicts with; contests;
  
disagrees with; disapproves of; disputes; objects
  
to; opposes; protests; resists. They are in
  opposition to the United States. 
They oppose the
  
United States. ■ You can assume that each of your
  participants may have goals that are in opposition
  to what you are trying to achieve. 
You can assume
  
that each of your participants may have goals that
  
conflict with what you are trying to achieve. 

 is in possession of 
has; possesses. They were in
  possession of a large quantity of cocaine. 
They
  
possessed a large quantity of cocaine. 

 is in receipt of 
receives. We are in receipt of
  your proposal. 
We received your proposal. ■ I am
  in receipt of your impressive resume and
  references. 
I received your impressive resume and
  
references. ■ I/We understand and agree that
  neither Fidelity Service Co., FBSI, nor NAFSCO will
  be liable for any loss, expense, or cost arising
  out of any telephone request for redemption or
  automatic settlement so long as Fidelity Service
  Co. transmits, and NAFSCO is in receipt of, or
  NAFSCO transmits, and Fidelity Service Co. is in
  receipt of, settlement proceeds. 
I/We understand
  
and agree that neither Fidelity Service Co., FBSI,
  
nor NAFSCO will be liable for any loss, expense, or
  
cost arising out of any telephone request for
  
redemption or automatic settlement so long as
  
Fidelity Service Co. transmits, and NAFSCO
  
receives, or NAFSCO transmits, and Fidelity Service
  
Co. receives, settlement proceeds. 

 is insistent on 
insists on. If people are
  insistent on keeping the Electoral College, why not
  make it fair? 
If people insist on keeping the
  
Electoral College, why not make it fair? 

 is in step with 
agrees with; coheres with; concurs
  
with; conforms to (with); corresponds to (with). 

 is instrumental in (-ing) 
aids in; assists in;
  
helps. Far from being the marginal movement they
  are perceived as being today, 19th-century
  evangelicals were instrumental in setting the
  political and social agenda for the century. 
Far
  
from being the marginal movement they are perceived
  
as being today, 19th-century evangelicals helped
  
set the political and social agenda for the
  
century. ■ How can IC managers, whom senior
  management often views as playing a supporting
  rather than a leading role, be instrumental in
  causing change to occur? 
How can IC managers, whom
  
senior management often views as playing a
  
supporting rather than a leading role, aid in
  
causing change to occur? 

 is instrumental in helping 
aids in; assists in;
  
helps. He was instrumental in helping them put
  together a financial plan. 
He helped them put
  
together a financial plan. ■ He was one of the
  chief architects of last year's auto insurance bill
  and was instrumental in helping win its passage in
  the legislature. 
He was one of the chief
  
architects of last year's auto insurance bill and
  
helped win its passage in the legislature. 

 is in support of 
backs; endorses; favors; prefers;
  
supports. In 1986 and 1987, 6.2 percent and 6.6
  percent, respectively, of the voted shares were in
  support of our request for information about the
  extent of involvement in SDI. 
In 1986 and 1987,
  
6.2 percent and 6.6 percent, respectively, of the
  
voted shares supported our request for information
  
about the extent of involvement in SDI. ■ I myself
  am in support of women's rights. 
I myself support
  
women's rights. ■ The Democrat has been in support
  of extending the steel agreements. 
The Democrat
  
has backed extending the steel agreements. 

 is (was) in the habit of (-ing) 
will (would).
  
When I was younger, I was in the habit of reading
  a book a week. 
When I was younger, I would read a
  
book a week. 

 is in violation of 
desecrates; infringes on;
  
violates. My job is solely to determine whether
  conduct is in violation of the federal criminal
  law. 
My job is solely to determine whether conduct
  
violates the federal criminal law. ■ Many programs
  on the market may soon be found to be in violation
  of patents held by others. 
Many programs on the
  
market may soon be found to infringe on patents
  
held by others. 

 is in want of 
wants. 

 is it possible for 
can. Is it possible for you to
  tell us about your relationship with your child?
  
Can you tell us about your relationship with your
  
child? 

 is knowledgeable in (of) 
comprehends; knows;
  
understands. We also favor choosing directors who
  have worked in a company's industry at some point
  in their careers or are knowledgeable in some
  collateral industry. 
We also favor choosing
  
directors who have worked in a company's industry
  
at some point in their careers or understand some
  
collateral industry. 

 is mindful of (that) 
comprehends; knows; realizes;
  
recognizes; sees; understands. We should be
  mindful of the benefits of free trade while finding
  ways to limit it. 
We should realize the benefits
  
of free trade while finding ways to limit it. 

 is mistrustful about (of) 
disbelieves; distrusts;
  
doubts; mistrusts; questions. The two sides are
  deeply mistrustful of each other after an estimated
  1 million casualties. 
The two sides deeply
  
mistrust each other after an estimated 1 million
  
casualties. 

 is needful of 
needs. 

 is of assistance in (-ing) 
aids in (-ing); assists
  
in (-ing); helps. 

 is of benefit to 
aids; benefits; favors; helps.
  
He agrees that companies need to take caution when
  choosing a system, but adds that the technology can
  be of great benefit to a company. 
He agrees that
  
companies need to take caution when choosing a
  
system, but adds that the technology can greatly
  
benefit a company. 

 is of concern to 
bothers; concerns; disturbs;
  
interests; upsets; worries. Since these factors
  vary considerably from one country to another, they
  are of particular concern to the global company
  interested in a new foreign market. 
Since these
  
factors vary considerably from one country to
  
another, they particularly concern the global
  
company interested in a new foreign market. ■ The
  new strike at Nowa Huta, if it takes hold, also
  will be of concern to the authorities. 
The new
  
strike at Nowa Huta, if it takes hold, also will
  
worry the authorities. ■ It's something that is of
  great concern to us. 
It's something that greatly
  
bothers us. 

 is offensive to 
insults; offends. Halloween
  represents spiritist forces that are offensive to
  three of the world's major religions, Judaism,
  Christianity, and Islam. 
Halloween represents
  
spiritist forces that offend three of the world's
  
major religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

 is of interest to 
appeals to; attracts; concerns;
  
excites; interests. 

 is of the belief (that) 
asserts; believes; claims;
  
contends; feels; holds; maintains; says; thinks;
  
to. The vast majority of physicians are of the
  belief that Ritalin is a safe drug for children.
  
To the vast majority of physicians, Ritalin is a
  
safe drug for children. 

 is of the opinion (that) 
asserts; believes;
  
claims; contends; feels; holds; maintains; says;
  
thinks; to. I am of the opinion that the Celtics
  are far better off this year than last. 
I believe
  
the Celtics are far better off this year than
  
last. ■ Impartial industry observers are of the
  opinion that if Pennzoil suffered any damage, it
  was only to the extent of about 5 percent of the
  award. 
Impartial industry observers hold that if
  
Pennzoil suffered any damage, it was only to the
  
extent of about 5 percent of the award. 

 is of the same opinion (as) 
agrees (with); concurs
  
(with). 

 is of the view (that) 
asserts; believes; claims;
  
contends; feels; holds; maintains; says; thinks;
  
to. He is of the view that a person between the
  ages of 30 and 40 is more susceptible to
  tuberculosis than a person between 60 and 70. 
He
  
maintains that a person between the ages of 30 and
  
40 is more susceptible to tuberculosis than a
  
person between 60 and 70. 

 is one (that; which; who; whom) delete. A European
  option is one which can be exercised only at
  maturity. 
A European option can be exercised only
  
at maturity. ■ This situation is one that ought
  not to be forgotten. 
This situation ought not to
  
be forgotten. ■ An oblique plane is one that is
  neither parallel nor perpendicular to a projection
  plane. 
An oblique plane is neither parallel nor
  
perpendicular to a projection plane. ■ A model
  that results in a relatively steady MSE over time
  is one that is relatively stable. 
A model that
  
results in a relatively steady MSE over time is
  
relatively stable. ■ I am one who is not easily
  satisfied. 
I am not easily satisfied. 

 is on (a) par (with) 
equals. U.S. factory wages
  are already at least 20 percent below comparable
  German wages, on a dollar basis, and virtually on a
  par with Japanese levels. 
U.S. factory wages are
  
already at least 20 percent below comparable German
  
wages, on a dollar basis, and virtually equal
  
Japanese levels. 

 is opposed to 
conflicts with; contests; disagrees
  
with; disapproves of; disputes; objects to;
  
opposes; protests; resists. We are opposed to
  marketing RU 486 in the U.S. or any other country
  because it kills unborn babies and it can injure if
  not possibly kill women. 
We protest marketing RU
  
486 in the U.S. or any other country because it
  
kills unborn babies and it can injure if not
  
possibly kill women. ■ It might help us to dispel
  the stupid myth that only fascists, racists, and
  anti-Semites were opposed to the communist takeover
  of Eastern Europe. 
It might help us to dispel the
  
stupid myth that only fascists, racists, and
  
anti-Semites resisted the communist takeover of
  
Eastern Europe. ■ The case involves white
  employees in Alabama who are opposed to affirmative
  action and are trying to dissolve a final,
  court-approved settlement. 
The case involves white
  
employees in Alabama who oppose affirmative action
  
and are trying to dissolve a final, court-approved
  
settlement. ■ I would not be opposed to doing
  that. 
I would not object to doing that. 

 is outrageous to 
outrages. 

 is persistent in 
perseveres in; persists in.
  
Friends must be persistent in helping the griever
  come out of himself. 
Friends must persist in
  
helping the griever come out of himself. 

 is pertinent to 
applies to; bears on; concerns;
  
pertains to; regards; relates to. 

 is proof of (that) 
evinces; indicates; proves;
  
reveals; shows; signifies; testifies (to). 

 is prone to 
tends to. Company managers are prone
  to underestimate loyalty and their employees' need
  for it. 
Company managers tend to underestimate
  
loyalty and their employees' need for it. 

 is protective of 
defends; protects; shelters;
  
shields. People on the right-to-life side feel
  that the laws of society should be protective of
  every member of the human family. 
People on the
  
right-to-life side feel that the laws of society
  
should protect every member of the human family. 

 is receptive to 
welcomes. While lawmakers are
  generally receptive to his ideas, the feeling is
  not mutual. 
While lawmakers generally welcome his
  
ideas, the feeling is not mutual. 

 is (a; the) recipient of 
receives. He was
  recipient of the Rumford Medal of the American
  Academy of Sciences and the Copley Medal of
  London's Royal Society, the highest honor open to a
  scientist until the founding of the Nobel Prize.
  
He received the Rumford Medal of the American
  
Academy of Sciences and the Copley Medal of
  
London's Royal Society, the highest honor open to a
  
scientist until the founding of the Nobel Prize. ■
  The University of South Florida was the recipient
  of a $600,000 grant from a Florida bank to endow a
  professorship in banking and finance. 
The
  
University of South Florida received a $600,000
  
grant from a Florida bank to endow a professorship
  
in banking and finance. 

 is reflective of 
reflects. In some instances, a
  system is designed primarily for one category of
  personnel but is used for all employees; obviously,
  it will not be reflective of performance on the
  other jobs. 
In some instances, a system is
  
designed primarily for one category of personnel
  
but is used for all employees; obviously, it will
  
not reflect performance on the other jobs. 

 is regretful about (of; that) 
regrets. Now I'm
  regretful that I didn't work harder this week. 
Now
  
I regret I didn't work harder this week. ■ I can't
  say I'm regretful about it. 
I can't say I regret
  
it. 

 is related to 
correlates to (with); equates with;
  
relates to. It is generally assumed that a
  species-wide tendency to favor one hand over the
  other is related to the development of brain
  hemispheres with specialized functions. 
It is
  
generally assumed that a species-wide tendency to
  
favor one hand over the other relates to the
  
development of brain hemispheres with specialized
  
functions. 

 is relevant to 
applies to; bears on; concerns;
  
pertains to; regards; relates to. 

 is reliant on (upon) 
counts on; depends on; relies
  
on. South Korean builders are heavily reliant upon
  the Mideast market. 
South Korean builders rely
  
heavily on the Mideast market. ■ She suffers
  migraine headaches and is reliant upon laxatives.
  
She suffers migraine headaches and depends on
  
laxatives. 

 is reminiscent of 
recalls. The vertical
  ``tipwing'' fins at the end of its wings are
  reminiscent of a 1948 Cadillac more than a jet
  plane, and a black band of air sensors circles one
  wing. 
The vertical ``tipwing'' fins at the end of
  
its wings recall a 1948 Cadillac more than a jet
  
plane, and a black band of air sensors circles one
  
wing. ■ The apparatus is reminiscent of some Asian
  musical performances emphasizing the gestures used
  to play instruments. 
The apparatus recalls some
  
Asian musical performances emphasizing the gestures
  
used to play instruments. 

 is representative of 
emblemizes; indicates;
  
represents; signifies; stands for; symbolizes;
  
typifies. For the reader to assume that this is
  representative of the norm is unfortunate. 
For the
  
reader to assume that this represents the norm is
  
unfortunate. ■ The most important issue in
  choosing a sample is whether the people selected
  for the research are representative of those who
  really matter to the success of the strategy being
  researched. 
The most important issue in choosing a
  
sample is whether the people selected for the
  
research typify those who really matter to the
  
success of the strategy being researched. ■ It
  should be understood that one credit at Proctor is
  representative of approximately 40 hours of
  classroom time. 
It should be understood that one
  
credit at Proctor signifies approximately 40 hours
  
of classroom time. 

 is required to 
has to; must. Managers are
  required to be able to perform certain roles.
  
Managers must be able to perform certain roles. ■
  If customers are required to wait too long, they
  may choose to do business at another store that
  provides faster service. 
If customers have to wait
  
too long, they may choose to do business at another
  
store that provides faster service. 

 is resentful of 
resents. 

 is resistant to 
contests; disagrees with;
  
disapproves of; disputes; objects to; opposes;
  
protests; resists. In fact, they are resistant to
  measuring learning and performance in meaningful
  terms. 
In fact, they resist measuring learning and
  
performance in meaningful terms. ■ The
  administration is resistant to the basic premise of
  arms control: forgoing some options to get the
  other side to forgo some. 
The administration
  
opposes the basic premise of arms control: forgoing
  
some options to get the other side to forgo some.

 is respectful of (toward) 
respects. They're
  respectful of me, and I'm respectful of them. 
They
  
respect me, and I respect them. ■ The two skaters
  are friends and respectful of each other. 
The two
  
skaters are friends and respect each other. 

 is ruinous to 
damages; destroys; harms; hurts;
  
impairs; injures; mars; ruins. 

 is scornful of 
despises; disdains; scorns. Many
  scientists are scornful of him because of his
  claims that fluoride causes everything from cancer
  to AIDS. 
Many scientists scorn him because of his
  
claims that fluoride causes everything from cancer
  
to AIDS. 

 is similar to (with) 
compares to (with);
  
corresponds to (with); equates with; relates to;
  
resembles. These commands are similar to English
  sentences, and most of them make sense to the
  casual reader. 
These commands resemble English
  
sentences, and most of them make sense to the
  
casual reader. 

 is skeptical about (of; that) 
disbelieves;
  
distrusts; doubts; mistrusts; questions. We are
  skeptical that Drexel, Weksel, and yourself would
  treat Prime and its stockholders any better than
  you have treated your customers and/or stockholders
  in previous situations. 
We doubt that Drexel,
  
Weksel, and yourself would treat Prime and its
  
stockholders any better than you have treated your
  
customers and/or stockholders in previous
  
situations. ■ Immigration officials often are
  skeptical of businesses' claims that they didn't
  know a worker was illegal or that they weren't
  aware of the new immigration law. 
Immigration
  
officials often disbelieve businesses' claims that
  
they didn't know a worker was illegal or that they
  
weren't aware of the new immigration law. 

 is still to be seen 
do not know; is not (now; yet)
  
known; is uncertain; is unclear; is unknown; is
  
unsure. They priced it like a Mercedes; whether
  it's engineered like a Mercedes is still to be
  seen. 
They priced it like a Mercedes; whether it's
  
engineered like a Mercedes is not yet known. 

 issuance 
issue. Municipal bonds and municipal
  notes are debt obligations of states, cities,
  municipalities, and municipal agencies which
  generally have maturities, at the time of their
  issuance, of either one year or more or from six
  months to three years. 
Municipal bonds and
  
municipal notes are debt obligations of states,
  
cities, municipalities, and municipal agencies
  
which generally have maturities, at the time of
  
their issue, of either one year or more or from six
  
months to three years. 

 is subject to 
depends on; hinges on. Completion
  of the transactions is subject to a definitive
  agreement and the approval of both boards.
  
Completion of the transactions hinges on a
  
definitive agreement and the approval of both
  
boards. 

 (a; the) ... issue delete. The ability to produce
  timely reports is an equally pressing issue. 
The
  
ability to produce timely reports is equally
  
pressing. ■ The question of whether a firm's
  financing decisions affect its value remains an
  unresolved issue. 
The question of whether a firm's
  
financing decisions affect its value remains
  
unresolved. ■ That's an issue that's still very
  controversial. 
That's still very controversial. 

 is suggestive of 
indicates; shows; signals;
  
signifies; suggests. 

 is suitable to 
applies to; bears on; concerns;
  
pertains to; regards; relates to. 

 is supportive of 
endorses; fosters; nurtures;
  
supports; upholds. I have a lot of girlfriends who
  are supportive of me. 
I have a lot of girlfriends
  
who support me. ■ It would make it clear that the
  governor is supportive of basic gay rights. 
It
  
would make it clear that the governor endorses
  
basic gay rights. ■ Leader behavior will increase
  subordinates' efforts if it links satisfaction of
  their needs to effective performance and is
  supportive of their efforts to achieve goal
  performance. 
Leader behavior will increase
  
subordinates' efforts if it links satisfaction of
  
their needs to effective performance and fosters
  
their efforts to achieve goal performance. ■ This
  report is supportive of our findings. 
This report
  
supports our findings. 

 is symbolic (symbolical) of 
emblemizes; indicates;
  
represents; signifies; stands for; symbolizes;
  
typifies. 

 is symptomatic of 
indicates; signals; signifies;
  
symptomizes. The small dip is symptomatic of a
  pause in the housing market in October, as buyers,
  sellers, and lenders tried to figure out what was
  occurring in the financial markets. 
The small dip
  
indicates a pause in the housing market in October,
  
as buyers, sellers, and lenders tried to figure out
  
what was occurring in the financial markets. ■
  With Mikhail Gorbachev in our midst, Walters'
  statement bears scrutiny because it is symptomatic
  of something worrisome─an epidemic of complacency.
  
With Mikhail Gorbachev in our midst, Walters'
  
statement bears scrutiny because it symptomizes
  
something worrisome─an epidemic of complacency. 

 is tantamount to 
amounts to; duplicates; equals;
  
is; matches; rivals. 

 is (a) testament to 
affirms; attests to; certifies
  
to; declares; testifies to; verifies. An excellent
  credit card rating is a testament to your success
  in business. 
An excellent credit card rating
  
attests to your success in business. 

 is (a) testimony to 
affirms; attests to; certifies
  
to; declares; testifies to; verifies. The high
  level of business and consumer confidence is
  testimony to the success of this Fed policy. 
The
  
high level of business and consumer confidence
  
testifies to the success of this Fed policy. 

 is trustful of 
trusts. 

 is typical of 
exemplifies; symbolizes; typifies.
  
Those who are not familiar with feminist writings
  may find it useful and interesting to consider a
  book that is typical of the harsher brand of such
  works. 
Those who are not familiar with feminist
  
writings may find it useful and interesting to
  
consider a book that typifies the harsher brand of
  
such works. ■ This kind of comment is typical of
  the Democrat's campaign. 
This kind of comment
  
exemplifies the Democrat's campaign. 

 is under the assumption (that) 
assumes; believes;
  
feels; supposes; thinks. I am under the assumption
  that the 
Globe is trying to ameliorate the
  
situation. 
I assume the Globe 
is trying to
  
ameliorate the situation. 

 is under the impression (that) 
assumes; believes;
  
feels; supposes; thinks. Some will object to
  excluding the better-off elderly from Social
  Security benefits because they are under the
  impression that Social Security is fundamentally an
  annuity system. 
Some will object to excluding the
  
better-off elderly from Social Security benefits
  
because they believe Social Security is
  
fundamentally an annuity system. ■ It was fine the
  first few times, but now he's under the impression
  I am his grandson. 
It was fine the first few
  
times, but now he thinks I am his grandson. ■
  Officials of Mr. Reynold's company said they were
  under the impression that the tenants owned the
  three-bedroom house. 
Officials of Mr. Reynold's
  
company said they assumed the tenants owned the
  
three-bedroom house. 

 is used (for; to) delete. Straight lines are used
  to indicate crest and root lines. 
Straight lines
  
indicate crest and root lines. ■ Notes are used to
  explain the missing features. 
Notes explain the
  
missing features. ■ These conventional breaks are
  used to indicate that a part of an object has been
  broken away. 
These conventional breaks indicate
  
that a part of an object has been broken away. ■
  The symbol 
w is used to indicate that the
  quotient is an approximate value after being
  rounded off. 
The symbol w
 indicates that the
  
quotient is an approximate value after being
  
rounded off. 

 is what delete. While consistency is the mainstay
  of our program, diversity and change are what keep
  it exciting. 
While consistency is the mainstay of
  
our program, diversity and change keep it exciting.

 is witness to 
affirms; attests to; certifies to;
  
declares; testifies to; verifies. Poet Kahlil
  Gibran's popularity in America is witness to the
  presence of an essential moral and artistic quality
  in his work. 
Poet Kahlil Gibran's popularity in
  
America testifies to the presence of an essential
  
moral and artistic quality in his work. 

 is (a) witness to 
sees; witnesses. He was a
  witness to the Chinese government's crackdown on
  students. 
He witnessed the Chinese government's
  
crackdown on students. 

 it has been called to my attention 
I have learned;
  
I understand; delete. 

 it has come to my attention 
I have learned; I
  
understand; delete.   

 it is ... (that; who) 
is; -(al)ly; delete.  It is
  our intent to share ideas, thoughts, and methods
  with GEM users. 
Our intent is to share ideas,
  
thoughts, and methods with GEM users. ■ It is
  difficult to estimate the incidence of phobias in
  the general population. 
To estimate the incidence
  
of phobias in the general population is difficult.
  ■ It's time for us to rethink what it is we are
  asking of our employees. 
It's time for us to
  
rethink what we are asking of our employees. ■ It
  was clear that a number of complex issues had to be
  resolved before a fund could go forward
  successfully. 
Clearly, a number of complex issues
  
had to be resolved before a fund could go forward
  
successfully. ■ It is not uncommon that small
  local changes in product attributes are desirable
  to ensure that the good is classified in a low tax
  category. 
Not uncommonly, small local changes in
  
product attributes are desirable to ensure that the
  
good is classified in a low tax category. ■ It is
  we who are to be blamed. 
We are to be blamed. ■
  The ramp, however important it is to a developer,
  has to fit in. 
The ramp, however important to a
  
developer, has to fit in. 

 it is apparent that 
apparently; clearly;
  
evidently; manifestly; obviously; patently;
  
plainly; delete.  It is apparent that management
  needs to take into account a wide range of
  variables when devising international product
  development policies. 
Clearly, management needs to
  
take into account a wide range of variables when
  
devising international product development
  
policies. 

 it is essential that 
must; should. It is
  essential that we raise federal taxes. 
We must
  
raise federal taxes. ■ It is essential that
  remaining barriers to women's entrepreneurship be
  eliminated. 
Remaining barriers to women's
  
entrepreneurship must be eliminated. ■ It is
  essential that nurses assess family dynamics and
  the ability to cope with the traumatic event to
  ensure that interventions are specific to each
  family's problems. 
Nurses should assess family
  
dynamics and the ability to cope with the traumatic
  
event to ensure that interventions are specific to
  
each family's problems. 

 it is evident that 
apparently; clearly; evidently;
  
manifestly; obviously; patently; plainly; delete.
  It is evident that service industries are more
  exposed to protectionism in international markets
  than are most other industries. 
Clearly, service
  
industries are more exposed to protectionism in
  
international markets than are most other
  
industries. 

 it is (to be) hoped 
I (we) hope; let us hope. It
  is to be hoped that your expose will help prevent
  this kind of performance by others. 
Let's hope
  
that your expose will help prevent this kind of
  
performance by others. ■ It is hoped that you will
  find it worthy of support. 
We hope that you will
  
find it worthy of support. 

 it is imperative that 
must; should. It is
  imperative that managers and researchers try to
  assess the value of the information before the
  research is undertaken. 
Managers and researchers
  
should try to assess the value of the information
  
before the research is undertaken. ■ It is
  imperative that an international manager from the
  United States understand the cultures of countries
  in which he or she operates. 
An international
  
manager from the United States must understand the
  
cultures of countries in which he or she operates.

 it is important to ... that delete. It is important
  to emphasize that the incidence of breast cancer
  has been rising. 
The incidence of breast cancer
  
has been rising. 

 it is important to keep in mind 
keep in mind;
  
remember; delete.  It is important to keep in mind
  that these applications address only today's
  problems. 
Keep in mind that these applications
  
address only today's problems. 

 it is important to note 
note; delete. It is
  important to note that different stores in a chain
  may perform differently. 
Different stores in a
  
chain may perform differently. 

 it is important to realize (recognize) 
realize
  
(recognize). It is important to recognize that
  different data sources for these trends often
  produce significantly different data. 
Recognize
  
that different data sources for these trends often
  
produce significantly different data. ■ It is
  important to realize that many Chinese willingly
  remain in their country despite the violence. 
Many
  
Chinese willingly remain in their country despite
  
the violence. 

 it is important to remember 
keep in mind;
  
remember; delete.  It is important to remember
  that social security reserves are expected to build
  to about $12 trillion in the next century.
  
Remember that social security reserves are
  
expected to build to about $12 trillion in the next
  
century. 

 it is important to understand 
understand; delete.
  It is important to understand that not all
  pressures are the result of marketplace changes,
  nor do they necessarily affect the marketing
  activity. 
Not all pressures are the result of
  
marketplace changes, nor do they necessarily affect
  
the marketing activity. 

 it is interesting to note 
interestingly; note;
  delete.  It is interesting to note that an early
  meaning of the Spanish word 
algebrista was
  
bonesetter or reuniter of broken bones.
  

Interestingly, an early meaning of the Spanish
  
word algebrista 
was bonesetter or reuniter of
  
broken bones. ■ It's interesting to note that over
  the range of roles we have looked at, the only
  disagreement between this analysis and what current
  regulation dictates is where the arrow appears.
  
Over the range of roles we have looked at, the
  
only disagreement between this analysis and what
  
current regulation dictates is where the arrow
  
appears. 

 it is necessary (for; that; to) 
must; need to. It
  is necessary for this causality to be realistic for
  the model to be useful. 
This causality must be
  
realistic for the model to be useful. ■ It is
  necessary that we improve the standard of living
  and the quality of our life in order to achieve
  other aspects of development. 
We need to improve
  
the standard of living and the quality of our life
  
in order to achieve other aspects of development.

 it is significant to note 
note; delete.  It is
  significant to note that this land is owned by the
  city and leased to Harvard. 
This land is owned by
  
the city and leased to Harvard. 

 it is useful (worthwhile) to mention (say; state)
  (that) delete. It is useful to state that most of
  the modernization in steel production has occurred
  as part of a general shift toward all-electric
  steelmaking. 
Most of the modernization in steel
  
production has occurred as part of a general shift
  
toward all-electric steelmaking. 

 it is useful (worthwhile) to note (that) delete. It
  is worthwhile to note that in this outline the
  results specified in step III could refer to any of
  several results. 
In this outline the results
  
specified in step III could refer to any of several
  
results. 

 it must (should) be mentioned (said; stated) (that)
  delete.  


  
it must (should) be noted 
note; delete.  It
  should be noted that people with gastrointestinal
  disorders share a number of traits. 
People with
  
gastrointestinal disorders share a number of
  
traits. ■ It must be noted that the larger floods
  produce significantly greater damages for each
  flood. 
Note that the larger floods produce
  
significantly greater damages for each flood. 

 it must (should) be pointed out (that) delete. It
  should be pointed out that Boston Technical
  students have recently received notices of
  acceptance from institutions such as Princeton,
  Tufts, Boston College, and the University of
  California at Berkeley. 
Boston Technical students
  
have recently received notices of acceptance from
  
institutions such as Princeton, Tufts, Boston
  
College, and the University of California at
  
Berkeley. 

 it must (should) be remembered 
keep in mind;
  
remember; delete.  It must be remembered that even
  though this course deals with an easily measurable
  good, money, you must make personal value judgments
  concerning how money is best used. 
Even though
  
this course deals with an easily measurable good,
  
money, you must make personal value judgments
  
concerning how money is best used. 

 it must (should) be understood 
understand;
  delete.  It must be understood that we have a very
  complex, interrelated economy. 
We have a very
  
complex, interrelated economy. 

 it (just) so happens 
by chance; luckily;
  
unluckily. 

 I (we) would appreciate it if 
please.

 J

 joint agreement 
agreement. 

 joint cooperation 
cooperation. 

 join together 
join. All of these can be joined
  together by soldering, brazing, or welding. 
All of
  
these can be joined by soldering, brazing, or
  
welding. ■ Strings can be joined together into
  longer strings by concatenation. 
Strings can be
  
joined into longer strings by concatenation. ■
  Lately, corporate growth patterns have shown a
  trend toward the conglomerate merger, the joining
  together of unrelated corporations. 
Lately,
  
corporate growth patterns have shown a trend toward
  
the conglomerate merger, the joining of unrelated
  
corporations. 

 judge as 
judge. 

 just about 
about; almost; nearly. 

 just as (more; most) importantly 
just as (more;
  
most) important. But perhaps most importantly,
  they offer trustworthiness. 
But perhaps most
  
important, they offer trustworthiness. ■ Just as
  importantly, there are many ideas about the savings
  rate that suggest it is not nearly as low as many
  people think. 
Just as important, there are many
  
ideas about the savings rate that suggest it is not
  
nearly as low as many people think. ■ More
  importantly, we are working closely with the
  private sector through our joint ventures program
  to accomplish some things government alone simply
  can't do. 
More important, we are working closely
  
with the private sector through our joint ventures
  
program to accomplish some things government alone
  
simply can't do. 

 just as (more; most) significantly 
just as (more;
  
most) significant. Most significantly, the product
  champion must have the drive to get the work done
  and the decisions made. 
Most significant, the
  
product champion must have the drive to get the
  
work done and the decisions made. ■ More
  significantly, if the unemployed had health
  insurance, they could partake of more appropriate
  health care. 
More significant, if the unemployed
  
had health insurance, they could partake of more
  
appropriate health care. 

 just exactly 
exactly; just. He's just exactly
  what I'm looking for. 
He's just what I'm looking
  
for. ■ I've put it just exactly the way I want to
  put it. 
I've put it exactly the way I want to put
  
it. 

 just recently 
just; recently. We just recently
  went to England. 
We recently went to England. ■
  He was just recently released from prison. 
He was
  
just released from prison. ■ My boyfriend just
  recently left me for another woman. 
My boyfriend
  
recently left me for another woman. 

 just simply 
just; simply. 

 just the same as 
just like; the same as. When
  displayed in document view, the text can be entered
  and edited just the same as a normal document.
  
When displayed in document view, the text can be
  
entered and edited the same as a normal document.
  ■ The DEL command works just the same as the ERASE
  command. 
The DEL command works just like the ERASE
  
command.

 K

  
keep in mind 
remember; delete.  Keep in mind that
  there are two versions of the program called
  PRODOS. 
Remember that there are two versions of
  
the program called PRODOS. ■ Keep in mind that few
  people, if any, match a job perfectly, and few
  employers look for a perfect fit. 
Few people, if
  
any, match a job perfectly, and few employers look
  
for a perfect fit. 

 (a; the) key ... in (of; to)  
(a; the) key to.
  
Market segmentation is a key aspect to strategic
  planning at the corporate and business levels.
  
Market segmentation is a key to strategic planning
  
at the corporate and business levels. ■ This
  concept, known as organizational learning, is a key
  element in developing a sound philosophy of change.
  
This concept, known as organizational learning, is
  
a key to developing a sound philosophy of change.
  ■ A key factor in developing advanced computer
  technology will be the evolution toward ULSI
  technology. 
A key to developing advanced computer
  
technology will be the evolution toward ULSI
  
technology. ■ Our continued commitment to quality
  is a key component of our success. 
Our continued
  
commitment to quality is a key to our success. ■
  In contrast, individualism was the key ingredient
  to the rise of Greece. 
In contrast, individualism
  
was key to the rise of Greece.

 kinder (and) gentler 
amiable; compassionate;
  
gentle; humane; kind; tender; tolerant. 

 kind of delete. I kind of stumbled onto the job. 
I
  
stumbled onto the job. ■ It's kind of ironic.
  
It's ironic. 

 know for a fact 
know. I know for a fact she was
  with him. 
I know she was with him. ■ The state
  knows for a fact that this firm is trying to
  swindle consumers. 
The state knows that this firm
  
is trying to swindle consumers. 

 known as 
called; named; termed; delete.  The
  three most common knowledge representations in
  expert system shells are known as rules, frames,
  and semantic networks. 
The three most common
  
knowledge representations in expert system shells
  
are rules, frames, and semantic networks.

 L

 label as 
label. The product is labeled as a
  cosmetic, not a medication. 
The product is labeled
  
a cosmetic, not a medication. ■ If we let out our
  feelings of anger, women are labeled as shrews or
  nags. 
If we let out our feelings of anger, women
  
are labeled shrews or nags. 

 lackadaisical 
idle; languid; lazy; listless. 

 lack for 
lack. 

 lacking in 
dis-; -il; im-; in-; ir-; lack;
  
-less(ness); mis-; no; non-; not; un-; want; with
  
no; without. The defense's case was so often
  lacking in credibility. 
The defense's case was so
  
often incredible. ■ The jury is lacking in
  balance. 
The jury is imbalanced. ■ Companies
  lacking in clear strategy are going to be squeezed
  out of existence in this fiercely competitive
  marketplace. 
Companies with no clear strategy are
  
going to be squeezed out of existence in this
  
fiercely competitive marketplace. 

 (a; the) lack of 
dis-; few; -il; im-; in-; ir-;
  
-less(ness); mis-; no; non-; not; scant; un-; with
  
no; without. It is only because of the
  intransigence of the host country and its lack of
  respect for international law that it has to pick
  up the bill of more than a million dollars. 
It is
  
only because of the intransigence of the host
  
country and its disrespect for international law
  
that it has to pick up the bill of more than a
  
million dollars. ■ People say they are often
  confronted by a lack of understanding from their
  clients. 
People say they are often confronted by
  
misunderstanding from their clients. ■ Lack of
  understanding the law creates a fear of the system.
  
Not understanding the law creates a fear of the
  
system. ■ This is a result of a lack of
  cooperation between retailers and financial
  institutions. 
This is a result of noncooperation
  
between retailers and financial institutions. ■
  American General has been amply rewarded by
  capitalizing on the lack of competition in this
  area. 
American General has been amply rewarded by
  
capitalizing on the scant competition in this
  
area. ■ The gay teen is forced to struggle against
  a double layer of prejudice involving both his
  sexual feelings and his presumed lack of manliness.
  
The gay teen is forced to struggle against a
  
double layer of prejudice involving both his sexual
  
feelings and his presumed unmanliness. ■ Many a
  computer programming project has failed because of
  a lack of careful problem analysis and poor program
  design techniques. 
Many a computer programming
  
project has failed because of careless problem
  
analysis and poor program design techniques. ■
  Jackson concerns me because of his lack of
  experience in foreign policy and defense. 
Jackson
  
concerns me because of his inexperience in foreign
  
policy and defense. ■ This lack of regular contact
  leaves room for suspicion, concern, and uneven
  distribution of work. 
This irregular contact
  
leaves room for suspicion, concern, and uneven
  
distribution of work. 

 (a; the) large (overwhelming; sizable; vast)
  plurality (of) 
a good (great) deal (of); a good
  
(great) many (of); almost all (of); (nine) in (ten)
  
(of); many (of); most (of); much (of); nearly all
  
(of); (43) of (48) (of); ... percent (of);
  
three-fourths (two-thirds) (of). Large pluralities
  feel Mr. Bush would do about as well as Mr. Reagan.
  
Most feel Mr. Bush would do about as well as Mr.
  
Reagan. 

 large-size(d) 
large. 

 last of all 
last. 

 later on 
later. I will see you later on. 
I will
  
see you later. ■ Later on today, you may find out
  the truth about that. 
Later today, you may find
  
out the truth about that. 

 latter part of 
last half of; late. 

 law enforcement officers 
authorities; officers;
  
police. 

 left-hand 
left. The left-hand side of the balance
  sheet shows the firm's assets. 
The left side of
  
the balance sheet shows the firm's assets. 

 lend out 
lend. 

 (a; the) length of delete. While adults typically
  grew to a length of about 30 feet, the embryos
  measured only about 1 1/2 feet from head to tail
  and fit into 7-inch-long eggs. 
While adults
  
typically grew to about 30 feet, the embryos
  
measured only about 1 1/2 feet from head to tail
  
and fit into 7-inch-long eggs. 

 lengthy 
long. Communists must go through a
  lengthy selection process and ideological training
  before being granted membership in the party.
  
Communists must go through a long selection
  
process and ideological training before being
  
granted membership in the party. ■ Last week, the
  Ocean Spray measure turned up in a lengthy document
  reconciling the House and Senate appropriations
  bills. 
Last week, the Ocean Spray measure turned
  
up in a long document reconciling the House and
  
Senate appropriations bills. 

 (a; the) ... level (of) delete. Usage levels of the
  Discover card have been limited. 
Usage of the
  
Discover card has been limited. ■ Each
  organization must assess its level of willingness
  to take risks. 
Each organization must assess its
  
willingness to take risks. ■ These suppliers will
  need to dramatically increase the level of
  commitment they make to their customers. 
These
  
suppliers will need to dramatically increase the
  
commitment they make to their customers. ■ Company
  personnel must be well trained and adequately
  informed to provide the level of service required
  by today's discerning consumer. 
Company personnel
  
must be well trained and adequately informed to
  
provide the service required by today's discerning
  
consumer. ■ A career is made up of a series of
  jobs that lead you to ever-increasing levels of
  competency, responsibilities, and income. 
A career
  
is made up of a series of jobs that lead you to
  
ever-increasing competency, responsibilities, and
  
income. ■ When a relationship reaches a certain
  level of intensity, the church should have some way
  of recognizing that commitment. 
When a
  
relationship reaches a certain intensity, the
  
church should have some way of recognizing that
  
commitment. ■ Random access implies that any piece
  of information can be read with an equal level of
  difficulty and delay. 
Random access implies that
  
any piece of information can be read with equal
  
difficulty and delay. 

 level to the ground 
level; raze. 

 lift up 
lift. 

 lightning (raining; snowing) outside 
lightning
  
(raining; snowing). It's raining outside. 
It's
  
raining. ■ Why shouldn't you take a shower if it's
  lightning outside? 
Why shouldn't you take a shower
  
if it's lightning? 

 like ... also (as well) 
like. Like 401(k) plans,
  403(b) plans also have various investment
  alternatives: common stocks, bonds, money-market
  funds, and so on. 
Like 401(k) plans, 403(b) plans
  
have various investment alternatives: common
  
stocks, bonds, money-market funds, and so on. 

 like ... and others (and so forth; and so on; and
  such; and the like; et al.; etc.) 
and others (and
  
so forth; and so on; and such; and the like; et
  
al.; etc.); like. To allow for painless growth,
  you must make allowances for things like
  organizational changes, additional users, changing
  information requirements, and so on. 
To allow for
  
painless growth, you must make allowances for
  
organizational changes, additional users, changing
  
information requirements, and so on. ■ Sheet sizes
  are specified by letters like Size A, Size B, and
  so forth. 
Sheet sizes are specified by letters
  
like Size A and Size B. ■ It can be printed on any
  printer, but it will not have formats like
  boldfacing, underlining, and so on. 
It can be
  
printed on any printer, but it will not have
  
formats like boldfacing and underlining. ■ These
  come from sources like the Department of Health and
  Human Services, Department of Housing and Urban
  Development, General Accounting Office, National
  Research Council, and others. 
These come from
  
sources like the Department of Health and Human
  
Services, Department of Housing and Urban
  
Development, General Accounting Office, and
  
National Research Council. 

 like ... for example (for instance) 
as; for
  
example (for instance); like; such as. The drug is
  good for ailments like insomnia for example. 
The
  
drug is good for ailments like insomnia. ■ The
  Soviet Union is sensitive to industries, like, for
  instance, Norway's Konesberg, which sold them the
  controller. 
The Soviet Union is sensitive to
  
industries, for instance, Norway's Konesberg, which
  
sold them the controller. ■ Words like
  ``responsibility,'' ``growth,'' ``achievement,''
  and ``challenge,'' for example, have been elevated
  to the lyrics of the patriotic anthem for all
  organizations. 
Words like ``responsibility,''
  
``growth,'' ``achievement,'' and ``challenge'' have
  
been elevated to the lyrics of the patriotic anthem
  
for all organizations. 

 limitation 
limit. There is no overall limitation
  on the percentage of the trust's portfolio
  securities which may be subject to a hedge
  position. 
There is no overall limit on the
  
percentage of the trust's portfolio securities
  
which may be subject to a hedge position. 

 (very) limited 
bare; few; little; meager; rare;
  
scant; scanty; scarce; short; slight; small; spare;
  
sparse. While opportunities for broad-scale
  consumer advertising may be limited for a while,
  there are lots of opportunities for commercial
  communications. 
While opportunities for
  
broad-scale consumer advertising may be scarce for
  
a while, there are lots of opportunities for
  
commercial communications. ■ But telephone
  analysts and the companies themselves caution that
  demand for the phones, which cost between $400 and
  $500 each, will be very limited. 
But telephone
  
analysts and the companies themselves caution that
  
demand for the phones, which cost between $400 and
  
$500 each, will be slight. 

 (a; the) limited number of 
a couple; a few; eight
  
(four); little; meager; not many; one or two (two
  
or three); scant; scanty; (only) so many; some;
  
spare; sparse. A surgeon can only do a limited
  number of operations. 
A surgeon can only do so
  
many operations. ■ These specialized skills come
  only from concentration, and only a limited number
  of banks can afford it. 
These specialized skills
  
come only from concentration, and only a few banks
  
can afford it. ■ Some programs allow you to enter
  descriptive comments about files so you don't have
  to rely on the limited number of characters allowed
  in the filename to identify them. 
Some programs
  
allow you to enter descriptive comments about files
  
so you don't have to rely on the eight characters
  
allowed in the filename to identify them. ■ There
  were a limited number of episodes in which it was
  obvious that she had been drinking too much. 
There
  
were two or three episodes in which it was obvious
  
that she had been drinking too much. 

 (a; the) limited selection (of) 
a couple; a few;
  
eight (four); little; meager; not many; one or two
  
(two or three); scant; scanty; (only) so many;
  
some; spare; sparse. 

 linkage 
link. Particular attention needs to be
  given to the linkage among the various strategic
  levels within and across national markets.
  
Particular attention needs to be given to the link
  
among the various strategic levels within and
  
across national markets. ■ There's a possibility
  the deaths are related, but it hasn't risen to a
  conclusive statement that there's a linkage.
  
There's a possibility the deaths are related, but
  
it hasn't risen to a conclusive statement that
  
there's a link. 

 link together 
connect; link. It's natural to link
  the two of them together. 
It's natural to connect
  
the two of them. ■ Its many parts are linked
  together by computers and can respond to changing
  needs more quickly than their aging counterparts.
  
Its many parts are linked by computers and can
  
respond to changing needs more quickly than their
  
aging counterparts. ■ The relationship which links
  God, human beings, and all of the community of the
  living together is emphasized in the covenant which
  God made with Noah after the flood. 
The
  
relationship which links God, human beings, and all
  
of the community of the living is emphasized in the
  
covenant which God made with Noah after the flood.

 liquid refreshment 
drink. 

 literally delete. We have a fee maximum on
  literally every CPT code imaginable. 
We have a fee
  
maximum on every CPT code imaginable. ■ My mom was
  living literally with a time bomb. 
My mom was
  
living with a time bomb. ■ The operating system
  literally picks itself up by its own bootstraps.
  
The operating system picks itself up by its own
  
bootstraps. ■ Wilderness areas are now literally
  being loved to death by burgeoning numbers of
  backpackers, some of them ignorant of backcountry
  etiquette and hygiene. 
Wilderness areas are now
  
being loved to death by burgeoning numbers of
  
backpackers, some of them ignorant of backcountry
  
etiquette and hygiene. 

 little by little 
gradually; slowly. 

 little (small) child 
child. How do you tell a
  little child that his father isn't coming home
  again? 
How do you tell a child that his father
  
isn't coming home again? 

 little (small; tiny) iota 
iota. I don't care one
  little iota less than you do about homelessness in
  America. 
I don't care one iota less than you do
  
about homelessness in America. 

 locality 
area; city; district; locale; place;
  
point; region; site; spot; state; town; zone. The
  U.S. findings are based on in-person interviews
  with 1,569 adults, conducted in more than 300
  scientifically selected localities across the
  nation. 
The U.S. findings are based on in-person
  
interviews with 1,569 adults, conducted in more
  
than 300 scientifically selected towns across the
  
nation. ■ Today, modern water wells in some
  localities are more than 300 meters deep. 
Today,
  
modern water wells in some sites are more than 300
  
meters deep. 

 located delete. The Trust's principal office is
  located at One World Trade Center, New York, New
  York 10048. 
The Trust's principal office is at One
  
World Trade Center, New York, New York 10048. ■
  The numerals indicate which page the section is
  located on. 
The numerals indicate which page the
  
section is on. ■ The school, which is located in
  an old, poorly cared for building, further added to
  our misgivings. 
The school, which is in an old,
  
poorly cared for building, further added to our
  
misgivings. ■ Also known as the ``rational
  expectations school,'' the freshwater school takes
  its name from the fact that it is taught in
  universities located on or near the shores of the
  Great Lakes. 
Also known as the ``rational
  
expectations school,'' the freshwater school takes
  
its name from the fact that it is taught in
  
universities on or near the shores of the Great
  
Lakes. 

 logical reason 
reason. 

 long suit 
forte. 

 look to see 
check; examine; see; verify. He is
  now looking to see if the same adducts occur in
  living cells damaged by hydroxyl radicals. 
He is
  
now seeing if the same adducts occur in living
  
cells damaged by hydroxyl radicals. 

 lose out on 
lose. 

 lots of 
many; much. 

 loudly bellow (holler; howl; roar; scream; shout;
  shriek; yell) 
bellow (holler; howl; roar; scream;
  
shout; shriek; yell). In the early days of VCRs,
  movie companies howled loudly at the advent of
  movie rentals and attempted blocking legislation.
  
In the early days of VCRs, movie companies howled
  
at the advent of movie rentals and attempted
  
blocking legislation. 

 -(al)ly enough 
-(al)ly; delete. Ironically
  enough, many states have loosened their
  registration laws in the last decade, but turnout
  still declines. 
Ironically, many states have
  
loosened their registration laws in the last
  
decade, but turnout still declines. ■
  Interestingly enough, very few Texans bought these
  fantasies; the buyers came from other places. 
Very
  
few Texans bought these fantasies; the buyers came
  
from other places. 

 -(al)ly speaking 
-(al)ly; delete.  All four of
  their parents would be the same, genetically
  speaking. 
All four of their parents would be
  
genetically the same. ■ Generally speaking, sunny
  skies will cover the nation today. 
Generally,
  
sunny skies will cover the nation today. ■ Broadly
  speaking, banks' roles have been to take deposits,
  lend money, pool and transform risk, direct the
  transfer of financial assets, and provide financial
  advice and service to customers. 
Broadly, banks'
  
roles have been to take deposits, lend money, pool
  
and transform risk, direct the transfer of
  
financial assets, and provide financial advice and
  
service to customers. ■ Frankly speaking, I don't
  believe they were percussion grenades. 
Frankly, I
  
don't believe they were percussion grenades. ■
  Although there may be small differences between the
  jobs, they are, relatively speaking,
  inconsequential. 
Although there may be small
  
differences between the jobs, they are relatively
  
inconsequential. ■ Personally speaking, I belonged
  to the Howdy Doody generation. 
I belonged to the
  
Howdy Doody generation.

 M

 made of delete. The only data show small vestiges
  of threads made of cotton. 
The only data show
  
small vestiges of cotton threads. 

 made to measure 
custom; customized; custom-made;
  
tailored; tailor-made. 

 made to order 
custom; customized; custom-made;
  
tailored; tailor-made. 

 made up out of 
made of; delete. 

 magnitude 
import; moment; scope; size. Nothing is
  unthinkable when you try to solve a problem of this
  magnitude. 
Nothing is unthinkable when you try to
  
solve a problem of this size. 

 major delete. If the vice president comes in third,
  it's a major disaster. 
If the vice president comes
  
in third, it's a disaster. ■ Since World War II
  was raging at the time, this major breakthrough was
  unknown by anyone outside Germany. 
Since World War
  
II was raging at the time, this breakthrough was
  
unknown by anyone outside Germany. ■ Combining
  these two world-class companies represents a major
  milestone for the plastics industry. 
Combining
  
these two world-class companies represents a
  
milestone for the plastics industry. ■ It's going
  to take a couple of years to shake out, but it
  won't result in a major calamity. 
It's going to
  
take a couple of years to shake out, but it won't
  
result in a calamity. 

 (a; the) majority (of) 
almost all (of); (nine) in
  
(ten) (of); many (of); more (of); most (of); nearly
  
all (of); (43) of (48) (of); ... percent (of);
  
three-fourths (two-thirds) (of). The majority of
  people do not expect to experience a trauma like
  this. 
Most people do not expect to experience a
  
trauma like this. ■ The majority of the uninsured
  and underinsured are working people whose employers
  do not offer health benefits. 
Nearly all the
  
uninsured and underinsured are working people whose
  
employers do not offer health benefits. ■ Surveys
  reveal that the majority of chronic fatigue
  syndrome victims are between 22 and 45. 
Surveys
  
reveal that 60 percent of chronic fatigue syndrome
  
victims are between 22 and 45. ■ The majority of
  successful women are found in industries that have
  a history of being more receptive to women. 
Eight
  
in ten successful women are found in industries
  
that have a history of being more receptive to
  
women. 

 (a; the) major part (percentage; portion;
  proportion) (of) 
a good (great) deal (of); a good
  
(great) many (of); almost all (of); (nine) in (ten)
  
(of); many (of); more (of); most (of); nearly all
  
(of); (43) of (48) (of); ... percent (of);
  
three-fourths (two-thirds) (of). Murdoch could
  borrow a major portion of the purchase price using
  Triangle's assets as collateral. 
Murdoch could
  
borrow most of the purchase price using Triangle's
  
assets as collateral. 

 make ... (a; the) ... (about; of; to) delete. We
  made the incorrect assumption that every junior
  investment officer would see a loan opportunity in
  the sale of an entrepreneur's business. 
We
  
incorrectly assumed that every junior investment
  
officer would see a loan opportunity in the sale of
  
an entrepreneur's business. ■ Dr. Koop made
  reference to the intravenous use of drugs and how
  this can cause AIDS. 
Dr. Koop referred to the
  
intravenous use of drugs and how this can cause
  
AIDS. ■ Two major issues should be considered when
  making a choice. 
Two major issues should be
  
considered when choosing. ■ We made an agreement
  that she would keep the stereo for me. 
We agreed
  
that she would keep the stereo for me. ■ Why make
  that admission to them? 
Why admit that to them? ■
  The company's management may not see any reason for
  making a shift from their current approach. 
The
  
company's management may not see any reason for
  
shifting from their current approach. ■ By making
  adjustments to the price, promotion, or
  distribution elements of the marketing mix, the
  risks and costs associated with product innovation
  are minimized. 
By adjusting the price, promotion,
  
or distribution elements of the marketing mix, the
  
risks and costs associated with product innovation
  
are minimized. ■ They may also make use of telex
  machines and other, more exclusive, communication
  devices. 
They may also use telex machines and
  
other, more exclusive, communication devices. ■
  Once we make that assessment, we'll make a
  decision. 
Once we assess that, we'll decide. 

 make ... acquaintance 
meet. I was very pleased to
  make your acquaintance. 
I was very pleased to meet
  
you. 

 make allowance for 
allow for; arrange for;
  
consider; prepare for; provide for. 

 make an appearance 
appear; arrive; come; show up.

 make an attempt (effort; endeavor) 
try. Triton
  has obviously made an attempt to bring in
  qualified, high-potential women but has paid no
  attention to integrating them into the old-boy
  network. 
Triton has obviously tried to bring in
  
qualified, high-potential women but has paid no
  
attention to integrating them into the old-boy
  
network. ■ For any question you answer
  incorrectly, make an effort to understand why the
  answer given is the correct one. 
For any question
  
you answer incorrectly, try to understand why the
  
answer given is the correct one. ■ We are going to
  make an effort to hold prices or even reduce them.
  
We are going to try to hold prices or even reduce
  
them. 

 make available 
afford; furnish; provide; supply.
  
Paralleling a business school course of study, our
  curriculum makes available a stable, inclusive, and
  continuing transmittal of practices and
  perspectives to those working managers who want to
  continue their education in management.
  
Paralleling a business school course of study, our
  
curriculum affords a stable, inclusive, and
  
continuing transmittal of practices and
  
perspectives to those working managers who want to
  
continue their education in management. 

 make believe 
feign; pretend. 

 make concession for 
allow for; arrange for;
  
consider; prepare for; provide for. 

 make contact (with) 
call; contact; discover;
  
encounter; find; locate; meet (with); phone; reach;
  
speak (to); talk (to); visit; write. In Sturgis,
  we made contact with the Sons of Silence. 
In
  
Sturgis, we encountered the Sons of Silence. 

 make (a; the) decision (determination) 
conclude;
  
decide; determine; resolve. I made the decision to
  keep on good terms with all the candidates. 
I
  
decided to keep on good terms with all the
  
candidates. ■ I made the determination never to
  return to work. 
I resolved never to return to
  
work. ■ It's premature to make that determination.
  
It's premature to conclude that. ■ Who makes that
  determination? 
Who determines that? ■ The federal
  government has made a determination that if you're
  poor you'll be treated poorly. 
The federal
  
government has determined that if you're poor
  
you'll be treated poorly. 

 make (a; the) determined decision 
conclude;
  
decide; determine; resolve. She made a determined
  decision to overcome her drug dependency. 
She
  
resolved to overcome her drug dependency. 

 make (a; the) distinction 
distinguish. For some
  years, economists have enjoyed making a distinction
  between ``salt water'' and ``fresh water''
  approaches to economics. 
For some years,
  
economists have enjoyed distinguishing between
  
``salt water'' and ``fresh water'' approaches to
  
economics. 

 make false statements 
lie. He did this by using a
  false Social Security number and making false
  statements on his application. 
He did this by
  
using a false Social Security number and lying on
  
his application. 

 (to) make matters worse 
what is worse; worse
  
still; worse yet. To make matters worse, many
  bankers did not receive their Fed advisories, or
  comparable information, from professional banking
  organizations until late July or August. 
Worse
  
still, many bankers did not receive their Fed
  
advisories, or comparable information, from
  
professional banking organizations until late July
  
or August. ■ To make matters worse, companies kept
  retail prices artificially inflated to make the
  planned ``sales'' affordable; consumer savings were
  largely imaginary. 
What's worse, companies kept
  
retail prices artificially inflated to make the
  
planned ``sales'' affordable; consumer savings were
  
largely imaginary. ■ Making matters worse, a boom
  in the herring export market has turned to bust.
  
Worse yet, a boom in the herring export market has
  
turned to bust.

 make mention of 
mention. You made mention of the
  fact that S&Ls insure you only up to $100,000. 
You
  
mentioned the fact that S&Ls insure you only up to
  
$100,000. ■ A joint communique issued at the close
  of a two-day summit made no mention of human rights
  issues. 
A joint communique issued at the close of
  
a two-day summit mentioned no human rights issues.
  ■ Someone made mention of the term old maid, which
  I think is no longer relevant in today's society.
  
Someone mentioned the term old maid, which I think
  
is no longer relevant in today's society. 

 make provision for 
allow for; arrange for;
  
consider; prepare for; provide for. No family can
  attempt to establish a budget without making
  provision for these ``unexpected'' but forever
  recurring expenses. 
No family can attempt to
  
establish a budget without allowing for these
  
``unexpected'' but forever recurring expenses. 

 make (a; the) statement saying (stating) 
comment;
  
remark; say; state. A well-known equipment dealer
  made a statement saying that he felt sorry for the
  Amish farmers because the time would come when they
  couldn't make a living on their small farms. 
A
  
well-known equipment dealer said that he felt sorry
  
for the Amish farmers because the time would come
  
when they couldn't make a living on their small
  
farms. ■ I think it's important for us to make a
  statement saying that this veto should be
  overridden. 
I think it's important for us to state
  
that this veto should be overridden. 

 make up (my) mind 
decide. King said he will make
  up his mind by mid-September on whether to seek the
  GOP nomination for governor. 
King said he will
  
decide by mid-September on whether to seek the GOP
  
nomination for governor. 

 make (my) way 
driving; proceeding; running;
  
walking. The vice president is now making his way
  to the platform. 
The vice president is now walking
  
to the platform. 

 many hundreds (thousands) 
hundreds (thousands).
  
The abacus shown here has been used in China for
  many hundreds of years. 
The abacus shown here has
  
been used in China for hundreds of years. 

 many times over 
frequently; often; recurrently;
  
regularly; repeatedly. 

 marginal 
little; narrow; slender; slight; slim;
  
small; tiny. 

 mass exodus 
exodus. The mass exodus to Penturbia
  is the result of a declining quality of life. 
The
  
exodus to Penturbia is the result of a declining
  
quality of life. ■ She saw no evidence of a
  conspiracy at the time of the mass exodus of
  doctors from Blue Shield. 
She saw no evidence of a
  
conspiracy at the time of the exodus of doctors
  
from Blue Shield. 

 mass extinction 
extinction. A comet striking
  Earth with the power of 300 million Hiroshima-sized
  atomic bombs may be the cause of mass extinction 11
  million years ago. 
A comet striking Earth with the
  
power of 300 million Hiroshima-sized atomic bombs
  
may be the cause of extinction 11 million years
  
ago. 

 match exactly 
duplicate; match. To find strings
  that match your case exactly, enter the appropriate
  characters in uppercase when specifying the string
  to be searched for. 
To find strings that match
  
your case, enter the appropriate characters in
  
uppercase when specifying the string to be searched
  
for. 

 match perfectly 
duplicate; match. The
  fluctuations of the one variable match perfectly
  the fluctuations of the other variable. 
The
  
fluctuations of the one variable duplicate the
  
fluctuations of the other variable. 

 match up 
match. 

 materialize 
develop; evolve; form; happen; occur;
  
result; take place. 

 matter-of-course 
common; customary; habitual;
  
natural; normal; ordinary; regGular; routine;
  
typical; usual. 

 matter-of-fact 
businesslike; factual; literal;
  
plain; prosaic; straightforward; unfeeling. 

 maximal 
biggest; greatest; highest; largest;
  
longest; most; top. 

 maximize 
add to; broaden; enlarge; greaten;
  
increase; raise. 

 (a; the) maximum ... of 
biggest; greatest;
  
highest; largest; longest; most; top. It is
  necessary to get the maximum mileage out of
  existing and new products as rapidly as possible.
  
It is necessary to get the most mileage out of
  
existing and new products as rapidly as possible.

 (a; the) maximum amount (of) 
biggest; greatest;
  
highest; largest; longest; most; top. 

 (a; the) maximum number (of) 
biggest; greatest;
  
highest; largest; longest; most; top. Set up your
  fields for the maximum number of lines. 
Set up
  
your fields for the most lines. 

 may or may not 
may; may not. Your assessment of
  Houston's nascent ascent from the urban graveyard
  may or may not prove to be on the mark, but your
  classification of its metropolitan area as the
  nation's fourth largest was not. 
Your assessment
  
of Houston's nascent ascent from the urban
  
graveyard may prove to be on the mark, but your
  
classification of its metropolitan area as the
  
nation's fourth largest was not. 

 may (might) perhaps 
may (might). 

 may (might) possibly 
may (might). She said
  Concord Academy might possibly be too difficult.
  
She said Concord Academy might be too difficult.
  ■ This may possibly be TV's last great miniseries.
  
This may be TV's last great miniseries. 

 meaningful delete. This slope can represent miles
  per hour, weight versus length, or a number of
  other meaningful rates that are important to the
  analysis of data. 
This slope can represent miles
  
per hour, weight versus length, or a number of
  
other rates that are important to the analysis of
  
data. 

 meaningful importance (significance) 
importance
  
(significance); meaning. 

 meaningless gibberish 
gibberish. 

 measured against 
against; alongside; beside;
  
compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less than;
  
more; more than; next to; over; than; to; versus;
  
vis-a-vis. Tariffs on most consumer goods dropped
  by only one-tenth, a figure that looks minuscule
  measured against the 12-percent federal sales tax
  the Canadian government still slaps on everything
  coming into the country. 
Tariffs on most consumer
  
goods dropped by only one-tenth, a figure that
  
looks minuscule alongside the 12-percent federal
  
sales tax the Canadian government still slaps on
  
everything coming into the country. ■ Retrieving
  data from disks is slow measured against the speed
  of processing the records once they are in memory.
  
Retrieving data from disks is slower than the
  
speed of processing the records once they are in
  
memory. 

 measure up to 
meet. Because many teachers expect
  children from the same family to behave in the same
  manner, it can be particularly difficult for
  temperamentally different siblings to measure up to
  their expectations. 
Because many teachers expect
  
children from the same family to behave in the same
  
manner, it can be particularly difficult for
  
temperamentally different siblings to meet their
  
expectations. 

 mechanical mechanism 
mechanical; mechanism. The
  final result was the Pascaline, a polished brass
  box containing a sophisticated, mechanical
  calculating mechanism composed of gears. 
The final
  
result was the Pascaline, a polished brass box
  
containing a sophisticated calculating mechanism
  
composed of gears. 

 meet together 
meet. 

 memorandum 
memo; note. This memorandum is for
  informative purposes only. 
This memo is for
  
informative purposes only. 

 mental ability (capacity) 
ability (capacity). 

 mental telepathy 
telepathy. 

 (a; the) -ment of 
-ing. The assignment of
  retirement assets to a money manager may entail a
  lengthy process of evaluation by the corporate
  client. 
Assigning retirement assets to a money
  
manager may entail a lengthy process of evaluation
  
by the corporate client. ■ The second step in an
  expansion program is the establishment of
  credibility in the new markets. 
The second step in
  
an expansion program is establishing credibility in
  
the new markets. ■ We project line widths will
  fall to the 1-micron level by 1990 by the
  development and employment of nontraditional,
  lithographic processes. 
We project line widths
  
will fall to the 1-micron level by 1990 by
  
developing and employing nontraditional,
  
lithographic processes. ■ They are responsible for
  the management of their specific work groups and
  for the accomplishment of the actual work of the
  organization. 
They are responsible for managing
  
their specific work groups and for accomplishing
  
the actual work of the organization. ■ Meetings do
  not contribute to the attainment of individual
  objectives. 
Meetings do not contribute to
  
attaining individual objectives. ■ The treatment
  of these items as expenses results in lower rents
  and more available apartments. 
Treating these
  
items as expenses results in lower rents and more
  
available apartments. 

 merge into one (company) 
merge. The two
  departments are being merged into one. 
The two
  
departments are being merged. ■ Officials of the
  Farm Credit System say nine of the system's banks
  for cooperatives will be merged into one bank.
  
Officials of the Farm Credit System say nine of
  
the system's banks for cooperatives will be
  
merged. ■ The Federal Home Loan Bank Board
  announced that eight troubled Texas savings and
  loan associations were being merged into one in a
  record $2.5 billion transaction. 
The Federal Home
  
Loan Bank Board announced that eight troubled Texas
  
savings and loan associations were being merged in
  
a record $2.5 billion transaction. 

 merge together 
merge. First, create the files to
  be merged together. 
First, create the files to be
  
merged. ■ The strategy shifts from one of
  consolidation to one of integration; that is, the
  international and domestic activities are merged
  together. 
The strategy shifts from one of
  
consolidation to one of integration; that is, the
  
international and domestic activities are merged.

 mesh together 
mesh. Gears are toothed wheels that
  mesh together to transmit force and motion from one
  gear to the next. 
Gears are toothed wheels that
  
mesh to transmit force and motion from one gear to
  
the next. ■ The governor's press secretary said
  the trip meshed together local concerns with
  campaign themes. 
The governor's press secretary
  
said the trip meshed local concerns with campaign
  
themes. 

 metaphorically speaking 
as it were; in a sense; in
  
a way; so to speak. 

 methodology 
method. The approaches used to gain
  this understanding draw on the methodologies
  developed by such social sciences as anthropology,
  linguistics, and sociology. 
The approaches used to
  
gain this understanding draw on the methods
  
developed by such social sciences as anthropology,
  
linguistics, and sociology. ■ When developing
  estimates of market size, data extrapolation
  methodologies may be useful. 
When developing
  
estimates of market size, data extrapolation
  
methods may be useful. 

 metropolis 
city. 

 (with) might and main 
force; power; strength. 

 might or might not 
might; might not. 

 mingle together 
mingle. An invitation-only crowd
  of some 40 people met at Kate's Mystery Books,
  though many in the crowd apparently did not want to
  mingle together. 
An invitation-only crowd of some
  
40 people met at Kate's Mystery Books, though many
  
in the crowd apparently did not want to mingle. 

 minimal 
brief; least; lowest; minor; not much;
  
scant; short; slight; smallest. At this point, you
  will want to be able to type the minimal number of
  keys to execute commands. 
At this point, you will
  
want to be able to type the least number of keys to
  
execute commands. ■ The child receives much
  disapproval and punishment for incorrect behavior
  and minimal approval for correct behavior. 
The
  
child receives much disapproval and punishment for
  
incorrect behavior and not much approval for
  
correct behavior. ■ We're hoping the damage to
  computers is minimal. 
We're hoping the damage to
  
computers is slight. ■ We expect the delay will be
  minimal. 
We expect the delay will be brief. 

 (a; the) minimal number (of) 
a couple (of); a few
  
(of); a handful (of); fewer than half (of); hardly
  
any (of); (one) in (ten) (of); less than half (of);
  
not many (of); (9) of (48) (of); one or two (two or
  
three) (of); one-third (one-fifteenth) (of); ...
  
percent (of); scarcely any (of). Smith said a
  minimal number of people have irreconcilable
  differences with the roommate they selected. 
Smith
  
said hardly any people have irreconcilable
  
differences with the roommate they selected. 

 minimize 
decrease; lower; reduce. 

 (a; the) minimum (of) 
at least; (the) least;
  
little; lowest; minimum; scant; shortest;
  
slightest; smallest; tiniest. Most oxyacetylene
  welding is done manually with a minimum of
  equipment. 
Most oxyacetylene welding is done
  
manually with minimum equipment. ■ It takes a
  minimum of $100,000 and a year and a half to
  develop a good standalone piece of software. 
It
  
takes at least $100,000 and a year and a half to
  
develop a good standalone piece of software. ■ A
  doctrine of belief in the people assumes that
  individuals find ways of doing good over a lifetime
  with a minimum of state interference. 
A doctrine
  
of belief in the people assumes that individuals
  
find ways of doing good over a lifetime with the
  
least state interference. 

 (a; the) minority (of) 
a couple (of); a few (of);
  
a handful (of); fewer than half (of); hardly any
  
(of); (one) in (ten) (of); less than half (of); not
  
many (of); (9) of (48) (of); one or two (two or
  
three) (of); one-third (one-fifteenth) (of); ...
  
percent (of); scarcely any (of). Despite growing
  political attention to the issue of financing
  long-term care for the elderly, the figures
  underscore that a minority of all elderly people
  actually wind up in nursing homes. 
Despite growing
  
political attention to the issue of financing
  
long-term care for the elderly, the figures
  
underscore that fewer than half of all elderly
  
people actually wind up in nursing homes. ■ A
  minority of those who are comfortable financially
  are good givers, but some of the country's
  wealthiest give dramatically large sums. 
Few who
  
are comfortable financially are good givers, but
  
some of the country's wealthiest give dramatically
  
large sums. ■ The transgressions of a minority of
  institutions is no reason to call for the
  dismantling of our business and to pronounce that
  it has outlived its usefulness. 
The transgressions
  
of a few institutions is no reason to call for the
  
dismantling of our business and to pronounce that
  
it has outlived its usefulness. 

 minutely detail 
detail. Given a problem,
  engineers and computer scientists, accustomed to
  working with mathematical procedures, would write a
  program─a list of minutely detailed instructions
  logically guiding the computer step by step through
  its assigned task. 
Given a problem, engineers and
  
computer scientists, accustomed to working with
  
mathematical procedures, would write a program─a
  
list of detailed instructions logically guiding the
  
computer step by step through its assigned task. 

 mix and mingle 
mingle; mix. 

 mix together 
mix. The capability to mix text and
  graphics together in the same document makes it
  easy to produce newsletters, instructional
  materials, and other documents where figures,
  logos, and/or pictures are needed. 
The capability
  
to mix text and graphics in the same document makes
  
it easy to produce newsletters, instructional
  
materials, and other documents where figures,
  
logos, and/or pictures are needed. 

 modern, state-of-the-art 
modern; state-of-the-art.
  
Today, with modern, state-of-the-art technologies,
  breast cancer can be detected at very early stages
  of development. 
Today, with modern technologies,
  
breast cancer can be detected at very early stages
  
of development. 

 (a; the) modicum of 
few; little; some; tiny;
  
trifle. 

 months of age 
months. At 14 months of age, these
  children showed fear and shyness when taken into a
  room with strangers. 
At 14 months, these children
  
showed fear and shyness when taken into a room with
  
strangers. 

 more -(i)er 
-(i)er; more. Watching television is
  more easier than reading. 
Watching television is
  
easier than reading. ■ She's more lovelier than I
  ever imagined. 
She's more lovely than I ever
  
imagined. ■ He did it more better. 
He did it
  
better. 

 more extended (lengthy; prolonged; protracted)
  
longer. Even the IRS has been testing itself over
  a more prolonged period. 
Even the IRS has been
  
testing itself over a longer period. 

 more improved 
improved. 

 more inferior 
inferior. 

 more often than not 
almost always; commonly;
  
customarily; generally; most often; nearly always;
  
normally; typically; usually. 

 (the) more ... of the two 
(the) -(i)er; (the)
  
more. Objectivity is certainly the more difficult
  of the two to sustain. 
Objectivity is certainly
  
the more difficult to sustain. ■ From the
  viewpoint of cost, the secured loan is the more
  advantageous of the two. 
From the viewpoint of
  
cost, the secured loan is the more advantageous. 

 more preferable 
preferable. We have never said
  any one group is more preferable to another. 
We
  
have never said any one group is preferable to
  
another. 

 more superior 
superior. 

 more than exceeded (surpassed) 
exceeded
  
(surpassed). From all sides, there is little
  disagreement that while business more than exceeded
  its component goals, the schools fell short of
  theirs. 
From all sides, there is little
  
disagreement that while business exceeded its
  
component goals, the schools fell short of theirs.

 most but not all 
almost all; (nine) in (ten);
  
many; most; nearly all; (43) of (48); ... percent;
  
three-fourths (two-thirds). Most, but not all,
  accounting programs store the data you enter in a
  database. 
Almost all accounting programs store the
  
data you enter in a database. ■ The business
  community supports the utility's position; so do
  most, but not all, politicians. 
The business
  
community supports the utility's position; so do
  
most politicians. ■ DOSCMD can execute most, but
  not all, BASIC.SYSTEM disk commands. 
DOSCMD can
  
execute nearly all BASIC.SYSTEM disk commands. 

 most -(i)est 
-(i)est; most. You missed two of the
  most simplest questions. 
You missed two of the
  
simplest questions. 

 most favorite 
favorite; most favored. 

 most important 
above all. Most important, the
  system that files are designated by should be
  consistent and understood by everyone. 
Above all,
  
the system that files are designated by should be
  
consistent and understood by everyone. 

 most important 
central; chief; critical; crucial;
  
foremost; key; leading; main; major; pivotal;
  
principal; seminal. The Medical Society's central
  point was that access, not the number of physicians
  licensed, is the most important issue facing the
  delivery of medical services. 
The Medical
  
Society's central point was that access, not the
  
number of physicians licensed, is the main issue
  
facing the delivery of medical services. ■ The
  company's most important product, Mechanical
  Advantage, began shipping in early 1987. 
The
  
company's leading product, Mechanical Advantage,
  
began shipping in early 1987. ■ Recent studies
  have shown that for most investors, retiring
  comfortably is their most important financial goal.
  
Recent studies have shown that for most investors,
  
retiring comfortably is their foremost financial
  
goal. ■ The most important factor in determining
  the amount of pension plan income you receive is
  your longevity with one company. 
The key factor in
  
determining the amount of pension plan income you
  
receive is your longevity with one company. 

 most ... one 
most. It's fairly obvious that the
  third approach will get the best results, but it is
  also the most difficult one to employ. 
It's fairly
  
obvious that the third approach will get the best
  
results, but it is also the most difficult to
  
employ. 

 most (of the) time(s) 
almost always; commonly;
  
generally; most often; nearly always; normally;
  
typically; usually. 

 motion picture 
film; movie. 

 motivating force 
drive; energy; force; impetus;
  
motivation; power. The primary motivating force
  behind their behavior is the need to shock others.
  
The primary motivation behind their behavior is
  
the need to shock others. ■ A place for the
  governor to demonstrate that he has not forgotten
  the central motivating force in his early political
  career is the lobby of 75 State Street. 
A place
  
for the governor to demonstrate that he has not
  
forgotten the central force in his early political
  
career is the lobby of 75 State Street. 

 motivation 
motive. There is doubt about the
  ethical standards of life insurance companies as
  well as the motivations and practices of the agents
  selling their products. 
There is doubt about the
  
ethical standards of life insurance companies as
  
well as the motives and practices of the agents
  
selling their products. 

 move forward 
advance; go on; move on; proceed;
  
progress. We urge all involved to move forward
  with whatever plans make the most sense for both
  the city and the college. 
We urge all involved to
  
proceed with whatever plans make the most sense for
  
both the city and the college. 

 multiple 
many; several. You are taking in data on
  multiple levels. 
You are taking in data on many
  
levels. 

 (a; the) multiplicity of 
a good (great) many;
  
countless; endless; infinite; many; millions (of);
  
numberless; numerous; thousands (of); untold. She
  suffers from a multiplicity of moods and
  personalities. 
She suffers from many moods and
  
personalities. 

 (a; the) multitude of 
a good (great) many;
  
countless; endless; infinite; many; millions (of);
  
numberless; numerous; thousands (of); untold. How
  do our customers and prospects view us given the
  multitude of changes in customers' needs and
  behaviors? 
How do our customers and prospects view
  
us given the many changes in customers' needs and
  
behaviors? 

 multitudinous 
a good (great) many; countless;
  
endless; infinite; many; millions (of); numberless;
  
numerous; thousands (of); untold. 

 must necessarily (of necessity) 
inevitably; must;
  
necessarily; of necessity; unavoidably. Texts
  organized around specific topics must of necessity
  limit their discussion to the features contained in
  those programs. 
Texts organized around specific
  
topics must limit their discussion to the features
  
contained in those programs. ■ Such people must of
  necessity feel accountable to the public they
  serve, rather than to a structure that could become
  bureaucratic as easily as any other. 
Such people
  
must feel accountable to the public they serve,
  
rather than to a structure that could become
  
bureaucratic as easily as any other. 

 mutual agreement (mutually agree) 
agreement
  
(agree). The NATO leaders proclaimed mutual
  agreement about reducing the missile systems. 
The
  
NATO leaders proclaimed agreement about reducing
  
the missile systems. ■ They have mutually agreed
  that it would be in the best interest of both
  parties to amend the terms of the management and
  operating contract. 
They have agreed that it would
  
be in the best interest of both parties to amend
  
the terms of the management and operating contract.

 mutual ... and (between ... and; both; each other;
  one another; two) 
and (between ... and; both;
  
each other; one another; two). I think all three
  news directors in town have a mutual respect for
  one another. 
I think all three news directors in
  
town have a respect for one another. ■
  Understanding exists when both parties involved in
  the communication mutually agree not only on the
  information but also on the meaning of the
  information. 
Understanding exists when both
  
parties involved in the communication agree not
  
only on the information but also on the meaning of
  
the information. ■ Both Herzberg's research and
  the Tarrytown experiment tell us that job
  enrichment must take place in an atmosphere of
  mutual trust between labor and management. 
Both
  
Herzberg's research and the Tarrytown experiment
  
tell us that job enrichment must take place in an
  
atmosphere of trust between labor and management.

 mutual communication 
communication. In this way,
  mutual communication is established, and some type
  of agreement becomes much more possible. 
In this
  
way, communication is established, and some type of
  
agreement becomes much more possible. 

 mutual cooperation 
cooperation. 

 mutual friendship 
friendship. 

 my feeling (thinking) is 
I assert; I believe; I
  
claim; I contend; I feel; I hold; I judge; I
  
maintain; I say; I think; I view; to me; delete.
  My feeling is we're not talking about McCarthyism,
  we're talking about a crippled attorney general.
  
We're not talking about McCarthyism, we're talking
  
about a crippled attorney general. 

 (a) myriad of 
a good (great) many; countless;
  
endless; infinite; many; millions (of); numberless;
  
numerous; thousands (of); untold. 

 
     N 


  
name as 
name. 

 ... nature delete. The heinous nature of the crime
  staggers the imagination. 
The heinousness of the
  
crime staggers the imagination. ■ A stubborn
  democrat, Snow was troubled by the authoritarian
  nature of the Communist movement, but saw it as a
  lesser evil than the inadequacies of the Chiang
  Kai-shek Government. 
A stubborn democrat, Snow was
  
troubled by the authoritarianism of the Communist
  
movement, but saw it as a lesser evil than the
  
inadequacies of the Chiang Kai-shek Government. ■
  The possibly blasphemous nature of this comment
  aside, a couple of thoughts come to mind. 
The
  
possible blasphemy of this comment aside, a couple
  
of thoughts come to mind. ■ The ashes are a
  reminder of the transitory nature of life. 
The
  
ashes are a reminder of the transitoriness of life.

 neat and tidy 
neat; tidy. 

 necessarily have to 
have to. It doesn't
  necessarily have to be a bad place to go. 
It
  
doesn't have to be a bad place to go. 

 necessary 
needed; needful; pressing; urgent;
  
vital. The symbol is often in a more simple form
  when all the specifications are not necessary. 
The
  
symbol is often in a more simple form when all the
  
specifications are not needed. 

 necessary essential 
essential; necessary. 

 necessary prerequisite 
necessary; prerequisite. 

 necessary requirement 
necessary; requirement.
  
Naturally, we are complying with any necessary
  reporting requirements. 
Naturally, we are
  
complying with any reporting requirements. ■ ``As
  consistent with school policies'' refers to the
  student satisfying necessary requirements for
  leaving campus on a weekend. 
``As consistent with
  
school policies'' refers to the student satisfying
  
requirements for leaving campus on a weekend. 

 necessary requisite 
necessary; requisite. 

 necessitate 
demand; exact; must; need; require.
  
This is expensive and time-consuming and
  necessitates the establishment of an explicit
  export infrastructure within the firm. 
This is
  
expensive and time-consuming and requires the
  
establishment of an explicit export infrastructure
  
within the firm. ■ Your husband's job necessitates
  a great deal of independence and a lot of latitude
  in his hours. 
Your husband's job demands a great
  
deal of independence and a lot of latitude in his
  
hours. 

 necessity 
need. The emphasis on technical
  expertise is being balanced by a necessity for good
  interpersonal skills. 
The emphasis on technical
  
expertise is being balanced by a need for good
  
interpersonal skills. 

 needless to say 
clearly; naturally; obviously; of
  
course; plainly; delete.   

 need not necessarily (of necessity) 
need not.
  
This need not necessarily mean that the regime
  must fall before it can be studied. 
This need not
  
mean that the regime must fall before it can be
  
studied. ■ This need not of necessity be
  conservative, for the status quo may as readily
  lead to civil strife as indoctrination by radical
  parties. 
This need not be conservative, for the
  
status quo may as readily lead to civil strife as
  
indoctrination by radical parties. 

 needs hardly be said 
clearly; naturally;
  
obviously; of course; plainly; delete. 

 need to have 
need. We felt in order to support
  the nugget we needed to have an overall precious
  metals plan. 
We felt in order to support the
  
nugget we needed an overall precious metals plan.
  ■ Managers need to have technical, human, and
  conceptual skills. 
Managers need technical, human,
  
and conceptual skills. 

 negative feelings 
anger; annoyance; disfavor;
  
dislike; displeasure; disregard; distaste; hate;
  
hatred; indifference; resentment. I have nothing
  but negative feelings for her. 
I have nothing but
  
hatred for her. 

 neither here nor there 
immaterial; inapt;
  
irrelevant; not pertinent. 

 neither one 
neither. He was promised immunity
  from prosecution and a meeting with the mayor, but
  he got neither one. 
He was promised immunity from
  
prosecution and a meeting with the mayor, but he
  
got neither. ■ Neither one of us wanted to admit
  it. 
Neither of us wanted to admit it. 

 never at any time 
never; not ever; not once. 

 never ever 
never; not ever; not once. You never
  ever make concessions to terrorists. 
You never
  
make concessions to terrorists. 

 nevertheless 
anyhow; even so; still; yet. There
  are nagging questions, nevertheless. 
Still, there
  
are nagging questions. 

 new and innovative 
innovative; new. The health
  care industry is marketing many new and innovative
  products. 
The health care industry is marketing
  
many innovative products. ■ We must continue to
  develop a range of new and innovative network
  products and services for both the office and the
  home. 
We must continue to develop a range of new
  
network products and services for both the office
  
and the home. 

 (brand) new baby 
baby. 

 new beginning 
beginning. 

 new construction 
construction. Both firms predict
  the vacancy rate will fall, if only because of a
  lack of new construction. 
Both firms predict the
  
vacancy rate will fall, if only because of a lack
  
of construction. 

 new creation 
creation. 

 new departure 
departure. The environmental
  community is hopeful that Bush will represent a new
  departure in environmental protection. 
The
  
environmental community is hopeful that Bush will
  
represent a departure in environmental protection.

 new innovation 
innovation. There is now ample
  evidence that the United States is lagging behind
  Japan in new innovations. 
There is now ample
  
evidence that the United States is lagging behind
  
Japan in innovations. 

 new introduction 
introduction. 

 new (high) record 
record. This computer,
  introduced in 1981, set a new record for sales and
  quickly became the standard around which most other
  manufacturers designed their machines. 
This
  
computer, introduced in 1981, set a record for
  
sales and quickly became the standard around which
  
most other manufacturers designed their machines.
  ■ The New England Power Pool said a new record for
  the six-state region was set yesterday at noon as a
  reading of 19,383 megawatts was registered. 
The
  
New England Power Pool said a record for the
  
six-state region was set yesterday at noon as a
  
reading of 19,383 megawatts was registered. 

 new recruit 
recruit. 

 next of all 
also; and; as well; besides; further;
  
furthermore; moreover; next; second; still more;
  
too. 

 no basis in fact 
baseless; groundless; unfounded.

 no better (than) 
best. This last point is perhaps
  no better illustrated than by the recent
  acquisition of Applied Data Research by Computer
  Associates. 
This last point is perhaps best
  
illustrated by the recent acquisition of Applied
  
Data Research by Computer Associates. 

 no longer in existence 
dead; defunct; extinct. 

 no longer with us 
dead; fired. 

 no matter (what) 
despite (what); whatever. No
  matter what the period to maturity, they are
  accepted for payment of taxes due at face or par
  value. 
Whatever the period to maturity, they are
  
accepted for payment of taxes due at face or par
  
value. ■ No matter what form your writing takes,
  after just one day at our workshop you'll be better
  equipped to write your ideas in a clear, logical
  and persuasive style. 
Despite what form your
  
writing takes, after just one day at our workshop
  
you'll be better equipped to write your ideas in a
  
clear, logical and persuasive style. 

 no matter how 
despite how; however. She was
  determined, no matter how long it took, to find out
  the truth. 
She was determined, despite how long it
  
took, to find out the truth. ■ Americans should
  rejoice in the knowledge that a nation that has had
  so little use for aesthetic endeavor has developed
  sufficient maturity to honor genuine artists, no
  matter how imperfect their achievements. 
Americans
  
should rejoice in the knowledge that a nation that
  
has had so little use for aesthetic endeavor has
  
developed sufficient maturity to honor genuine
  
artists, however imperfect their achievements. ■
  In the current Washington climate, it would be next
  to impossible to introduce any revenue-losing
  measure no matter how justified and no matter how
  favorable the effect on our national saving rate.
  
In the current Washington climate, it would be
  
next to impossible to introduce any revenue-losing
  
measure however justified and however favorable the
  
effect on our national saving rate. 

 no matter when 
despite when; whenever. No matter
  when you use them, voice-mail messages are usually
  a lot briefer and more efficient than the
  give-and-take of ordinary conversation. 
Despite
  
when you use them, voice-mail messages are usually
  
a lot briefer and more efficient than the
  
give-and-take of ordinary conversation. 

 no matter where 
despite where; wherever. From the
  state's point of view, the collider will be a boon
  no matter where it is located. 
From the state's
  
point of view, the collider will be a boon wherever
  
it is located. ■ Being an adolescent today is
  tough no matter where you come from. 
Being an
  
adolescent today is tough wherever you come from.
  ■ Using the new, more powerful accelerator, doctors
  expect to be able to treat virtually any tumor no
  matter where it is in the body. 
Using the new,
  
more powerful accelerator, doctors expect to be
  
able to treat virtually any tumor despite where it
  
is in the body. 

 no matter whether ... (or) 
despite whether;
  
whether ... or (not). 

 no matter which 
despite which; whichever. After
  it has been started, CUBIT functions in exactly the
  same manner no matter which load method is used.
  
After it has been started, CUBIT functions in
  
exactly the same manner despite which load method
  
is used. ■ No matter which way I decide, I will be
  blamed for making the wrong decision. 
Whichever
  
way I decide, I will be blamed for making the wrong
  
decision. 

 no matter who 
despite who; whoever. It is still a
  good idea and should be adopted, no matter who wins
  the presidency. 
It is still a good idea and should
  
be adopted, whoever wins the presidency. ■ When
  you look at two of the primary markets NYNEX
  serves─large business customers and the financial
  marketplace─you'll see that we get consistently
  high marks in identification and recognition─no
  matter who does the measuring. 
When you look at
  
two of the primary markets NYNEX serves─large
  
business customers and the financial
  
marketplace─you'll see that we get consistently
  
high marks in identification and
  
recognition─despite who does the measuring. ■ We
  expect that 
The Book Review is committed to
  reviewing books it finds intriguing, no matter who
  the publisher. 
We expect that The Book Review
 is
  
committed to reviewing books it finds intriguing,
  
whoever the publisher. 

 no matter whom 
despite whom; whomever. No matter
  whom the voters choose, investors will be
  contemplating the first change of presidents since
  1980, with all the questions about future policies
  that implies. 
Whomever the voters choose,
  
investors will be contemplating the first change of
  
presidents since 1980, with all the questions about
  
future policies that implies. 

 no more (and) no less 
exactly; just; precisely. 

 no more than 
but; merely; only. 

 nonetheless 
anyhow; even so; still; yet. 

 noontime 
noon. The meeting on the 29th will be
  held at noontime in room 901. 
The meeting on the
  
29th will be held at noon in room 901. ■ The
  23-year-old began releasing his prisoners around
  noontime. 
The 23-year-old began releasing his
  
prisoners around noon. 

 no question (about it) 
yes. 

 not anything 
nothing. There's not anything wrong
  with this housing code. 
There's nothing wrong with
  
this housing code. 

 not anywhere 
nowhere. But this total is not
  anywhere near the level of demand. 
But this total
  
is nowhere near the level of demand. 

 not a one 
none; no one. 

 not ... at any time 
never; not ever; not once. My
  mother was not in a coma at any time; her last few
  weeks were the only period of very serious pain.
  
My mother was never in a coma; her last few weeks
  
were the only period of very serious pain. 

 notation 
memo; note. Read the entire chapter
  carefully and methodically, underlining key points
  and making marginal notations as you go. 
Read the
  
entire chapter carefully and methodically,
  
underlining key points and making marginal notes as
  
you go. 

 note how (that) delete. Note that character and
  integer expressions can be freely intermixed in
  output operations. 
Character and integer
  
expressions can be freely intermixed in output
  
operations. ■ Note how in this case, the pathname
  is not preceded by a slash. 
In this case, the
  
pathname is not preceded by a slash. 

 not ever 
never. 

 not hardly (scarcely) 
hardly (scarcely). 

 notice how (that) delete. Notice how the message
  line indicates how many characters were saved on
  the disk. 
The message line indicates how many
  
characters were saved on the disk. ■ Notice that
  the subscript values dictate which weight is
  assigned to which observed historical admissions
  level. 
The subscript values dictate which weight
  
is assigned to which observed historical admissions
  
level. 

 not in favor of 
disagree (with); oppose. 

 not in the least 
not at all. 

 notwithstanding 
after all; apart; aside; despite;
  
even with; for all; with all. Notwithstanding the
  foregoing, you will retain any rights you may have
  in the Materials under applicable patent or
  copyright laws. 
Despite the foregoing, you will
  
retain any rights you may have in the Materials
  
under applicable patent or copyright laws. ■ These
  misfortunes notwithstanding, the numbers of
  gorillas are believed to be growing. 
These
  
misfortunes aside, the numbers of gorillas are
  
believed to be growing. ■ The product's
  performance notwithstanding, analysts are hesitant
  to predict how it will fare in the marketplace.
  
For all the product's performance, analysts are
  
hesitant to predict how it will fare in the
  
marketplace. 

 notwithstanding the fact that 
although; but; even
  
though; still; though; yet. Of what relevance to
  usage (notwithstanding the fact that the topic is
  interesting) is an entry on eponyms? 
Of what
  
relevance to usage (even though the topic is
  
interesting) is an entry on eponyms? 

 null and void 
invalid; not binding; null; void;
  
worthless. 

 number-one 
central; chief; foremost; key; leading;
  
main; major. That slow start-up is often the
  number-one reason why many financial analysts
  consider biotechnology companies to be a gamble.
  
That slow start-up is often the main reason why
  
many financial analysts consider biotechnology
  
companies to be a gamble. 

 numeral 
number. Each end of the cutting plane can
  be labeled with a letter and a numeral. 
Each end
  
of the cutting plane can be labeled with a letter
  
and a number. 

 numerical 
numeric. 

 numerous 
countless; endless; many; untold. There
  were numerous women in his life. 
There were untold
  
women in his life. ■ I have been in numerous
  gatherings at which someone excused a momentary
  lapse of memory with just such a reference to
  Alzheimer's. 
I have been in many gatherings at
  
which someone excused a momentary lapse of memory
  
with just such a reference to Alzheimer's. ■
  Unleashing market forces would bring numerous
  benefits to Brazil and other troubled debtor
  countries. 
Unleashing market forces would bring
  
countless benefits to Brazil and other troubled
  
debtor countries.

 O

 observe 
see. 

 observe to see 
check; examine; see; verify When
  the trainee is performing the task, the manager is
  on the scene, observing to see if any deviations
  from the intended processes take place. 
When the
  
trainee is performing the task, the manager is on
  
the scene, checking if any deviations from the
  
intended processes take place. 

 obtain (a; the) ... (for; of; to) delete. Using the
  first number less than 3.257 and the first number
  greater than 3.257, it is possible to obtain an
  approximation for log 3.257 by using linear
  interpolation. 
Using the first number less than
  
3.257 and the first number greater than 3.257, it
  
is possible to approximate log 3.257 by using
  
linear interpolation. 

 obviate the necessity (need) for (of; to) 
obviate
  
(-ing). In an era of extreme sensitivity to
  health-care costs, they claim their treatments can
  actually save money, in many cases obviating the
  need for expensive medical procedures. 
In an era
  
of extreme sensitivity to health-care costs, they
  
claim their treatments can actually save money, in
  
many cases obviating expensive medical procedures.
  ■ Of course, an awareness of this uncertainty
  doesn't obviate the need to make decisions based on
  your best guess about what the future holds. 
Of
  
course, an awareness of this uncertainty doesn't
  
obviate making decisions based on your best guess
  
about what the future holds. 

 occasion 
time. There are also occasions when you
  must make extensive revisions to long documents.
  
There are also times when you must make extensive
  
revisions to long documents. 

 occasionally 
at times; now and again; now and
  
then; sometimes. Getting to the actual command you
  want to execute occasionally means you must select
  a series of commands from the displayed submenus.
  
Getting to the actual command you want to execute
  
sometimes means you must select a series of
  
commands from the displayed submenus. 

 occur again 
recur. It will never occur again. 
It
  
will never recur. ■ Key elements of the measure
  include $20,000 in tax-free compensation to each of
  the 60,000 internees still living and an education
  trust fund of $1.3 million to help insure that
  similar civil-rights violations never occur again.
  
Key elements of the measure include $20,000 in
  
tax-free compensation to each of the 60,000
  
internees still living and an education trust fund
  
of $1.3 million to help insure that similar
  
civil-rights violations never recur. 

 of (a; the) ...  delete. I'd like to ask a question
  of the senator. 
I'd like to ask the senator a
  
question. ■ The article failed to mention that a
  two-year-old investigation by the VA concluded that
  any irregularities were minor and of no
  significance. 
The article failed to mention that a
  
two-year-old investigation by the VA concluded that
  
any irregularities were minor and insignificant. ■
  You would adjust columns as needed to print on
  labels of a different size. 
You would adjust
  
columns as needed to print on different-size
  
labels.

 (a; the) ... of 
-ing. For most American families,
  this means an analysis of the costs of operating
  and financing their automobiles. 
For most American
  
families, this means analyzing the costs of
  
operating and financing their automobiles. ■ Even
  more important is a knowledge of the costs of
  consumption in terms of the alternative consumption
  opportunities that are given up because of the
  particular choices made. 
Even more important is
  
knowing the costs of consumption in terms of the
  
alternative consumption opportunities that are
  
given up because of the particular choices made. 

 of all  delete. An executive information system
  must be easy to learn, easy to use, and most
  important of all, consistent with the executive's
  work style. 
An executive information system must
  
be easy to learn, easy to use, and most important,
  
consistent with the executive's work style. ■ A
  cyclical pattern is the most difficult of all to
  predict. 
A cyclical pattern is the most difficult
  
to predict. ■ First of all, he has to be Korean.
  
First, he has to be Korean.

 of between ... and 
between ... and; of ... to.
  
The benefit is phased out for investors with
  incomes of between $200,000 and $250,000. 
The
  
benefit is phased out for investors with incomes
  
between $200,000 and $250,000. 

 of (a; the) ... character  delete. A license may be
  revoked if a meter is used in operating any scheme
  or enterprise of an unlawful character, for nonuse
  during any consecutive 12 months, or for any
  failure of the licensee to comply with the
  regulations governing the use of postage meters. 
A
  
license may be revoked if a meter is used in
  
operating any scheme or unlawful enterprise, for
  
nonuse during any consecutive 12 months, or for any
  
failure of the licensee to comply with the
  
regulations governing the use of postage meters.

 of (a) different opinion 
at odds. 

 of ... dimensions (magnitude; proportions; size)
  delete. It was a success of monumental dimensions.
  
It was a monumental success. ■ Trying to balance
  family life and modern corporate life is a problem
  of increasingly large proportions. 
Trying to
  
balance family life and modern corporate life is an
  
increasingly large problem. ■ Massachusetts is now
  facing a public health crisis of serious
  proportions. 
Massachusetts is now facing a serious
  
public health crisis. ■ This is a tragedy of
  immense magnitude. 
This is an immense tragedy. 

 offer (a; the) ... (at; of; to) delete. In this
  column, we offer a brief look at five organizations
  that have found methods of reducing the burden. 
In
  
this column, we briefly look at five organizations
  
that have found methods of reducing the burden. ■
  Table 6-12 offers an evaluation of the nursing care
  of a client with cancer. 
Table 6-12 evaluates the
  
nursing care of a client with cancer. ■ This
  author offers an examination of the research
  findings on age and performance, and also supports
  those findings with his own field experience in
  companies in various parts of the country. 
This
  
author examines the research findings on age and
  
performance, and also supports those findings with
  
his own field experience in companies in various
  
parts of the country. 

 official business 
business. 

 off of 
from; off. She lived one block off of
  campus. 
She lived one block off campus. ■ They're
  making a lot of money off of cocaine trafficking.
  
They're making a lot of money from cocaine
  
trafficking. ■ The sale price of an IBM PS/2 Model
  60 is $2995, which is 25 percent off of the regular
  price. 
The sale price of an IBM PS/2 Model 60 is
  
$2995, which is 25 percent off the regular price.

 of from ... to 
from ... to; of ... to. 

 of (a; the) ... importance (that; to) 
important;
  
-(al)ly important; delete.  I believe it is of
  critical importance that I set the record straight
  to clear the names of those who have been
  compromised by this attack. 
I believe it is
  
critical that I set the record straight to clear
  
the names of those who have been compromised by
  
this attack. ■ They also stated that their
  innovation was of importance to their superiors'
  evaluation of their work. 
They also stated that
  
their innovation was important to their superiors'
  
evaluation of their work. ■ Since increased
  involvement is generally associated with increased
  management and financial costs, not all foreign
  markets are of equal importance. 
Since increased
  
involvement is generally associated with increased
  
management and financial costs, not all foreign
  
markets are equally important. ■ Information
  service issues are of vital importance to the
  telecommunications industry as well as to the
  general public. 
Information service issues are
  
vital to the telecommunications industry as well as
  
to the general public. 

 of (a; the) ... nature  delete. The collateral
  often includes such assets as unlisted shares,
  works of art, blood stock, antiques, and real
  estate of an unusual nature. 
The collateral often
  
includes such assets as unlisted shares, works of
  
art, blood stock, antiques, and unusual real
  
estate. ■ First-level management deals with
  day-to-day operations of a repetitive nature.
  
First-level management deals with repetitive
  
day-to-day operations. ■ United Kingdom
  respondents tend to be more reluctant to answer
  questions of a personal nature than U.S.
  respondents. 
United Kingdom respondents tend to be
  
more reluctant to answer personal questions than
  
U.S. respondents. ■ The new test will help tell
  how early math anxiety of a severe nature is
  appearing. 
The new test will help tell how early
  
severe math anxiety is appearing. ■ This type of
  analysis is of recent origin and is primarily of a
  conceptual rather than analytical nature. 
This
  
type of analysis is of recent origin and is
  
primarily conceptual rather than analytical.

 of (to) no avail 
unsuccessful. 

 of one form (kind; sort; type) or another 
in some
  
way; some form (kind; sort; type) of; somehow;
  
someway(s); delete.  About 15 percent of all U.S.
  and Soviet missions involving nuclear reactors have
  suffered failures of one sort or another. 
About 15
  
percent of all U.S. and Soviet missions involving
  
nuclear reactors have suffered some sort of
  
failure. ■ Too many members of Congress are
  engaging in ``sexcapades'' of one form or another.
  
Too many members of Congress are engaging in some
  
form of ``sexcapades.'' 

 of ... own accord (free will) 
gladly; readily;
  
willingly. 

 of (a; the) ... persuasion  delete. A physician of
  liberal persuasion agonized over the senator's fall
  from grace. 
A liberal physician agonized over the
  
senator's fall from grace.

 of such 
so. The personal balance sheet is of such
  simplicity that anyone who can add and subtract can
  also develop the entries. 
The personal balance
  
sheet is so simple that anyone who can add and
  
subtract can also develop the entries. 

 oftentimes (ofttimes) 
often. Oftentimes, they're
  their own worst enemies. 
Often, they're their own
  
worst enemies. ■ Oftentimes, bacteria is present
  in food when you buy it. 
Bacteria is often present
  
in food when you buy it. 

 of that (this) kind (sort; type) 
like that (this).
  
For an accident of this kind, you can't help
  blaming yourself. 
For an accident like this, you
  
can't help blaming yourself. 

 of that (this) nature 
like that (this). The
  Boston Juvenile Court deals with cases of this
  nature. 
The Boston Juvenile Court deals with cases
  
like this. ■ But something of that nature may be
  necessary as competition heats up. 
But something
  
like that may be necessary as competition heats up.

 of that (this) year 
(1992); delete. Pioneer says
  that between December 1974 and August 31 of this
  year, a bank deposit would have grown to just
  $21,760. 
Pioneer says that between December 1974
  
and August 31, 1990, a bank deposit would have
  
grown to just $21,760. ■ In July of this year, the
  three-month Treasury stood at 6.73 percent. 
In
  
July, the three-month Treasury stood at 6.73
  
percent.

 of the (them; these)  delete. Each of the binomial
  random variables tends toward 
v. 
Each binomial
  
random variable tends toward v. ■ Each of them
  looks different. 
Each looks different. ■ There
  were life insurance companies in the United States
  in the late 1700s but only a handful of them.
  
There were life insurance companies in the United
  
States in the late 1700s but only a handful. ■ One
  of the reasons I left her is she's unkind. 
One
  
reason I left her is she's unkind.

 of the first (highest) magnitude 
best; central;
  
chief; finest; first-class; foremost; great; key;
  
leading; main; major; most important; principal;
  
superior. 

 of the first (highest) order 
best; central; chief;
  
finest; first-class; foremost; great; key; leading;
  
main; major; most important; principal; superior.
  
She called it a tragedy of the first order. 
She
  
called it a major tragedy. ■ They join the
  
Letters and 
Diaries of Virginia Woolf as
  literary achievements of the highest order. 
They
  
join the Letters 
and Diaries 
of Virginia Woolf
  
as superior literary achievements. 

 of the same opinion 
at one. 

 of (a; the) ... variety  delete. The condos will be
  of the luxury variety, with a size range of 850 to
  2,500 square feet. 
The condos will be luxurious,
  
with a size range of 850 to 2,500 square feet. ■
  Snow of the heavy variety is now falling. 
Heavy
  
snow is now falling.

 (a; the) ... of which 
whose. It is one of the few
  gifts the value of which can be juggled
  successfully to get greater leverage. 
It is one of
  
the few gifts whose value can be juggled
  
successfully to get greater leverage. 

 old adage 
adage. As the old adage says,
  ``Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel.''
  
As the adage says, ``Patriotism is the last refuge
  
of a scoundrel.'' ■ British children, according to
  the old adage, are to be seen, not heard. 
British
  
children, according to the adage, are to be seen,
  
not heard. 

 old cliche 
cliche. Must you always rely on such
  old cliches? 
Must you always rely on such cliches?

 old maxim 
maxim. Your analysis of that proposal
  vividly demonstrates an old maxim: For every
  complex problem, there is an answer that is
  absolutely obvious, absolutely simple, and
  absolutely wrong. 
Your analysis of that proposal
  
vividly demonstrates a maxim: For every complex
  
problem, there is an answer that is absolutely
  
obvious, absolutely simple, and absolutely wrong.

 old proverb 
proverb. 

 old relic 
relic. 

 old saw 
saw. The essence of marginal utility
  boils down to the old saw that pearls don't cost a
  lot because men have to dive for them, but rather
  men dive for them because they command a high
  price. 
The essence of marginal utility boils down
  
to the saw that pearls don't cost a lot because men
  
have to dive for them, but rather men dive for them
  
because they command a high price. 

 old saying 
saying. The old saying ``a picture is
  worth a thousand words'' appropriately applies to
  computer graphics. 
The saying ``a picture is worth
  
a thousand words'' appropriately applies to
  
computer graphics. 

 on a (the) ... basis 
-(al)ly; delete. The
  exercises must be done for 20 to 25 minutes on a
  continuous basis. 
The exercises must be done
  
continuously for 20 to 25 minutes. ■ Every
  exchange has a clearinghouse that transfers funds
  from losers to winners on a daily basis. 
Every
  
exchange has a clearinghouse that transfers funds
  
daily from losers to winners. ■ Our sole interest
  in the report is to be sure that each application
  is evaluated on a fair basis. 
Our sole interest in
  
the report is to be sure that each application is
  
evaluated fairly. ■ Does it mean we should all
  start taking aspirin on a regular basis? 
Does it
  
mean we should all start taking aspirin regularly?
  ■ You should take the medication on an as-needed
  basis. 
You should take the medication as needed.
  ■ They are on equal footing and can get to know
  each other on a personal basis. 
They are on equal
  
footing and can get to know each other personally.
  ■ To provide this environment, all employees must
  be dealt with on an individual basis. 
To provide
  
this environment, all employees must be dealt with
  
individually. ■ We have no intention of discussing
  Bernknopf's model on a point-by-point basis. 
We
  
have no intention of discussing Bernknopf's model
  
point by point. ■ If it happens on a frequent
  basis, see a doctor. 
If it happens frequently, see
  
a doctor. ■ A lot of tax assistors are hired on a
  part-time basis. 
A lot of tax assistors are hired
  
part time.

 on account of 
after; because of; by; due to;
  
following; for; from; in; out of; owing to;
  
through; with. There are millions of women in this
  country who have been discriminated against on
  account of their sex. 
There are millions of women
  
in this country who have been discriminated against
  
because of their sex. ■ Neither party shall be
  liable for any incidental, special, or
  consequential damages on account of this Agreement.
  
Neither party shall be liable for any incidental,
  
special, or consequential damages through this
  
Agreement. 

 on account of the fact that 
because; considering;
  
for; in that; since. 

 on a couple of (a few) occasions 
a few times; once
  
or twice; twice; two or three times. On a couple
  of occasions, the entire system shut down. 
Once or
  
twice, the entire system shut down. ■ He said he
  briefed Quayle on a couple of occasions after the
  trip, during which he visited Costa Rica,
  Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Honduras. 
He said he
  
briefed Quayle twice after the trip, during which
  
he visited Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and
  
Honduras. 

 on a (the) ... note 
-(al)ly; delete. On a
  disconcerting note, 18 percent of the children
  surveyed said they had been approached to buy or
  use drugs. 
Disconcertingly, 18 percent of the
  
children surveyed said they had been approached to
  
buy or use drugs. ■ On a personal note, I am today
  announcing my resignation. 
I am today announcing
  
my resignation. ■ The market began the week on a
  cautious note. 
The market began the week
  
cautiously.

 on a number of (any number of; frequent; many;
  numerous; several) occasions  frequently; many
  times; numerous times; often; regularly;
  repeatedly; several times. 
They have done that on
  
a number of occasions. 
They have often done that.
  ■ This has happened on numerous occasions. 
This
  
has happened frequently. ■ I met her, the woman
  who stole my husband, on several occasions. 
I met
  
her, the woman who stole my husband, several
  
times. ■ Quaker Oats had to close down its rolled
  oats operations on many occasions while it sought
  relief from the prohibition. 
Quaker Oats had to
  
close down its rolled oats operations repeatedly
  
while it sought relief from the prohibition. ■ The
  ACLU has defended American Nazis on numerous
  occasions. 
The ACLU has regularly defended
  
American Nazis.

 on a (the) ... scale (scope) 
-(al)ly; delete.
  Banks like Citibank, Chase, and the big Swiss banks
  have pursued business on an international scale
  since the mid-1960s. 
Banks like Citibank, Chase,
  
and the big Swiss banks have pursued international
  
business since the mid-1960s. ■ We can do projects
  on a much larger scale today. 
We can do much
  
larger projects today. ■ The inescapable
  conclusion is that survival on the planet will
  require social planning on an increasing scale.
  
The inescapable conclusion is that survival on the
  
planet will increasingly require social planning.
  ■ American business cannot expect to compete on a
  global scale if it must act as a substitute
  educational system. 
American business cannot
  
expect to compete globally if it must act as a
  
substitute educational system.

 on a (the) ... scene 
-(al)ly; delete. On the
  national scene, here's what's happening. 
Here's
  
what's happening nationally.

 on (an; the) average 
commonly; customarily;
  
generally; normally; often; ordinarily; typically.

 on ... behalf (of) 
for. CUFT maintains the most
  active patent licensing office in the U.S.
  government and handles the patent licensing on
  behalf of many cooperating federal agencies. 
CUFT
  
maintains the most active patent licensing office
  
in the U.S. government and handles the patent
  
licensing for many cooperating federal agencies. ■
  Nobody is authorized to speak on my behalf. 
Nobody
  
is authorized to speak for me. ■ All statements
  made by the Insured or on his behalf shall, in the
  absence of fraud, be deemed representations and not
  warranties. 
All statements made by or for the
  
Insured shall, in the absence of fraud, be deemed
  
representations and not warranties. 

 once (and) for all 
conclusively; decisively;
  
finally; delete. Now, in the sexually rational
  1980s, men and women, it seems, trust only
  scientists to settle once and for all what makes
  men men and women women. 
Now, in the sexually
  
rational 1980s, men and women, it seems, trust only
  
scientists to settle decisively what makes men men
  
and women women. ■ Analysts expect their questions
  about Raytheon's nondefense subsidiaries to be
  answered once and for all when Phillips' successor
  makes known his intentions. 
Analysts expect their
  
questions about Raytheon's nondefense subsidiaries
  
to be finally answered when Phillips' successor
  
makes known his intentions.

 once in a (great) while 
at times; now and again;
  
now and then; on occasion; sometimes. 

 on certain (some) occasions 
at times; now and
  
again; now and then; occasionally; sometimes. On
  some occasions, the treatment may retard
  progression of the disease. 
Sometimes, the
  
treatment may retard progression of the disease. 

 once ... then 
once. Once this analysis is done,
  then special attention may be paid to various short
  pieces of code that consume the most time. 
Once
  
this analysis is done, special attention may be
  
paid to various short pieces of code that consume
  
the most time. ■ Once subglobal market groups have
  been delineated, the firm then develops uniform
  product programs for each market cluster it chooses
  to service. 
Once subglobal market groups have been
  
delineated, the firm develops uniform product
  
programs for each market cluster it chooses to
  
service.

 on (the) condition (of; that) 
as long as; if;
  
provided; so long as. The Baker strategy offered
  limited new funds for debt-strapped nations but
  only on the condition that the debtors pay full
  interest, at market rates, on everything they owe.
  
The Baker strategy offered limited new funds for
  
debt-strapped nations but only if the debtors pay
  
full interest, at market rates, on everything they
  
owe. ■ The Maynard computer maker will offer a
  generous financial-support package to 700 employees
  on condition that they agree to leave the company.
  
The Maynard computer maker will offer a generous
  
financial-support package to 700 employees provided
  
that they agree to leave the company. ■ ``It will
  mean renewed persecution,'' said a woman who spoke
  only on the condition that her name not be used.
  
``It will mean renewed persecution,'' said a woman
  
who spoke only so long as her name not be used. 

 on -day 
-day. All that the police know is the
  bank was robbed sometime on Monday morning. 
All
  
that the police know is the bank was robbed
  
sometime Monday morning. ■ It's usually habit that
  makes us turn on the television set, eat out on
  Wednesdays, and drive to work the same way. 
It's
  
usually habit that makes us turn on the television
  
set, eat out Wednesdays, and drive to work the same
  
way. ■ I started work on Friday, September 12. 
I
  
started work Friday, September 12. 

 on each (every) occasion 
all; always;
  
consistently; constantly; each; each time; for (in)
  
each; for (in) every; every time; invariably;
  
unfailingly; delete.   

 one and all 
all; everyone. 

 one and only 
one; only; sole. Is that the one and
  only time you have engaged in group counseling? 
Is
  
that the only time you have engaged in group
  
counseling? 

 one and the same 
identical; one; the same. Anyone
  who has visited countries of the world where the
  military and the law enforcement agencies are one
  and the same can appreciate the wisdom of
  separating these arms of the government. 
Anyone
  
who has visited countries of the world where the
  
military and the law enforcement agencies are one
  
can appreciate the wisdom of separating these arms
  
of the government. ■ We do not believe that
  computers and communications are going to converge
  and become one and the same business. 
We do not
  
believe that computers and communications are going
  
to converge and become the same business. ■
  Calculations have revealed not only that the newly
  found object and HAPAG are one and the same, but
  also that HAPAG appears on several photographic
  plates taken in the 1950s and 1980s. 
Calculations
  
have revealed not only that the newly found object
  
and HAPAG are identical, but also that HAPAG
  
appears on several photographic plates taken in the
  
1950s and 1980s. 

 on earlier (former; previous; prior) occasions
  
before; earlier; formerly; previously. I asked
  Governor Cuomo for his support, as I have on prior
  occasions. 
I asked Governor Cuomo for his support,
  
as I have before. 

 one best (most) 
best (most). Each alternative
  needs to be evaluated to determine which one best
  achieves the objective. 
Each alternative needs to
  
be evaluated to determine which best achieves the
  
objective.

 one-half (one-third) 
half (third). The data is
  derived from the first one-third of the
  observations. 
The data is derived from the first
  
third of the observations. ■ Its transmitter
  reaches only one-half of the homes in the Chicago
  area. 
Its transmitter reaches only half of the
  
homes in the Chicago area. 

 one-half (seven-eighths) of an inch 
one-half
  
(seven-eighths) inch. Alternate pages are offset
  from the left margin by an additional one-half of
  an inch. 
Alternate pages are offset from the left
  
margin by an additional one-half inch. 

 one more time 
again; once more; re-. If you
  position the highlight over the first or last
  choice on the menu and then press the arrow key one
  more time, the highlight wraps around to the other
  end of the menu. 
If you position the highlight
  
over the first or last choice on the menu and then
  
press the arrow key again, the highlight wraps
  
around to the other end of the menu. 

 one of  delete. The second issue is one of market
  entry. 
The second issue is market entry. ■ In the
  United States, such a gesture is merely one of
  politeness. 
In the United States, such a gesture
  
is merely politeness. ■ The strategy then shifts
  from one of consolidation to one of integration.
  
The strategy then shifts from consolidation to
  
integration.

 one-of-a-kind 
matchless; novel; peerless;
  
singular; special; unequaled; unique; unmatched;
  
unrivaled. ``Learn C Now'' is a one-of-a-kind
  course that's designed to make beginning
  programmers productive quickly. 
``Learn C Now'' is
  
a unique course that's designed to make beginning
  
programmers productive quickly. 

 one single 
one; (a) single. Not one single
  college president has ever attempted to lay off a
  single high-paid administrator. 
Not one college
  
president has ever attempted to lay off a single
  
high-paid administrator. 

 one (two) time(s) 
once (twice). We visited them
  two times in two days. 
We visited them twice in
  
two days. ■ Two times homeless herself, she says
  that without the state's Employment and Training
  program, she would still be on welfare. 
Twice
  
homeless herself, she says that without the state's
  
Employment and Training program, she would still be
  
on welfare. 

 (in) one way or another 
anyhow; anyway; by some
  
means; however; in any way; in some way; in
  
whatever way; somehow; somehow or another;
  
someway(s). He seemed deranged in one way or
  another. 
He seemed deranged somehow. ■ McDonald's
  has developed a senior sensitivity workshop for
  managers, and all the companies, in one way or
  another, have adopted attractive perks, with
  flexible working hours. 
McDonald's has developed a
  
senior sensitivity workshop for managers, and all
  
the companies, in some way, have adopted attractive
  
perks, with flexible working hours. 

 (in) one way or the other 
at all; either way; in
  
the least; in the slightest; delete. It didn't
  change my religious beliefs one way or the other.
  
It didn't change my religious beliefs in the
  
least. ■ The source said the firm's board of
  directors never decided one way or the other to
  accept the government's earlier demands. 
The
  
source said the firm's board of directors never
  
decided to accept the government's earlier
  
demands. ■ I knew that the absence of erotic
  material in these letters could offer no conclusive
  demonstration one way or the other. 
I knew that
  
the absence of erotic material in these letters
  
could offer no conclusive demonstration either way.

 on (the) grounds that 
because; considering; for;
  
in that; since. The decision not to cooperate with
  this manufacturer was made primarily on the grounds
  that it made little sense to McDonnell Douglas.
  
The decision not to cooperate with this
  
manufacturer was made primarily because it made
  
little sense to McDonnell Douglas. ■ Democratic
  leaders oppose the tax cut on grounds that it
  benefits mainly the rich. 
Democratic leaders
  
oppose the tax cut since it benefits mainly the
  
rich. 

 on ... grounds 
about; -(al)ly; on; delete. If
  business is not based on ethical grounds, it is of
  no benefit to society, and it will pass into
  oblivion. 
If business is not based on ethics, it
  
is of no benefit to society, and it will pass into
  
oblivion. ■ The proposed increase in rapid transit
  fares may be justified on economic grounds. 
The
  
proposed increase in rapid transit fares may be
  
economically justified. 

 on its (the) face (of it; of things) 
apparently;
  
appear (to); outwardly; seem (to); seemingly;
  
superficially. On the face of it, no term fits the
  Parisian beau monde of the late 18th century better
  than the one invented 200 years later by Tom Wolfe.
  
No term seems to fit the Parisian beau monde of
  
the late 18th century better than the one invented
  
200 years later by Tom Wolfe. 

 on its (the) face (of it; of things) ... appear
  (seem) 
appear (seem). On the face of it, this
  would appear to be a simple evaluation to make.
  
This would appear to be a simple evaluation to
  
make. ■ On its face, it seems that desegregation
  has created even more of an imbalance within the
  school system. 
It seems that desegregation has
  
created even more of an imbalance within the school
  
system. 

 on (a; the) ... level 
-(al)ly; delete. On a
  personal level, I cannot stand how he behaves.
  
Personally, I cannot stand how he behaves. ■ It
  will allow you to deal with life on a calmer level.
  
It will allow you to deal with life more calmly.
  ■ I feel it's not possible to have a relationship
  with a man on a spiritual and emotional level. 
I
  
feel it's not possible to have a spiritual and
  
emotional relationship with a man. ■ In the past
  year, the media has gotten to know her, at least on
  a superficial level. 
In the past year, the media
  
has gotten to know her, at least superficially. ■
  It has only been 15 years that women have been
  participating in business on a serious level. 
It
  
has only been 15 years that women have been
  
seriously participating in business. ■ On a less
  obvious level, they will be able to support very
  sophisticated layout and composition functions.
  
Less obviously, they will be able to support very
  
sophisticated layout and composition functions. 

 on more than one occasion 
a few times; frequently;
  
many times; more than once; often; several times.
  
I've been asked that question on more than one
  occasion. 
I've been asked that question more than
  
once. ■ This was a source of irritation to them on
  more than one occasion during the next few weeks.
  
This was a source of irritation to them several
  
times during the next few weeks. ■ On more than
  one occasion, they would not take the one credit
  card that I had. 
They often would not take the one
  
credit card that I had. ■ I have told you that on
  more than one occasion. 
I have told you that
  
frequently.

 on no consideration 
never; not ever; not once. 

 on no occasion 
never; not ever; not once. 

 on (the) one hand ... on the other (hand)  delete.
  Another way of looking at the basic strategic
  tradeoffs that Bell Operating Companies are facing
  is to look at the relationship between their
  competitiveness on one hand and the need to avoid
  conflict with various players on the other.
  
Another way of looking at the basic strategic
  
tradeoffs that Bell Operating Companies are facing
  
is to look at the relationship between their
  
competitiveness and the need to avoid conflict with
  
various players.

 on one (two; three) occasion(s) 
a few times; once;
  
once or twice; one time; several times; three
  
times; twice; two times. On only one occasion in
  the three years of our negotiations were the Angels
  and Dick unable to come to a satisfactory
  agreement. 
Only once in the three years of our
  
negotiations were the Angels and Dick unable to
  
come to a satisfactory agreement. ■ Sources
  familiar with the inquiry inside the Justice
  Department said Meese was interviewed by FBI agents
  on two occasions in April. 
Sources familiar with
  
the inquiry inside the Justice Department said
  
Meese was twice interviewed by FBI agents in April.

 on ... part 
among; by; for; from; of; -'s;
  
delete. To beat the Soviets will take a great
  effort on our part. 
To beat the Soviets will take
  
a great effort by us. ■ I think it's foolhardy on
  your part. 
I think it's foolhardy of you. ■ The
  shorter work hours logged by women had more to do
  with their heavy concentration in retail trade and
  service-oriented industries than a reluctance on
  their part to work longer hours. 
The shorter work
  
hours logged by women had more to do with their
  
heavy concentration in retail trade and
  
service-oriented industries than their reluctance
  
to work longer hours. ■ It was the first time I
  felt a real commitment on his part. 
It was the
  
first time I felt a real commitment from him. ■
  They think it's a weakness on their part. 
They
  
think it's their weakness. ■ It was a voluntary
  decision on Steve's part; he resigned to pursue
  other interests. 
It was a voluntary decision of
  
Steve's; he resigned to pursue other interests. 

 on ... terms  delete. We are no longer on speaking
  terms with each other. 
We are no longer speaking
  
with each other. ■ We are on cordial terms now.
  
We are cordial now.

 on that (this) (particular) occasion 
at present;
  
at that (this) time; currently; (just; right) now;
  
presently; then; today; (just) yet; delete. 

 on the basis of 
after; based on; because of; by;
  
for; from; in; on; through; with; delete. The
  Money Study segmented the U.S. adult population
  into five groups on the basis of financial
  attitudes. 
The Money Study segmented, by financial
  
attitudes, the U.S. adult population into five
  
groups. ■ What one would predict on the basis of
  these monkey studies is that if the drug is well
  tolerated in humans, there is every reason to hope
  that patients should live significantly longer and
  feel significantly better. 
What one would predict
  
from these monkey studies is that if the drug is
  
well tolerated in humans, there is every reason to
  
hope that patients should live significantly longer
  
and feel significantly better. ■ Employees do not
  act on the basis of what management thinks, or what
  management thinks they think; they act on their own
  opinions. 
Employees do not act on what management
  
thinks, or what management thinks they think; they
  
act on their own opinions. ■ Its managers should
  be selected on the basis of their ability to
  further the company's goals and maximize its
  earnings. 
Its managers should be selected for
  
their ability to further the company's goals and
  
maximize its earnings.

 on the basis of the fact that 
because;
  
considering; for; in that; since. 

 on the bottom of 
below; beneath; under;
  
underneath. 

 on the contrary 
but; conversely; however; instead;
  
not so; rather; still; whereas; yet. 

 on the decline 
abating; declining; decreasing;
  
waning. 

 on the decrease 
abating; declining; decreasing;
  
waning. 

 on the increase 
booming; flourishing; growing;
  
increasing; rising. The Department of Revenue
  recently released a report on the state's economic
  indicators that showed personal savings are on the
  increase. 
The Department of Revenue recently
  
released a report on the state's economic
  
indicators that showed personal savings are
  
increasing. 

 on the inside of 
inside. An undercut could also
  be a recessed neck on the inside of a cylindrical
  hole. 
An undercut could also be a recessed neck
  
inside a cylindrical hole. 

 on (upon) the heels of 
(just; right) after;
  
(close) behind; ensuing; following; succeeding. On
  the heels of an FBI investigation, a federal grand
  jury has indicted five people on charges they
  defrauded ComFed Savings Bank. 
Following an FBI
  
investigation, a federal grand jury has indicted
  
five people on charges they defrauded ComFed
  
Savings Bank. 

 on the occasion of 
if (there were); if ... should;
  
should (there); were (there; to); when; delete. On
  the occasion of a positive test result, a second
  test would be conducted to verify the results of
  the first. 
Were there a positive test result, a
  
second test would be conducted to verify the
  
results of the first. ■ The machinists' union has
  agreements that members of other unions will not do
  their work on the occasion of a strike. 
The
  
machinists' union has agreements that members of
  
other unions will not do their work if there were a
  
strike. 

 (something; somewhere) on the order (of) 
about;
  
around; close to; more or less; near; nearly; or
  
so; roughly; some; delete. The company is probably
  worth something on the order of $30 or $35 a share.
  
The company is probably worth close to $30 or $35
  
a share. ■ Type I are diaphanous sheets containing
  small particles with a diameter on the order of 1
  micron, or one-millionth of a meter. 
Type I are
  
diaphanous sheets containing small particles with a
  
diameter around 1 micron, or one-millionth of a
  
meter. ■ The fare increases are on the order of 3
  or 4 percent. 
The fare increases are about 3 or 4
  
percent. ■ Typically, the ratio of injury to
  mortality is something on the order of three or
  four to one. 
Typically, the ratio of injury to
  
mortality is some three or four to one. ■ I
  counted something on the order of 50 interruptions
  for applause. 
I counted 50 or so interruptions for
  
applause. 

 on the other hand 
but; by (in) contrast;
  
conversely; however; whereas; yet. A parallel
  device, on the other hand, sends or receives
  information in packets all at once over many data
  lines. 
A parallel device, in contrast, sends or
  
receives information in packets all at once over
  
many data lines. ■ Throughout most of Western
  Europe, Brazil, and the United States, a raised
  thumb is used as a signal of approval; in Greece,
  on the other hand, this hand sign is a gross
  insult. 
Throughout most of Western Europe, Brazil,
  
and the United States, a raised thumb is used as a
  
signal of approval, but in Greece, this hand sign
  
is a gross insult. 

 on the outside of 
outside. The fan blades are on
  the outside of the engine like a propeller, and all
  the air that passes inside the engine goes through
  the combustion chamber as in the earliest jets.
  
The fan blades are outside the engine like a
  
propeller, and all the air that passes inside the
  
engine goes through the combustion chamber as in
  
the earliest jets. 

 on the part of 
among; by; for; from; of; -'s;
  
delete. Though deliberate discrimination on the
  part of the Japanese is often charged, it isn't
  necessary to prove a discriminatory intent. 
Though
  
deliberate discrimination by the Japanese is often
  
charged, it isn't necessary to prove a
  
discriminatory intent. ■ It was an inspiration on
  the part of the producers. 
It was an inspiration
  
of the producers. ■ A willingness on the part of
  foreigners to increase long- and short-term U.S.
  investment holdings and to lower U.S. overseas
  investment have financed the current account
  deficit. 
A willingness among foreigners to
  
increase long- and short-term U.S. investment
  
holdings and to lower U.S. overseas investment have
  
financed the current account deficit. ■ There's a
  reluctance on the part of the passengers to move.
  
The passengers are reluctant to move. ■ Careful
  attention will be paid to long-term global trends,
  balanced by constant reminders on the part of
  senior management that trees do not grow to the
  sky. 
Careful attention will be paid to long-term
  
global trends, balanced by senior management's
  
constant reminders that trees do not grow to the
  
sky. ■ The effective teaching of language arts
  requires a commitment to excellence on the part of
  the classroom teacher. 
The effective teaching of
  
language arts requires a commitment to excellence
  
from the classroom teacher. ■ His apt observations
  point out the need for greater awareness on the
  part of the public of the architecture that
  surrounds them. 
His apt observations point out the
  
need for greater public awareness of the
  
architecture that surrounds them. 

 on the rise 
booming; flourishing; growing;
  
increasing; rising. 

 on the side of 
for; with. The second factor
  working on the side of savings is the president and
  his wife. 
The second factor working for savings is
  
the president and his wife. 

 on the ... side 
among; in; -(al)ly; delete. I
  think it's going to be a four-way tie on the
  Democratic side. 
I think it's going to be a
  
four-way tie among the Democrats. ■ On the
  Republican side, 15 percent of the voters remain
  undecided. 
Fifteen percent of the Republican
  
voters remain undecided. ■ How would you assess
  the progress that she has made on the artistic
  side? 
How would you assess the artistic progress
  
that she has made? ■ On the offensive side, the
  Army is preparing to spend $286.5 million in fiscal
  1990 to destroy aging stocks of chemical weapons
  stored at eight different locations. 
Offensively,
  
the Army is preparing to spend $286.5 million in
  
fiscal 1990 to destroy aging stocks of chemical
  
weapons stored at eight different locations. ■
  There will be some job losses on the manufacturing
  side, but some employees will be transferred.
  
There will be some job losses in manufacturing,
  
but some employees will be transferred. 

 on the surface (of it; of things) 
apparently;
  
appear (to); outwardly; seem (to); seemingly;
  
superficially. 

 on the surface (of it; of things) ... appear (seem)
  
appear (seem). On the surface, a firm may appear
  to be sound─its balance sheet contains an
  impressive amount of current assets. 
A firm may
  
appear to be sound─its balance sheet contains an
  
impressive amount of current assets. ■ On the
  surface, Angell Memorial Animal Hospital's recent
  blood drive for animals seems admirable, but let's
  look at a few facts. 
Angell Memorial Animal
  
Hospital's recent blood drive for animals seems
  
admirable, but let's look at a few facts. 

 on the surface of 
on. 

 on the threshold of 
about to; approaching; close
  
to; near; nearly; verging on. After decades of
  painstaking and expensive work, several groups are
  on the threshold of achieving the necessary
  conditions for ``breakeven''─a reaction that yields
  as much energy as it uses. 
After decades of
  
painstaking and expensive work, several groups are
  
about to achieve the necessary conditions for
  
``breakeven''─a reaction that yields as much energy
  
as it uses. ■ We are on the threshold of real
  educational quality and achievement. 
We are
  
verging on real educational quality and
  
achievement. 

 on the verge of 
about to; approaching; close to;
  
near; nearly; verging on. The United States is on
  the verge of a diplomatic triumph after brokering a
  withdrawal of foreign troops from Angola. 
The
  
United States is near a diplomatic triumph after
  
brokering a withdrawal of foreign troops from
  
Angola. ■ Is he or is he not on the verge of
  producing chemical weapons? 
Is he or is he not
  
about to produce chemical weapons? ■ I look for
  undervalued securities as well as industries that
  are depressed and that I have some reason to
  believe are on the verge of recovery. 
I look for
  
undervalued securities as well as industries that
  
are depressed and that I have some reason to
  
believe are close to recovery. ■ The General
  Accounting Office criticized the Fish and Wildlife
  Service's practice of concentrating on high-profile
  species, such as the bald eagle, over those on the
  verge of extinction. 
The General Accounting Office
  
criticized the Fish and Wildlife Service's practice
  
of concentrating on high-profile species, such as
  
the bald eagle, over those verging on extinction.

 on the whole 
all told; in all; overall. 

 on (upon) the whole 
almost all; chiefly; commonly;
  
generally; greatly; in general; largely; mainly;
  
most; mostly; most often; much; nearly all;
  
normally; overall; typically; usually. On the
  whole, Boston's nurses were more likely to describe
  themselves as satisfied with their earnings than
  their counterparts in other cities. 
Overall,
  
Boston's nurses were more likely to describe
  
themselves as satisfied with their earnings than
  
their counterparts in other cities. 

 on top of (that; this) 
also; and; as well;
  
besides; beyond that (this); even; further;
  
furthermore; moreover; more than that (this); still
  
more; then; too; what is more. On top of that,
  interest rates went up to 18 percent or more.
  
What's more, interest rates went up to 18 percent
  
or more. ■ On top of the low prices, Sears is
  making a lowest-price pledge for the first time.
  
Besides the low prices, Sears is making a
  
lowest-price pledge for the first time. 

 on (the) understanding (of; that) 
as long as; if;
  
provided; so long as. 

 open to doubt 
arguable; debatable; disputable;
  
doubtful; dubious; in doubt; in question; moot;
  
questionable. 

 open to question 
arguable; debatable; disputable;
  
doubtful; dubious; in doubt; in question; moot;
  
questionable. His clout on Capitol Hill remains
  open to question. 
His clout on Capitol Hill
  
remains in doubt. 

 open up 
open. When you use the Note command, a
  window opens up. 
When you use the Note command, a
  
window opens. 

 (a; the) ... operation  delete. With the
  measurement of quality and quantity, process
  control is a fairly automatic operation. 
With the
  
measurement of quality and quantity, process
  
control is fairly automatic. ■ The opportunities
  for price discrimination are likely to be greatest
  for intangible products that do not lend themselves
  to arbitrage operations. 
The opportunities for
  
price discrimination are likely to be greatest for
  
intangible products that do not lend themselves to
  
arbitrage.

 operational 
active; live; running; working. 

 operative 
active; at work; effective; in action;
  
in effect; in force; in play; working. 

 optimal (optimum) 
best. As organizations begin to
  move their R&D back and forth to various countries,
  it will be the responsibility of the company's tax
  advisors to provide counseling on the optimal tax
  structure for a variety of arrangements. 
As
  
organizations begin to move their R&D back and
  
forth to various countries, it will be the
  
responsibility of the company's tax advisors to
  
provide counseling on the best tax structure for a
  
variety of arrangements. 

 or anything  delete.

 or else 
or. Two pathnames must be specified, or
  else the first letter parameter will be incorrectly
  interpreted as a pathname. 
Two pathnames must be
  
specified, or the first letter parameter will be
  
incorrectly interpreted as a pathname. 

 orientate 
orient. 

 ... oriented  delete. Some depressed people become
  more activity oriented. 
Some depressed people
  
become more active.

 original coiner (originally coined) 
coiner
  
(coined). Usually the identity of the original
  coiner of a new word is lost in the mists of
  history. 
Usually the identity of the coiner of a
  
new word is lost in the mists of history. ■ The
  term 
brainstorming was originally coined by
  advertising genius Alex F. Osborne in the late
  1930s. 
The term brainstorming 
was coined by
  
advertising genius Alex F. Osborne in the late
  
1930s. 

 original creator (originally created) 
creator
  
(created). An impressive number of neologisms can
  be traced to their original creators. 
An
  
impressive number of neologisms can be traced to
  
their creators. 

 original founder (originally founded) 
founder
  
(founded). 

 original inventor (originally invented) 
inventor
  
(invented). The courts determined the patents were
  invalid on the grounds that Atanasoff was the
  original inventor. 
The courts determined the
  
patents were invalid on the grounds that Atanasoff
  
was the inventor. 

 original source 
source. 

 originate 
arise; begin; start. 

 originate from 
come from; date from. 

 or something  delete.

 or thereabouts 
or so.

 or whatever  delete.

 other people (persons) 
others. Elizabeth Taylor,
  among other people, has written about this topic.
  
Elizabeth Taylor, among others, has written about
  
this topic. 

 other similar 
similar. In addition, the order
  permits the companies to provide electronic mail,
  voice messaging, and other similar services. 
In
  
addition, the order permits the companies to
  
provide electronic mail, voice messaging, and
  
similar services. 

 other than 
besides. 

 other than ... also (as well) 
besides; beyond;
  
other than. 

 other than to 
but to. 

 otherwise 
not; other. In many competitions,
  athletic and otherwise, the Finns and Swedes excel.
  
In many competitions, athletic and other, the
  
Finns and Swedes excel. ■ The perception would be
  strong that a Massachusetts-based law firm could
  get things done faster and more efficiently with an
  administration with which it had a relationship,
  presumed or otherwise. 
The perception would be
  
strong that a Massachusetts-based law firm could
  
get things done faster and more efficiently with an
  
administration with which it had a relationship,
  
presumed or not. 

 out in 
in. I have several relatives out in the
  Springfield area. 
I have several relatives in the
  
Springfield area. 

 out loud 
aloud. 

 out of 
of. He's only one out of many who are
  being considered for the position. 
He's only one
  
of many who are being considered for the position.
  ■ Three out of every four parents never visit their
  child's school. 
Three of every four parents never
  
visit their child's school. 

 out of control 
unruly; wild. 

 (just) out of curiosity  delete. Just out of
  curiosity, is Alexander Haig on the Minnesota
  ballot? 
Is Alexander Haig on the Minnesota
  
ballot?

 out of favor 
deprecated; disapproved; disfavored;
  
disliked; disparaged. But he goes on to say, the
  time to buy them is when they are out of favor.
  
But he goes on to say, the time to buy them is
  
when they are disfavored. 

 out of fear (of; that) ... can (could; may; might;
  shall; should; will; would) 
lest. No one would
  be so foolish as to sell one's house out of fear
  that it might someday burn to the ground. 
No one
  
would be so foolish as to sell one's house lest it
  
someday burn to the ground. ■ The seven Baby Bells
  have been barred from generating information
  services, including cable TV programming, out of
  fear they could use their vast financial resources
  to compete unfairly. 
The seven Baby Bells have
  
been barred from generating information services,
  
including cable TV programming, lest they use their
  
vast financial resources to compete unfairly. 

 out of focus 
blurred; indistinct. 

 out of the ordinary 
curious; different;
  
exceptional; extraordinary; irregular; novel; odd;
  
rare; singular; strange; uncommon; unusual. Will
  you give me a call if anything out of the ordinary
  happens? 
Will you give me a call if anything
  
curious happens? ■ Where necessary, brief but not
  cryptic explanations are provided of any
  information that might seem to be out of the
  ordinary. 
Where necessary, brief but not cryptic
  
explanations are provided of any information that
  
might seem to be uncommon. 

 out of the question 
impossible; inconceivable;
  
undoable; unthinkable. Returning to college was
  out of the question, so with nothing to do, she
  signed up for oil painting lessons. 
Returning to
  
college was unthinkable, so with nothing to do, she
  
signed up for oil painting lessons. 

 out of the realm of possibility 
impossible;
  
inconceivable; undoable; unthinkable. It is not
  out of the realm of possibility that Exxon could be
  facing a billion dollars or more in punitive
  damages. 
It is not impossible that Exxon could be
  
facing a billion dollars or more in punitive
  
damages. 

 outside of 
outside. My daughters don't know many
  families where the mother doesn't work outside of
  the home. 
My daughters don't know many families
  
where the mother doesn't work outside the home. ■
  Chase Manhattan and Bank of America are following a
  similar strategy, with less emphasis on domestic
  markets outside of the United States. 
Chase
  
Manhattan and Bank of America are following a
  
similar strategy, with less emphasis on domestic
  
markets outside the United States. 

 over again 
again; afresh; anew; once more; re-. I
  think his idea is a nutty one; however, if he or
  Uncle Sam would like to write me a check for the
  amount of money my company and I put in over the
  last 21 years, I will think it over again. 
I think
  
his idea is a nutty one; however, if he or Uncle
  
Sam would like to write me a check for the amount
  
of money my company and I put in over the last 21
  
years, I will rethink it. 

 overall look (view) 
overview. The introduction
  gives the readers an overall view of your business
  and what you want to achieve. 
The introduction
  
gives the readers an overview of your business and
  
what you want to achieve.

 over and above 
besides; beyond; more than; over.
  
Anesthesia doesn't add to the risk over and above
  that of the surgery itself and the extent of the
  medical problem the patient already has.
  
Anesthesia doesn't add to the risk more than that
  
of the surgery itself and the extent of the medical
  
problem the patient already has. 

 over and done with 
complete; done; ended;
  
finished; over; past. I just want this to be over
  and done with. 
I just want this to be over. 

 over and over (again) 
frequently; often;
  
recurrently; regularly; repeatedly. Professor
  Sommers refers over and over to a ``bag of
  virtues.'' 
Professor Sommers refers often to a
  
``bag of virtues.'' ■ This saves you time when you
  use the same commands over and over again. 
This
  
saves you time when you use the same commands
  
repeatedly. 

 overly 
over-. We thought he was overly
  enthusiastic about winning. 
We thought he was
  
overenthusiastic about winning. ■ Men say women
  are overly emotional. 
Men say women are
  
overemotional. ■ Employers are not overly
  discriminating, but they are trying to minimize
  their risk. 
Employers are not overdiscriminating,
  
but they are trying to minimize their risk. ■
  Rather than taxing what some overly moralistic
  legislator feels may be ``sinful,'' how about
  concentrating on those areas that have caused our
  debt problem? 
Rather than taxing what some
  
overmoralistic legislator feels may be ``sinful,''
  
how about concentrating on those areas that have
  
caused our debt problem? 

 over the course (duration; length) of 
during; for;
  
in; over; throughout; when; while; with. Over the
  course of a single day, he transformed his
  appearance from a gum-chewing convict to a
  respectable citizen. 
In a single day, he
  
transformed his appearance from a gum-chewing
  
convict to a respectable citizen. ■ Tropical
  downpours are what we have to look forward to over
  the course of the next couple of days. 
Tropical
  
downpours are what we have to look forward to over
  
the next couple of days. ■ Over the duration of
  the project, we expect there will be some
  disruption due to noise, dirt, and dust. 
During
  
the project, we expect there will be some
  
disruption due to noise, dirt, and dust. 

 over the fact that 
because; for; in that; since;
  
that; delete. I am concerned over the fact that
  they made us work so hard. 
I am concerned that
  
they made us work so hard. ■ He is angry over the
  fact that Mr. Kennedy did not immediately call the
  police. 
He is angry because Mr. Kennedy did not
  
immediately call the police. 

 over the long haul 
at length; eventually; in the
  
end; in time; later; long-term; one day; over the
  
months (years); over time; someday; sometime;
  
ultimately; with time; yet. These companies suffer
  the historically high price exacted for the thrill
  of this breeze─the death of their full-price,
  full-margin business over the long haul. 
These
  
companies suffer the historically high price
  
exacted for the thrill of this breeze─the death of
  
their full-price, full-margin business over time.
  ■ Over the long haul, I still believe that housing
  is a good investment. 
I still believe that housing
  
is a good long-term investment. 

 over the short haul 
at first; at present; before
  
long; currently; directly; for now; in (over) a
  
month (week); initially; next month (year); (just;
  
right) now; presently; quickly; shortly;
  
short-term; soon; straightaway; this month (year);
  
tomorrow; delete. We approached it not as a
  revenue-raising proposal but as an environmental
  proposal, and over the short haul, it would raise
  substantial amounts of revenue. 
We approached it
  
not as a revenue-raising proposal but as an
  
environmental proposal, and before long, it would
  
raise substantial amounts of revenue. ■ Industry
  analysts say they expect the new rules to have
  little impact, at least over the short haul.
  
Industry analysts say they expect the new rules to
  
have little impact, at least initially. 

 (a; the) overwhelming (vast) consensus (of opinion)
  
consensus. 

 (a; the) overwhelming (vast) preponderance (of) 
a
  
good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many (of);
  
almost all (of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many (of);
  
most (of); much (of); nearly all (of); (43) of
  
(48); ... percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds)
  
(of); delete. The overwhelming preponderance of
  opinion favors the conclusion that 
P is a proper
  
subset of 
NP. 
Opinion favors the conclusion that
  
P
 is a proper subset of NP. ■ A recent poll
  showed that a vast preponderance of city councilors
  oppose the relocation. 
A recent poll showed that
  
almost all city councilors oppose the relocation.

 over with 
complete; done; ended; finished; over;
  
past. 

 owing to the fact that 
because; considering; for;
  
in that; since. However, owing to the fact that
  NRDC is a well-thought-of organization, capable of
  good quality research, we're clearly going to go
  through their report carefully. 
However, since
  
NRDC is a well-thought-of organization, capable of
  
good quality research, we're clearly going to go
  
through their report carefully.

 P

 pack together 
pack. Stars in a globular cluster
  are packed so tightly together that ordinary
  optical telescopes have trouble resolving
  individual stars. 
Stars in a globular cluster are
  
packed so tightly that ordinary optical telescopes
  
have trouble resolving individual stars. ■ Recent
  advances have made it possible to pack thousands,
  even millions, of transistors together on a single
  silicon chip. 
Recent advances have made it
  
possible to pack thousands, even millions, of
  
transistors on a single silicon chip. 

 pair of twins 
twins. 

 parameter 
boundary; limit. 

 par for the course 
normal; typical; usual. 

 part and parcel 
part. This generalized tendency
  to place conflicts in the outside world is part and
  parcel of a well-known mechanism of the mind called
  projection. 
This generalized tendency to place
  
conflicts in the outside world is part of a
  
well-known mechanism of the mind called projection.

 partially 
partly. My difficulty with her is
  partially due to a clash of personalities. 
My
  
difficulty with her is partly due to a clash of
  
personalities. ■ Housing sales are, at least
  partially, caused by interest rates. 
Housing sales
  
are, at least partly, caused by interest rates. 

 particular delete. We would hope that you have
  already found a new church home that you can serve
  and that can meet your needs at this particular
  time in your life. 
We would hope that you have
  
already found a new church home that you can serve
  
and that can meet your needs at this time in your
  
life. ■ The failure by upper management to
  recognize this particular aspect of computer
  security as significant will continue to result in
  flawed security policy. 
The failure by upper
  
management to recognize this aspect of computer
  
security as significant will continue to result in
  
flawed security policy.

 pass away (on) 
die. 

 passing craze (fad; fancy) 
 craze (fad; fancy). 

 passing phase 
 phase. 

 pass judgment (sentence) on (upon) 
judge
  
(sentence). Passing judgment on one's potential
  earnings is even more painful than passing judgment
  on a former colleague. 
Judging one's potential
  
earnings is even more painful than judging a former
  
colleague. 

 past (previous; prior) accomplishment
  
accomplishment. It is startling that he supposes
  some imagined past accomplishment of his should
  exempt him from paying rent. 
It is startling that
  
he supposes some imagined accomplishment of his
  
should exempt him from paying rent. 

 past (previous; prior) achievement 
achievement. 

 past (previous; prior) experience 
experience. A
  shortage of workers for jobs requiring little skill
  is forcing some employers to hire people without
  considering their references, previous experience,
  or education. 
A shortage of workers for jobs
  
requiring little skill is forcing some employers to
  
hire people without considering their references,
  
experience, or education. ■ This may not be
  reasonable in light of our past experiences with
  competitors. 
This may not be reasonable in light
  
of our experiences with competitors. ■ In
  describing Hispanics as ``foreign consumers,'' I
  refer to the fact that knowledge and usage of some
  brands by foreign-born Hispanics is influenced by
  their prior experiences as consumers in Latin
  America. 
In describing Hispanics as ``foreign
  
consumers,'' I refer to the fact that knowledge and
  
usage of some brands by foreign-born Hispanics is
  
influenced by their experiences as consumers in
  
Latin America. 

 past (previous; prior) history 
history. Even
  though forecasts deal with the future, past history
  is not irrelevant. 
Even though forecasts deal with
  
the future, history is not irrelevant. ■
  Manufacturers aware of operators with a previous
  history of producing rejected units, may want to
  inspect the output of certain machines or people
  closely. 
Manufacturers aware of operators with a
  
history of producing rejected units, may want to
  
inspect the output of certain machines or people
  
closely. 

 past (previous; prior) performance 
performance.
  
Normally, one judges the ability to succeed based
  on past performance. 
Normally, one judges the
  
ability to succeed based on performance. 

 past (previous; prior) practice 
practice. But in
  keeping with past practice for such flights, the
  Pentagon is expected to announce a three-hour
  launch-window early this week. 
But in keeping with
  
practice for such flights, the Pentagon is expected
  
to announce a three-hour launch-window early this
  
week. 

 past (previous; prior) precedent 
precedent. Based
  on past precedent, Mr. Indelicato would likely
  serve 12 to 18 months in prison. 
Based on
  
precedent, Mr. Indelicato would likely serve 12 to
  
18 months in prison. 

 past (previous; prior) record 
record. I think the
  endorsement of Willie Horton says more about the
  merits of the governor's past record and his
  campaign promises. 
I think the endorsement of
  
Willie Horton says more about the merits of the
  
governor's record and his campaign promises. ■
  Both the summer's drought and the fire's extent
  surpassed all previous records in the park. 
Both
  
the summer's drought and the fire's extent
  
surpassed all records in the park. ■ Because of
  the region's prior record and the limited length of
  nearby faults, the December 7 jolt was probably the
  largest earthquake this area could produce.
  
Because of the region's record and the limited
  
length of nearby faults, the December 7 jolt was
  
probably the largest earthquake this area could
  
produce. 

 patchwork quilt 
patchquilt; patchwork. The
  question then becomes how to organize this
  patchwork quilt of topics. 
The question then
  
becomes how to organize this patchwork of topics.

 patently evident (obvious; plain) 
evident
  
(obvious; plain); patent. It would have been
  patently obvious that their cost of money could
  change. 
It would have been patent that their cost
  
of money could change. 

 pathetical 
pathetic. 

 pathological 
pathologic. Even though this
  response is accompanied by redness, warmth, and
  pain, it is not naturally a pathological process.
  
Even though this response is accompanied by
  
redness, warmth, and pain, it is not naturally a
  
pathologic process. 

 pay attention to 
attend to; consider; hearken to;
  
heed; listen to; mind; note; notice; observe;
  
regard; see; tend to; watch; witness. The
  Amishman's fields flourish because he pays close
  attention to them, because he is sensitive to the
  earth, because he lets it guide him. 
The
  
Amishman's fields flourish because he attends to
  
them closely, because he is sensitive to the earth,
  
because he lets it guide him. ■ We need to pay
  attention to the image we're projecting. 
We need
  
to consider the image we're projecting. ■ He
  focused resources toward building some of the other
  businesses, many of which worked out well, but he
  neglected to pay attention to the core business.
  
He focused resources toward building some of the
  
other businesses, many of which worked out well,
  
but he neglected to mind the core business. ■
  Business needs to pay attention to housing not out
  of a sense of do-goodism or civic pride but out of
  concern for their own bottom line. 
Business needs
  
to tend to housing not out of a sense of do-goodism
  
or civic pride but out of concern for their own
  
bottom line. 

 pay heed to 
attend to; consider; hearken to; heed;
  
listen to; mind; note; notice; observe; regard;
  
see; tend to; watch; witness. I suggest you pay
  heed to what she says. 
I suggest you note what she
  
says. ■ Many Americans have paid heed to the
  results of research and changed their ways of
  living remarkably. 
Many Americans have heeded the
  
results of research and changed their ways of
  
living remarkably. 

 peace and quiet 
peace; quiet. South Korea's four
  major parties declared a one-month political truce
  yesterday to assure peace and quiet during this
  month's Summer Olympics. 
South Korea's four major
  
parties declared a one-month political truce
  
yesterday to assure peace during this month's
  
Summer Olympics. ■ It is annoying not to have
  peace and quiet in one's own home. 
It is annoying
  
not to have quiet in one's own home. 

 penetrate into 
penetrate. 

 per 
a. According to this study, the average
  executive spends 11 weeks per year reading memos.
  
According to this study, the average executive
  
spends 11 weeks a year reading memos.

 percentage point (unit) 
percent; point (unit).
  
The notes, sold in denominations of $1,000, were
  priced to yield 8.826 percent, or a slim
  38-hundredths of a percentage point more than
  Treasury securities with a similar maturity. 
The
  
notes, sold in denominations of $1,000, were priced
  
to yield 8.826 percent, or a slim 38-hundredths of
  
a percent more than Treasury securities with a
  
similar maturity. ■ The Labor Department reported
  that the September unemployment rate fell 0.2
  percentage points, to 5.4 percent. 
The Labor
  
Department reported that the September unemployment
  
rate fell 0.2 points, to 5.4 percent.

 perfect (perfectly) match 
duplicate; exact;
  
identical; match; (the) same. Spreadsheets and
  television may seem unlikely partners, but if
  what's going on at the Tulsa, Oklahoma, offices of
  United Video is anything to go by, they are a
  perfect match. 
Spreadsheets and television may
  
seem unlikely partners, but if what's going on at
  
the Tulsa, Oklahoma, offices of United Video is
  
anything to go by, they are a match.

 perform 
do; delete. He performed an extensive
  analysis of the financing patterns of U.S.
  corporations. 
He extensively analyzed the
  
financing patterns of U.S. corporations. ■ He
  described a study performed at the University of
  British Columbia that showed a combination of
  graphs and tables outperformed either of them
  alone. 
He described a study done at the University
  
of British Columbia that showed a combination of
  
graphs and tables outperformed either of them
  
alone. 

 perhaps may (might) 
may (might). 

 periodical 
periodic. 

 (a; the) period (time) of  delete. Crop plants
  especially might be better equipped in a carbon
  dioxide-rich environment to compete with weeds for
  growing space, ward off destructive insects, and
  survive periods of drought. 
Crop plants especially
  
might be better equipped in a carbon dioxide-rich
  
environment to compete with weeds for growing
  
space, ward off destructive insects, and survive
  
droughts. ■ After the shock comes a period of
  doubt and resignation. 
After the shock comes doubt
  
and resignation.

 permit ... to 
let. 

 (a; the) ... person  delete. If you believe your
  husband is a competent person, you don't mind his
  doing it. 
If you believe your husband is
  
competent, you don't mind his doing it. ■ You do
  not need to be a gourmet cook or model housecleaner
  to be a worthwhile person. 
You do not need to be a
  
gourmet cook or model housecleaner to be
  
worthwhile.

 personal belief (opinion; point of view; view;
  viewpoint) 
belief (opinion; point of view; view;
  
viewpoint). My personal opinion is that he should
  be publicly scolded for his actions. 
My opinion is
  
that he should be publicly scolded for his actions.

 personal bias 
bias. Some experts do inject
  personal bias into the process. 
Some experts do
  
inject bias into the process. ■ A person who has a
  personally biased interpretation of reality is
  guilty of selective perception. 
A person who has a
  
biased interpretation of reality is guilty of
  
selective perception. 

 personal charm 
charm. 

 personal feeling 
feeling. What are your personal
  feelings about this? 
What are your feelings about
  
this? 

 personal friend (friendship) 
friend (friendship).
  
She is a personal friend of mine. 
She is a friend
  
of mine. 

 personal rapport 
rapport. Account managers are
  advised to develop a personal rapport with their
  clients. 
Account managers are advised to develop a
  
rapport with their clients. 

 pertain (pertaining) to 
about; as for; as to;
  
concerning; for; in; of; on; over; regarding; to;
  
toward; with. An assets management system can
  answer these what-if budget questions pertaining to
  equipment. 
An assets management system can answer
  
these what-if budget questions about equipment. ■
  For information pertaining to this policy, the
  Insured or, in event of his death, the beneficiary,
  should communicate with one of the following
  places. 
For information concerning this policy,
  
the Insured or, in event of his death, the
  
beneficiary, should communicate with one of the
  
following places. 

 pharmacological 
pharmacologic. 

 phone up 
phone. 

 physiological 
physiologic. It is believed that
  anxiety is expressed through physiological
  processes rather than symbolically through coping
  mechanisms. 
It is believed that anxiety is
  
expressed through physiologic processes rather than
  
symbolically through coping mechanisms. 

 pick and choose 
choose; cull; pick; select. Its
  organization into independent topics that you can
  pick and choose from allows you to use it in a
  one-semester course. 
Its organization into
  
independent topics that you can pick from allows
  
you to use it in a one-semester course. ■ To leave
  it up to one person to pick and choose when to
  reveal autopsy information leads to the ability to
  shield from the public corruption and cover-ups in
  the medical examiner's office of cases of police
  brutality. 
To leave it up to one person to choose
  
when to reveal autopsy information leads to the
  
ability to shield from the public corruption and
  
cover-ups in the medical examiner's office of cases
  
of police brutality. 

 pick up the phone (telephone) and call 
call;
  
phone. Buying or selling ownership in a
  corporation is simply a matter of picking up the
  phone and calling a stockbroker, who can, within
  minutes, buy or sell stock listed on a stock
  exchange. 
Buying or selling ownership in a
  
corporation is simply a matter of calling a
  
stockbroker, who can, within minutes, buy or sell
  
stock listed on a stock exchange. 

 place (put) (a) ... (in; into; on; under; upon)
  delete. In determining the relative quality of
  municipal securities, many investors place great
  reliance on the rating provided by the two major
  rating agencies. 
In determining the relative
  
quality of municipal securities, many investors
  
greatly rely on the rating provided by the two
  
major rating agencies. ■ But at the same time that
  Washington puts pressure on European governments
  and companies, the administration ought to examine
  the inconsistencies in U.S. policy that confuse,
  and sometimes alarm, our allies. 
But at the same
  
time that Washington pressures European governments
  
and companies, the administration ought to examine
  
the inconsistencies in U.S. policy that confuse,
  
and sometimes alarm, our allies. ■ The Act only
  covers the actual cost of cleaning up pollution
  damage, and does not put a limit on compensation
  claims from third parties. 
The Act only covers the
  
actual cost of cleaning up pollution damage, and
  
does not limit compensation claims from third
  
parties. ■ The strategy placed strong emphasis on
  the triangle of concerns that determines the
  marketing strategies of all highly profitable
  financial institutions. 
The strategy strongly
  
emphasized the triangle of concerns that determines
  
the marketing strategies of all highly profitable
  
financial institutions. ■ He was placed under
  arrest at 4 a.m. Thursday. 
He was arrested at 4
  
a.m. Thursday. 

 place (put) a burden on (upon) 
burden; encumber;
  
hamper; hinder; oppress; overtax; strain; tax;
  
weigh down. The result can be the gradual
  accumulation of policies and practices that, like a
  bad diet, overload the organs and place burdens on
  the members struggling to keep it alive. 
The
  
result can be the gradual accumulation of policies
  
and practices that, like a bad diet, overload the
  
organs and burden the members struggling to keep it
  
alive. ■ As with other Sun Belt states, population
  growth has placed a great burden on the area's
  infrastructure. 
As with other Sun Belt states,
  
population growth has greatly taxed the area's
  
infrastructure. 

 place (put) a premium on (upon) 
appreciate;
  
cherish; esteem; prize; respect; treasure; value.
  
Employees who are not trained for advancement
  invariably head for the larger companies that place
  a premium on training programs. 
Employees who are
  
not trained for advancement invariably head for the
  
larger companies that appreciate training
  
programs. ■ Like our staff members, who place a
  premium on their intellectual and professional
  independence, our clients made it clear that they
  consider it essential to be able to work with us
  without concern about any conflicting interests.
  
Like our staff members, who prize their
  
intellectual and professional independence, our
  
clients made it clear that they consider it
  
essential to be able to work with us without
  
concern about any conflicting interests. 

 place (put) a priority on (upon) 
esteem; favor;
  
prefer; prize; treasure; value. 

  
place (put) a strain on (upon) 
burden; encumber;
  
hamper; hinder; oppress; overtax; strain; tax;
  
weigh down. Hot weather puts a strain on the heart
  and can lead to exhaustion, heart failure, and
  stroke. 
Hot weather overtaxes the heart and can
  
lead to exhaustion, heart failure, and stroke.

 place (put) a value on (upon) 
appreciate; cherish;
  
esteem; prize; respect; treasure; value. 

 place (put) credence in 
accept; believe; credit.
  
You might never have guessed some of these
  achievements if you placed credence in the threats,
  warnings, caveats, criticisms, advisories and the
  like that accompanied daily, weekly and monthly
  analyses from research departments. 
You might
  
never have guessed some of these achievements if
  
you believed the threats, warnings, caveats,
  
criticisms, advisories and the like that
  
accompanied daily, weekly and monthly analyses from
  
research departments. ■ A physical model of health
  and illness was emphasized that didn't place
  credence in the idea that our thinking and health
  were related. 
A physical model of health and
  
illness was emphasized that didn't accept the idea
  
that our thinking and health were related. 

 place (put) ... in danger 
endanger; imperil;
  
jeopardize. 

 place (put) ... in jeopardy 
endanger; imperil;
  
jeopardize. Over time, the defense bill that I
  have just vetoed would have placed in jeopardy all
  these diplomatic and strategic advances. 
Over
  
time, the defense bill that I have just vetoed
  
would have jeopardized all these diplomatic and
  
strategic advances. ■ The scientific quest for
  truth is placed in jeopardy when it is commingled
  with the prospect of personal profit. 
The
  
scientific quest for truth is imperiled when it is
  
commingled with the prospect of personal profit. ■
  The opposition Liberal Party, two weeks away from a
  crucial general election, has strengthened its
  position among voters and placed the U.S.-Canada
  trade agreement in serious jeopardy. 
The
  
opposition Liberal Party, two weeks away from a
  
crucial general election, has strengthened its
  
position among voters and seriously endangered the
  
U.S.-Canada trade agreement. 

 place (put) ... in (into) peril 
endanger; imperil;
  
jeopardize. The uncertainties about sales and
  service are putting into peril the very reason for
  the Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing: to allow Yugo
  America to reorganize and keep selling cars in the
  United States. 
The uncertainties about sales and
  
service are endangering the very reason for the
  
Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing: to allow Yugo America
  
to reorganize and keep selling cars in the United
  
States. ■ To do otherwise would invite serious
  trouble and even place our nation in great peril.
  
To do otherwise would invite serious trouble and
  
even greatly imperil our nation. 

 place (put) into question 
challenge; contradict;
  
dispute; doubt; question. 

 place of employment 
business; company; firm; job;
  
office; work; workplace. After the Commonwealth
  rested its case, the defendant indicated that he
  intended to call two witnesses to testify to having
  overheard Janice yelling at the defendant at his
  place of employment, a restaurant where the
  witnesses also worked. 
After the Commonwealth
  
rested its case, the defendant indicated that he
  
intended to call two witnesses to testify to having
  
overheard Janice yelling at the defendant at his
  
workplace, a restaurant where the witnesses also
  
worked. 

 place (put) restrictions on (upon) 
bind; compel;
  
force; obligate; restrict. 

 place (put) stress on (upon) 
strain; stress.
  
Fasting places great stress on your body. 
Fasting
  
greatly stresses your body. ■ If people can't
  support themselves in their retirement years, it
  places undue stress on the nation's social
  services, and taxes must go up. 
If people can't
  
support themselves in their retirement years, it
  
unduly strains the nation's social services, and
  
taxes must go up. 

 place (put) under obligation 
bind; compel; force;
  
obligate; restrict. 

 plain and simple 
clear; obvious; plain; simple.
  
Associating tobacco with the pastoral joy of
  watching a baseball game or a golf or tennis
  tournament is plainly and simply false advertising.
  
Associating tobacco with the pastoral joy of
  
watching a baseball game or a golf or tennis
  
tournament is clearly false advertising. ■ The
  decision of the School Committee was plain and
  simple in its message. 
The decision of the School
  
Committee was plain in its message. 

 plan ahead 
plan. If people would plan ahead, they
  wouldn't be confronted by these crisis situations.
  
If people would plan, they wouldn't be confronted
  
by these crisis situations. ■ When you first
  create a data file, you should plan ahead so that
  the data are effectively organized. 
When you first
  
create a data file, you should plan so that the
  
data are effectively organized. 

 plan of action (attack; battle) 
action; course;
  
direction; intention; method; move; plan; policy;
  
procedure; route; scheme; strategy. If Polaroid
  rejects your offer and expresses no interest in
  talking with you, what's your next plan of action?
  
If Polaroid rejects your offer and expresses no
  
interest in talking with you, what's your next
  
move? ■ Environmentalists say their failure to
  agree on a plan of battle raises doubts about
  whether they are up to the challenge.
  
Environmentalists say their failure to agree on a
  
strategy raises doubts about whether they are up to
  
the challenge. 

 plan out 
plan. It pays in the long run to plan
  out your career. 
It pays in the long run to plan
  
your career. 

 plans and specifications 
plans; specifications. 

 plummet down 
down; plummet. I can provide a
  litany of cases where competition has brought
  prices plummeting down. 
I can provide a litany of
  
cases where competition has brought prices
  
plummeting. 

 plunge down 
down; plunge. 

 (a; the) plurality (of) 
almost all (of); (nine) in
  
(ten) (of); many (of); more (of); most (of); nearly
  
all (of); (43) of (48) (of); ... percent (of);
  
three-fourths (two-thirds) (of). The poll also
  found that 89 percent of Americans would not want
  to be president, and a plurality would not want
  their children to be. 
The poll also found that 89
  
percent of Americans would not want to be
  
president, and 60 percent would not want their
  
children to be. ■ A plurality of the 1,084 adults
  surveyed primarily faulted society rather than the
  homeless for homelessness. 
Almost all the 1,084
  
adults surveyed primarily faulted society rather
  
than the homeless for homelessness. ■ In a
  national poll, a plurality of young women described
  their female colleagues as ``competitive in a
  sneaky, backstabbing way.'' 
In a national poll,
  
five in seven young women described their female
  
colleagues as ``competitive in a sneaky,
  
backstabbing way.'' 

 (3:00) p.m. ... afternoon (evening) 
afternoon
  
(evening); (3:00) p.m. It was 2 p.m. in the
  afternoon before we saw her. 
It was 2 p.m. before
  
we saw her. 

 point of departure 
starting point. 

 point of view 
attitude; belief; opinion; position;
  
posture; stand; standpoint; vantage; view;
  
viewpoint. In the United States, there is an
  increase in sympathy for the Palestinian point of
  view. 
In the United States, there is an increase
  
in sympathy for the Palestinian viewpoint. ■ It is
  quite natural for two countries with different
  points of view to have some differences. 
It is
  
quite natural for two countries with different
  
standpoints to have some differences. ■ Could it
  be that the point of view of his organization is
  that protectionism is bad when designed to help
  working people or their communities and good only
  when it benefits corporations? 
Could it be that
  
the attitude of his organization is that
  
protectionism is bad when designed to help working
  
people or their communities and good only when it
  
benefits corporations? 

 point to the conclusion 
indicate; show; signal;
  
signify; suggest. 

 polish up 
polish. 

 polite euphemism 
euphemism. Even its fans call it
  ``difficult'' and ``uningratiating,'' polite
  euphemisms for off the wall, a very appropriate pun
  to describe this museum-proof collection of dirt
  piles, rusted girders and ``conceptual'' creations.
  
Even its fans call it ``difficult'' and
  
``uningratiating,'' euphemisms for off the wall, a
  
very appropriate pun to describe this museum-proof
  
collection of dirt piles, rusted girders and
  
``conceptual'' creations. 

 popular consensus 
consensus. The opportunity to
  conduct a rigorous drug trial can only come early
  in a drug's life, before a popular consensus
  develops. 
The opportunity to conduct a rigorous
  
drug trial can only come early in a drug's life,
  
before a consensus develops. 

 position 
job. 

 (a; the) ... position  delete. In the mid-1980s,
  they began a succession of investments in Telerate,
  which had a monopoly position in the distribution
  of quotations on U.S. government securities. 
In
  
the mid-1980s, they began a succession of
  
investments in Telerate, which had a monopoly in
  
the distribution of quotations on U.S. government
  
securities.

 positive assurance 
assurance. Through the end of
  last week, we received positive assurances the vote
  would go through, which makes this doubly
  frustrating. 
Through the end of last week, we
  
received assurances the vote would go through,
  
which makes this doubly frustrating. 

 positive feelings 
affection; attraction;
  
confidence; esteem; faith; favor; fondness; hope;
  
interest; liking; love; regard; tenderness; trust.
  
I'm anticipating this launch with positive
  feelings. 
I'm anticipating this launch with
  
confidence. 

 possess (a; the) ... (about; for; of; on; over)
  
have; own; delete. If teachers do not possess a
  firm understanding of both science content and
  science curriculum goals, even the best of
  assessments will not be sufficient to guide their
  classroom instruction. 
If teachers do not firmly
  
understand both science content and science
  
curriculum goals, even the best of assessments will
  
not be sufficient to guide their classroom
  
instruction. ■ Most materials called aluminum are
  actually aluminum alloys, which possess greater
  strength than the pure metal. 
Most materials
  
called aluminum are actually aluminum alloys, which
  
have greater strength than the pure metal. ■
  Thomas A. Edison had little formal education, but
  he possessed an exceptional ability to design and
  perfect some of the world's most significant
  inventions. 
Thomas A. Edison had little formal
  
education, but he had an exceptional ability to
  
design and perfect some of the world's most
  
significant inventions. 

 possibility 
chance; likelihood; prospect. 

 possibly may (might) 
may (might). Swaggart
  possibly may decide to start his own church.
  
Swaggart may decide to start his own church. ■
  For the really scary story could be that the boom
  just possibly might happen here again. 
For the
  
really scary story could be that the boom just
  
might happen here again. 

 posterior to 
after; behind; following; later. 

 potentiality 
potential. All these tools have the
  same power sources, materials, and styling, and
  most important, each has identical market
  potentiality. 
All these tools have the same power
  
sources, materials, and styling, and most
  
important, each has identical market potential. 

 pouring (down) rain 
pouring. It will probably be
  pouring down rain at the lake. 
It will probably be
  
pouring at the lake. 

 practically 
almost; nearly. 

 predicate on (upon) 
base on. 

 predict ahead of time (beforehand; in advance)
  
predict. I'm not privy to the secret of how to
  predict ahead of time who will succeed. 
I'm not
  
privy to the secret of how to predict who will
  
succeed. ■ Could epidemiologists have predicted
  some of these outbreaks in advance? 
Could
  
epidemiologists have predicted some of these
  
outbreaks? 

 predict ... future 
forecast; foretell; predict.
  
No one, not the fund manager, not the investor,
  can predict the future course of financial markets.
  
No one, not the fund manager, not the investor,
  
can predict the course of financial markets. ■
  Thus predictions of future performance will be
  important criteria in performance appraisal. 
Thus
  
predictions of performance will be important
  
criteria in performance appraisal. 

 predominant (predominantly) 
almost all; chief;
  
chiefly; generally; in general; largely; main;
  
mainly; most; mostly; most often; nearly all. The
  social structure of this country is predominantly
  white. 
The social structure of this country is
  
largely white. ■ Simple lack of balanced expense
  control is the predominant cause of personal
  financial disaster. 
Simple lack of balanced
  
expense control is the main cause of personal
  
financial disaster. 

 prefer ... as opposed to (instead of; rather than)
  
prefer ... over; prefer ... to. The Regional Bell
  Operating Companies would prefer having the ability
  to program advanced features into a network
  themselves as opposed to having the switch vendor
  do it. 
The Regional Bell Operating Companies would
  
prefer having the ability to program advanced
  
features into a network themselves to having the
  
switch vendor do it. ■ Nurses who prefer listening
  and comprehension as opposed to verbalization
  generally experience the most productive and
  satisfying interactions. 
Nurses who prefer
  
listening and comprehension over verbalization
  
generally experience the most productive and
  
satisfying interactions. 

 prejudicial opinion 
bias; prejudice. Contrary to
  the prejudicial opinion of most women libbers,
  physical attractiveness has been and will always be
  a definite asset. 
Contrary to the prejudice of
  
most women libbers, physical attractiveness has
  
been and will always be a definite asset. 

 preliminary draft 
draft. He gave me the
  preliminary draft of their report to review. 
He
  
gave me the draft of their report to review. 

 preliminary to 
before. 

 premises 
building; house; office; store. 

 preparation (prepare) ... before 
preparation
  
(prepare) ... for. In some ways, it is no
  different from the preparation people are asked to
  do before any meeting. 
In some ways, it is no
  
different from the preparation people are asked to
  
do for any meeting. 

 preparatory to 
before. 

 prepare for in advance 
prepare for. Try to
  anticipate problems and prepare for them in
  advance. 
Try to anticipate problems and prepare
  
for them. 

 preplan 
plan. In short programs, much of the
  cognitive input or preplanning takes place on the
  trainees' own time, thus keeping the seminar to the
  shortest possible number of hours. 
In short
  
programs, much of the cognitive input or planning
  
takes place on the trainees' own time, thus keeping
  
the seminar to the shortest possible number of
  
hours. 

 present (a; the) ... (of; on; to) 
(v) delete.
  Exhibit 2-2 presents a plot of the same data.
  
Exhibit 2-2 plots the same data. ■ The analysis
  of sales cycles presents little added difficulty to
  the material we have covered. 
The analysis of
  
sales cycles adds little difficulty to the material
  
we have covered. ■ We present a summary of the key
  trends that are important to monitor in the future.
  
We summarize the key trends that are important to
  
monitor in the future. ■ Increased competition,
  shrinking profit margins, and escalating costs are
  presenting challenges to management. 
Increased
  
competition, shrinking profit margins, and
  
escalating costs are challenging management. ■ In
  Chapter 1, we presented a definition of global
  marketing and its elements. 
In Chapter 1, we
  
defined global marketing and its elements.

 present everywhere 
all over; everywhere;
  
omnipresent; ubiquitous; widespread. Talk about
  sex is present everywhere. 
Talk about sex is
  
ubiquitous. 

 present incumbent 
incumbent. 

 presently 
quickly; shortly; soon. 

 presently 
(just; right) now; today; (just) yet;
  
delete. The computer industry is presently
  changing from fourth- to fifth-generation computer
  systems. 
The computer industry is now changing
  
from fourth- to fifth-generation computer systems.
  ■ Each of these phases presently exists to some
  extent in American business. 
Each of these phases
  
exists to some extent in American business. ■ The
  town presently practices a minimum salt program on
  its roadways within the watershed area. 
Today, the
  
town practices a minimum salt program on its
  
roadways within the watershed area. ■ No one is
  presently available to answer your call. 
No one is
  
available just yet to answer your call.

 present with 
give. The disabled people met with
  James O'Leary, MBTA general manager, and presented
  him with a list of 19 demands. 
The disabled people
  
met with James O'Leary, MBTA general manager, and
  
gave him a list of 19 demands. 

 pressurize 
pressure. 

 pretty delete. It's pretty awesome to think of a
  single gene abnormality that can accelerate the age
  for a heart attack by 50 years. 
It's awesome to
  
think of a single gene abnormality that can
  
accelerate the age for a heart attack by 50 years.

 preventative 
preventive. The idea of preventative
  training seems to be a necessity in any educational
  program. 
The idea of preventive training seems to
  
be a necessity in any educational program. ■
  Widespread inoculation of children has been one of
  the greatest examples of preventative medicine in
  this century. 
Widespread inoculation of children
  
has been one of the greatest examples of preventive
  
medicine in this century. 

 previous (previously) 
ago; before; earlier;
  
delete. We are no closer to resolution than we
  were three years previously. 
We are no closer to
  
resolution than we were three years ago. ■ Bonnie
  beat her competitor, as she had the previous day.
  
Bonnie beat her competitor, as she had the day
  
before. ■ Two years previous, I was going through
  a period of emotional stress. 
Two years ago, I was
  
going through a period of emotional stress. 

 previous to 
before. The Angels have played 16
  extra-inning games previous to today. 
The Angels
  
have played 16 extra-inning games before today. 

 primary (primarily) 
almost all; chief; chiefly;
  
largely; main; mainly; most; mostly; most often;
  
nearly all. The assumption is that foreign
  customers are primarily interested in product
  availability. 
The assumption is that foreign
  
customers are mainly interested in product
  
availability. 

 principal (principally) 
almost all; chief;
  
chiefly; largely; main; mainly; most; mostly; most
  
often; nearly all. 

 prior approval (consent) 
approval (consent). This
  Software is licensed only to you, the Licensee, and
  may not be transferred to anyone without the prior
  written consent of Microsoft. 
This Software is
  
licensed only to you, the Licensee, and may not be
  
transferred to anyone without the written consent
  
of Microsoft. ■ He deeply resents that
  institution's issuance of a press release
  concerning him without his knowledge and prior
  consent or approval. 
He deeply resents that
  
institution's issuance of a press release
  
concerning him without his knowledge and consent or
  
approval. 

 prioritize 
arrange; list; order; rank; rate. By
  prioritizing your objectives, devising your plan,
  and controlling your expenditures, you should be
  able to build your net worth over the course of
  your career. 
By ranking your objectives, devising
  
your plan, and controlling your expenditures, you
  
should be able to build your net worth over the
  
course of your career. 

 prior to 
before. The gas velocity profiles prior
  to and after the head-on collision are seen here.
  
The gas velocity profiles before and after the
  
head-on collision are seen here. ■ Prior to the
  sixteenth century, unknown quantities were
  represented by words. 
Before the sixteenth
  
century, unknown quantities were represented by
  
words. 

 prior to that (the; this) time (of) 
before; before
  
now (then). We will not pay for transportation
  expenses incurred prior to that time. 
We will not
  
pay for transportation expenses incurred before
  
then. ■ Prior to the time of the killing, he was
  under investigation for two or three robberies.
  
Before the killing, he was under investigation for
  
two or three robberies. 

 probability 
chance; likelihood; prospect. Others
  may be less familiar with the model or unfamiliar
  with the program, thus increasing the probability
  of mistakes. 
Others may be less familiar with the
  
model or unfamiliar with the program, thus
  
increasing the likelihood of mistakes. 

 problematical 
problematic. Since the U.K. banking
  industry was both mature and increasingly
  competitive, the clear differentiation of services
  was becoming problematical. 
Since the U.K. banking
  
industry was both mature and increasingly
  
competitive, the clear differentiation of services
  
was becoming problematic. 

 (a; the) ... procedure delete. Autocorrelation
  analysis is a useful procedure for identifying the
  existence and shape of a trend. 
Autocorrelation
  
analysis is useful for identifying the existence
  
and shape of a trend.

 proceed 
go; move; run; walk. 

 (then) ... proceed (to) 
later; next; then;
  delete.  They tied me to a cross and proceeded to
  light the fire. 
They tied me to a cross and then
  
lit the fire. ■ He took my number, which he
  proceeded to lose. 
He took my number, which he
  
later lost. ■ When you are ill, you don't read the
  medical encyclopedia, diagnose your case, and then
  proceed to doctor yourself. 
When you are ill, you
  
don't read the medical encyclopedia, diagnose your
  
case, and then doctor yourself. 

 proceed ahead (forward; on; onward) 
advance; go
  
on; move on; proceed; progress. We ran into a
  brick wall on getting the kind of commitment from a
  big player that we felt was necessary to proceed
  ahead. 
We ran into a brick wall on getting the
  
kind of commitment from a big player that we felt
  
was necessary to proceed. 

 (a; the) ... process delete. It's been a gradual
  process. 
It's been gradual. ■ The assessment
  process involves rigorously examining the methods
  used. 
Assessment involves rigorously examining the
  
methods used. ■ Defining a database─often a
  laborious and time-consuming process─is simplified
  with the menu-driven definition scheme. 
Defining a
  
database─often laborious and time consuming─is
  
simplified with the menu-driven definition scheme.
  ■ Getting into the honesty business, in short, can
  be an expensive and arduous process. 
Getting into
  
the honesty business, in short, can be expensive
  
and arduous. ■ If there is any shortcoming, it's
  that no patients are included in the
  decision-making process. 
If there is any
  
shortcoming, it's that no patients are included in
  
the decision making. ■ Doctors should not dismiss
  complaints of incontinence as an inevitable part of
  the aging process. 
Doctors should not dismiss
  
complaints of incontinence as an inevitable part of
  
aging. 

 procure 
get. 

 produce (a; the) ... (of; to) delete. The model is
  an analytic framework that produces estimates of
  future sales. 
The model is an analytic framework
  
that estimates future sales. ■ The researcher will
  produce a written report not to exceed 25 pages in
  length, including an executive summary. 
The
  
researcher will write a report not to exceed 25
  
pages in length, including an executive summary. 

 proffer 
give; offer. Another way of observing a
  culture is to note the manner and method of
  proffering praise for superior performance and
  accomplishment. 
Another way of observing a culture
  
is to note the manner and method of giving praise
  
for superior performance and accomplishment. ■ An
  interesting response to the pricing dilemma has
  been proffered by several traditional
  broker-distributed fund sponsors. 
An interesting
  
response to the pricing dilemma has been offered by
  
several traditional broker-distributed fund
  
sponsors. 

 profitability (profitableness) 
profits. The
  strategy for achieving higher profitability was
  simple: organize our businesses around the
  customer, not the product. 
The strategy for
  
achieving higher profits was simple: organize our
  
businesses around the customer, not the product. 

 progress ahead (forward; on; onward) 
advance; go
  
on; move on; proceed; progress. 

 proliferate 
spread. 

 protestation 
protest. Despite Solomon's
  protestation, the five-member board is expected to
  consider changing its rules, which also prohibit
  CPAs from taking commissions. 
Despite Solomon's
  
protest, the five-member board is expected to
  
consider changing its rules, which also prohibit
  
CPAs from taking commissions.

 protrude out 
protrude. 

 proven 
(v) proved. The exact number of data
  points has not yet been proven. 
The exact number
  
of data points has not yet been proved. ■ The
  nondegree program, once ridiculed in academic
  circles, has proven critics wrong. 
The nondegree
  
program, once ridiculed in academic circles, has
  
proved critics wrong. 

 proven fact 
fact; proof. That's a proven fact.
  
That's a fact. 

 prove of benefit to 
benefit. 

 provide (a; the) ... (for; of; to) delete. This
  book provides a review of those techniques. 
This
  
book reviews those techniques. ■ The costs of
  bankruptcies are trivial and do not provide a
  significant limitation to the use of debt
  financing. 
The costs of bankruptcies are trivial
  
and do not significantly limit the use of debt
  
financing. ■ In this chapter we provide an
  introduction to data processing. 
In this chapter
  
we introduce data processing. ■ The size of the
  resulting MSE provides an indication of whether
  additional information is needed. 
The size of the
  
resulting MSE indicates whether additional
  
information is needed. ■ Only the firm's internal
  balance data provided an accurate estimate of the
  magnitude of the effect of service dissatisfaction
  in terms of lost revenues and profits. 
Only the
  
firm's internal balance data accurately estimated
  
the magnitude of the effect of service
  
dissatisfaction in terms of lost revenues and
  
profits. ■ Nurses check with other members of the
  health team when they are unable to provide answers
  to questions. 
Nurses check with other members of
  
the health team when they are unable to answer
  
questions. 

 provided (providing) (that) 
if. You can use the
  same filename more than once provided that the
  files are stored in different directories. 
You can
  
use the same filename more than once if the files
  
are stored in different directories. 

 provide ... with 
give. It provides us with a
  starting point for our analysis. 
It gives us a
  
starting point for our analysis. ■ The Dubuque
  provided them with several hundred pounds of food
  and water and navigational aids but did not take
  them aboard. 
The Dubuque gave them several hundred
  
pounds of food and water and navigational aids but
  
did not take them aboard. 

 proximity 
closeness; nearness. Its proximity to
  the edge of the street and the limits of one's
  field of vision restrict how much of it one can
  see. 
Its nearness to the edge of the street and
  
the limits of one's field of vision restrict how
  
much of it one can see. ■ In the search for
  techniques to establish distance between ourselves
  and others we find that praise is one of the most
  effective, simply because, when we evaluate people,
  we are not likely to gain emotional proximity to
  them. 
In the search for techniques to establish
  
distance between ourselves and others we find that
  
praise is one of the most effective, simply
  
because, when we evaluate people, we are not likely
  
to gain emotional closeness to them. 

 psychiatrical 
psychiatric. 

 psychical 
psychic. 

 psychoanalytical 
psychoanalytic. 

 psychobiological 
psychobiologic. 

 psychometrical 
psychometric. 

 psychopathological 
psychopathologic. 

 psychophysiological 
psychophysiologic. 

 purchase 
buy. Why would a sensitive, intelligent
  woman purchase a handgun? 
Why would a sensitive,
  
intelligent woman buy a handgun? ■ If you act
  before April 30, you can purchase the 
Compact
  
Supplement for just $60. 
If you act before April
  
30, you can buy the Compact Supplement 
for just
  
$60. 

 pure and simple 
pure; simple. 

 pure (and) unadulterated 
pure; simple;
  
unadulterated. This movie is pure, unadulterated
  blasphemy. 
This movie is pure blasphemy. 

 pursuant to 
by; following; under. Licenses issued
  pursuant to this Article shall be issued for terms
  not exceeding one year. 
Licenses issued under this
  
Article shall be issued for terms not exceeding one
  
year. 

 put a halt to 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; settle; stop. Before things get
  out of hand again this year, let's try to put a
  halt to it now. 
Before things get out of hand
  
again this year, let's try to halt it now. 

 put an end to 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; settle; stop. In the last
  century, liberals fought to put an end to the cruel
  traffic in human flesh known as slavery. 
In the
  
last century, liberals fought to end the cruel
  
traffic in human flesh known as slavery. 

 (to) put (it) another way 
namely; that is; to wit.

 put a stop to 
cease; close; complete; conclude;
  
end; finish; halt; settle; stop. I want you to put
  a stop to all of this nonsense. 
I want you to stop
  
all of this nonsense. 

 put ... finger on (upon) 
identify. 

 put forth 
advance; exert; give; offer; present;
  
propose; submit; suggest. Their employees, free to
  put forth their best efforts, thrive in this
  environment. 
Their employees, free to give their
  
best efforts, thrive in this environment. 

 put forward 
advance; give; offer; present;
  
propose; submit; suggest. 

 put in alphabetical order 
alphabetize. Suppose we
  have a list of words that we want to put in
  alphabetical order. 
Suppose we have a list of
  
words that we want to alphabetize. 

 put in an appearance 
appear; arrive; come; show
  
up. 

 put into effect 
effect; make; perform; produce.
  
Quaker Fabrics Corp. said it would put into effect
  cost-cutting measures that specifically exclude
  personnel reductions. 
Quaker Fabrics Corp. said it
  
would effect cost-cutting measures that
  
specifically exclude personnel reductions. 

 put on an act 
feign; pretend. 

 put together 
assemble; build; construct; create;
  
devise; fashion; form; mold; set up; shape. Thus
  far, KKR has put together four of the largest
  leveraged buyouts in history. 
Thus far, KKR has
  
fashioned four of the largest leveraged buyouts in
  
history. 

 put to sleep 
destroy; kill. 

 put two and two together 
conclude; deduce; draw;
  
infer; reason. 

 put up with 
abide; bear; endure; stand; suffer;
  
tolerate. 

 puzzlement 
puzzle. 

 
     Q 


  
qualified expert 
expert. 

 quality 
(adj) fine; good. Cuddle Care offers
  quality care for all children of working parents.
  
Cuddle Care offers fine care for all children of
  
working parents. 

 question mark 
enigma; mystery; puzzle; question;
  
unknown. For scientists trying to forecast how the
  world will react to the burgeoning burden of
  greenhouse gases, clouds pose a vexing question
  mark. 
For scientists trying to forecast how the
  
world will react to the burgeoning burden of
  
greenhouse gases, clouds pose a vexing question. ■
  At present, the oceans constitute the biggest
  question mark in the future of the world's climate.
  
At present, the oceans constitute the biggest
  
unknown in the future of the world's climate. 

 (a; the) question to answer 
question. That
  remains a question to be answered. 
That remains a
  
question. ■ The question to answer is what value
  should be used for the beginning periods in the
  series. 
The question is what value should be used
  
for the beginning periods in the series. 

 quickly expedite 
expedite. 

 quite delete. The Microsoft Project period demand
  report does quite an excellent job of profiling
  resource workloads. 
The Microsoft Project period
  
demand report does an excellent job of profiling
  
resource workloads.

 quixotical 
quixotic. 

 R

 radiate out 
radiate. Tracks run in concentric
  circles around the disk, and sectors radiate out
  from the center in pie-shaped wedges. 
Tracks run
  
in concentric circles around the disk, and sectors
  
radiate from the center in pie-shaped wedges. 

 raise doubts about (on) 
challenge; contradict;
  
dispute; doubt; question. 

 raise objections about (on; to) 
challenge;
  
complain about; criticize; demur; deprecate; differ
  
in; disagree with; disapprove of; dispute; find
  
fault with; object to; oppose; protest; question;
  
resent. Government employees raised objections to
  the bill, saying they were worried about getting
  jobs after leaving government. 
Government
  
employees objected to the bill, saying they were
  
worried about getting jobs after leaving
  
government. 

 raise opposition about (on; to) 
challenge;
  
complain about; criticize; demur; deprecate; differ
  
in; disagree with; disapprove of; dispute; find
  
fault with; object to; oppose; protest; question;
  
resent. One longs to get a wider view of the times
  and the people she presents, particularly the women
  of the period who were raising strong opposition to
  male authority. 
One longs to get a wider view of
  
the times and the people she presents, particularly
  
the women of the period who were strongly
  
deprecating male authority. 

 raise questions about (on) 
challenge; contradict;
  
dispute; doubt; question. Congressional critics
  have raised questions about the plane's future,
  particularly as cost estimates have increased.
  
Congressional critics have questioned the plane's
  
future, particularly as cost estimates have
  
increased. ■ Critics for several years have raised
  questions about the safety provided by the lap
  belts alone. 
Critics for several years have
  
disputed the safety provided by the lap belts
  
alone. ■ But while this helps develop the
  executive, it restricts the outside board members'
  willingness to raise questions about top
  management's proposals and performance. 
But while
  
this helps develop the executive, it restricts the
  
outside board members' willingness to challenge top
  
management's proposals and performance. 

 raise up 
raise. 

 range anywhere (somewhere) from ... to 
range from
  
... to. Estimates of sales growth in the industry
  this year range anywhere from 12 to 50 percent.
  
Estimates of sales growth in the industry this
  
year range from 12 to 50 percent. 

 range from ... all the way to (all the way up to; up
  to) 
range from ... to. The cost ranges from $500
  up to $10,000. 
The cost ranges from $500 to
  
$10,000. 

 range from a low of ... to a high of 
range from
  
... to. The 1987 rates range from a low of 14.8
  percent at St. Vincent's Hospital to a high of 35.8
  percent at St. Joseph's Hospital. 
The 1987 rates
  
range from 14.8 percent at St. Vincent's Hospital
  
to 35.8 percent at St. Joseph's Hospital. 

 rant and rave 
rant; rave. 

 rapidity 
quickness; speed. 

 rarely (seldom) ever 
rarely (seldom). 

 rather delete. I thought this idea was rather
  astonishing. 
I thought this idea was astonishing.

 rationale 
reason; thinking. The primary rationale
  is that it is a necessary condition for an
  otherwise attractive business deal. 
The primary
  
reason is that it is a necessary condition for an
  
otherwise attractive business deal. 

 rational reason 
reason. There's no rational
  reason for astrology to work. 
There's no reason
  
for astrology to work. 

 raze to the ground 
level; raze. 

 reach (a; the) ... (of) delete. The dividends
  question is part of the union's proxy fight with
  the company that is expected to reach a culmination
  at next week's annual meeting. 
The dividends
  
question is part of the union's proxy fight with
  
the company that is expected to culminate at next
  
week's annual meeting. ■ We tried to reach an
  accommodation with both parties. 
We tried to
  
accommodate both parties. 

 reach (an; the) accord 
agree; compromise; concur;
  
decide; resolve; settle. An attorney representing
  Eastern said the airline wants to reach an accord
  with the American Society of Travel Agents. 
An
  
attorney representing Eastern said the airline
  
wants to settle with the American Society of Travel
  
Agents. 

 reach (an; the) agreement 
agree; compromise;
  
concur; decide; resolve; settle. Both he and
  Chandler said the two sides had reached a tentative
  agreement on an educational trust fund demanded by
  the union. 
Both he and Chandler said the two sides
  
had tentatively agreed on an educational trust fund
  
demanded by the union. ■ There can be no assurance
  that the two parties will be able to reach
  agreement on any transaction. 
There can be no
  
assurance that the two parties will be able to
  
decide on any transaction. ■ Reportedly, the two
  sides have reached agreement on a number of issues.
  
Reportedly, the two sides have resolved a number
  
of issues.

 reach (a; the) compromise 
agree; compromise;
  
concur; decide; resolve; settle. 

 reach (a; the) conclusion 
conclude; decide;
  
deduce; determine; infer; judge; reason; resolve;
  
settle. Having reached this conclusion, we
  overturn the defendant's conviction for armed
  assault within a dwelling with the intent to commit
  a felony and assault and battery by means of a
  dangerous weapon. 
Having concluded this, we
  
overturn the defendant's conviction for armed
  
assault within a dwelling with the intent to commit
  
a felony and assault and battery by means of a
  
dangerous weapon. ■ The Japanese did not reach
  that conclusion by engaging in abstract reasoning
  but by observing England's industrial relations.
  
The Japanese did not deduce that by engaging in
  
abstract reasoning but by observing England's
  
industrial relations. 

 reach (a; the) decision (on; upon) 
conclude;
  
decide; deduce; determine; infer; judge; reason;
  
resolve; settle. He said the committee also is
  weighing the issue of who was responsible for the
  overstatement and probably will reach a decision
  within a few weeks. 
He said the committee also is
  
weighing the issue of who was responsible for the
  
overstatement and probably will decide within a few
  
weeks. 

 reach (a; the) determination (on; upon) 
conclude;
  
decide; deduce; determine; infer; judge; reason;
  
resolve; settle. 

 reach (an; the) estimate (estimation) (of)
  
approximate; assess; estimate; evaluate; rate. 

 reach (an; the) opinion 
conclude; decide; deduce;
  
determine; infer; judge; reason; resolve; settle.

 reach (a; the) resolution (about; on); 
agree;
  
conclude; decide; determine; resolve; settle. 

 reach (a; the) settlement 
agree; conclude; decide;
  
resolve; settle. One union source said that the
  Justice Department and the union leadership were
  not likely to reach an out-of-court settlement
  before the start of the racketeering trial. 
One
  
union source said that the Justice Department and
  
the union leadership were not likely to settle out
  
of court before the start of the racketeering
  
trial. 

 reach (an; the) understanding 
agree; compromise;
  
concur; decide; resolve; settle. 

 read where 
read (that). 

 real (really)  delete. The legislature made a real
  major effort to pass the bill. 
The legislature
  
made a major effort to pass the bill. ■ We know
  the governor has really serious budget problems
  this year. 
We know the governor has serious budget
  
problems this year. ■ The equations may look more
  complicated than they really are. 
The equations
  
may look more complicated than they are.

 (a; the) real fact 
fact; truth. 

 real live  delete. This appears to be a real live
  medical problem. 
This appears to be a medical
  
problem.

 really (and) truly 
actually; indeed; in fact; in
  
faith; in reality; in truth; really; truly;
  
delete. They really truly did have a unique
  product. 
They truly did have a unique product. ■
  Managing the house often kept him from what he was
  really, truly cut out to do. 
Managing the house
  
often kept him from what he was cut out to do. 

 reason being is 
reason is. 

 reason (why) ... is because 
because; reason is
  
(that). The reason the business failed was because
  it was undercapitalized. 
The business failed
  
because it was undercapitalized. ■ Another reason
  why the example fails as a good strategic goal is
  because it violates the rule of accountability.
  
Another reason the example fails as a good
  
strategic goal is it violates the rule of
  
accountability. ■ The reason I say that is because
  he was the only lawyer who charged me for
  interviewing him. 
I say that because he was the
  
only lawyer who charged me for interviewing him. ■
  One reason Magellan is so successful is because the
  fund doesn't pull in and out of the stock market.
  
One reason Magellan is so successful is that the
  
fund doesn't pull in and out of the stock market.

 reason (why) ... is due to (the fact that) 
because
  
of; due to; reason is (that). The reason the
  flooding is so bad this year is due to torrential
  rains and soil erosion. 
The flooding is so bad
  
this year because of torrential rains and soil
  
erosion. ■ One of the reasons the big,
  comfortable, rear-wheel-drive sedan has remained
  popular is due to the increased affluence and
  mobility of our senior generation. 
One of the
  
reasons the big, comfortable, rear-wheel-drive
  
sedan has remained popular is the increased
  
affluence and mobility of our senior generation. 

 reason (why) ... is that 
because. The reason why
  it's more complicated is that we have more leaders
  today. 
It's more complicated because we have more
  
leaders today. ■ The reason we're so successful is
  that the projects we work with are good ones and
  we're good at working with community groups. 
We're
  
so successful because the projects we work with are
  
good ones and we're good at working with community
  
groups. 

 reason why 
reason. It's one of the reasons why we
  have so much misconduct, so much scandal, in
  government. 
It's one of the reasons we have so
  
much misconduct, so much scandal, in government. ■
  You have to give the American people a reason why.
  
You have to give the American people a reason. ■
  Benefits such as these were the reasons why a large
  number of U.S. companies originally entered Europe
  in the 1950s and 1960s via joint ventures.
  
Benefits such as these were the reasons a large
  
number of U.S. companies originally entered Europe
  
in the 1950s and 1960s via joint ventures. 

 recall back 
recall. 

 receive back 
receive. People express doubt that
  they will receive back as much in benefits as they
  paid in Social Security taxes. 
People express
  
doubt that they will receive as much in benefits as
  
they paid in Social Security taxes. 

 recoil back 
recoil. 

 reconvert 
convert. The company is no newcomer to
  reconverting abandoned mills to office and research
  and development space. 
The company is no newcomer
  
to converting abandoned mills to office and
  
research and development space. 

 record-breaking (high) 
record. The Cape is
  burdened with a record-breaking number of houses
  for sale. 
The Cape is burdened with a record
  
number of houses for sale. ■ As record-breaking
  temperatures continue to assault the nation, people
  may find themselves snarling where they used to
  smile and being grouchy when they used to grin. 
As
  
record temperatures continue to assault the nation,
  
people may find themselves snarling where they used
  
to smile and being grouchy when they used to grin.

 record high 
record. Young adults are returning
  home to live with their parents in record-high
  numbers. 
Young adults are returning home to live
  
with their parents in record numbers. ■ The number
  of women in Congress has inched to a record high of
  27, with careful targeting, smart politics, and
  luck all playing a part. 
The number of women in
  
Congress has inched to a record of 27, with careful
  
targeting, smart politics, and luck all playing a
  
part. 

 record-setting 
record. That should mean a blessed
  end to record-setting heat and a host of problems
  that arose from or probably interacted with it.
  
That should mean a blessed end to record heat and
  
a host of problems that arose from or probably
  
interacted with it. 

 record-size 
record. It appears we've had a
  record-size turnout at the polls. 
It appears we've
  
had a record turnout at the polls. 

 rectify 
correct; fix; improve. Why can't they
  rectify the conditions at Danvers State Hospital?
  
Why can't they improve the conditions at Danvers
  
State Hospital? 

 recur again (and again) 
recur. The lapse has
  already been corrected within our systems to insure
  that the problem will not recur again. 
The lapse
  
has already been corrected within our systems to
  
insure that the problem will not recur. ■ I didn't
  realize that depression can recur again and again.
  
I didn't realize that depression can recur. 

 reduce by (to) half 
halve. 

 reduce down 
reduce. Reduce the number of paid
  sick days from 20 down to some lower number.
  
Reduce the number of paid sick days from 20 to
  
some lower number.

 refer back 
refer. He constantly refers back to
  the incident. 
He constantly refers to the
  
incident. ■ With this change of emphasis, the
  general case allows the process to be repeated
  again from the beginning by referring back to the
  original procedure. 
With this change of emphasis,
  
the general case allows the process to be repeated
  
again from the beginning by referring to the
  
original procedure. ■ The reader may find it
  helpful to refer back to this diagram after we have
  completed our discussion. 
The reader may find it
  
helpful to refer to this diagram after we have
  
completed our discussion. 

 refer to 
see. For a detailed description of this
  form, refer to Chapter 4 of 
Inside the Apple IIe.
  

For a detailed description of this form, see
  
Chapter 4 of Inside the Apple IIe. 

 refer to as 
call; name; term; delete. Unconscious
  attempts to manage anxiety are referred to as
  defense mechanisms. 
Unconscious attempts to manage
  
anxiety are termed defense mechanisms. ■ Multiview
  drawings are often referred to as mechanical
  drawings. 
Multiview drawings are often called
  
mechanical drawings. ■ The circle is referred to
  as the bolt circle, or circle of centers. 
The
  
circle is the bolt circle, or circle of centers. 

 reflect back 
reflect. ``It really was one of the
  smartest decisions I had ever made,'' she says,
  reflecting back on those days. 
``It really was one
  
of the smartest decisions I had ever made,'' she
  
says, reflecting on those days. ■ Reflecting back
  on my years at BB&N, I tried to understand why
  neither the school nor the parents were willing to
  give this case the publicity it deserved.
  
Reflecting on my years at BB&N, I tried to
  
understand why neither the school nor the parents
  
were willing to give this case the publicity it
  
deserved. 

 regard (regarding) 
about; as for; as to; for; in;
  
of; on; over; to; toward; with. New Jersey has no
  law regarding traffic circles.
 New Jersey has no
  
law on traffic circles. ■ Women do have some
  leeway regarding what we give up at various points
  in our lives. 
Women do have some leeway in what we
  
give up at various points in our lives. ■ Although
  we try to contact you regarding any significant
  medical treatment, it is not always possible.
  
Although we try to contact you about any
  
significant medical treatment, it is not always
  
possible. 

 regard as being 
regard as. 

 regardless of (what) 
despite (what); no matter
  
what; whatever. Regardless of a firm's individual
  situation, standardization possibilities,
  particularly in the context of product and
  advertising policy, should be carefully evaluated.
  
Whatever a firm's individual situation,
  
standardization possibilities, particularly in the
  
context of product and advertising policy, should
  
be carefully evaluated. ■ Regardless of the
  answers to these questions, some officials in the
  Pentagon and on Capitol Hill are already noting
  three lessons from the downing of the airliner.
  
Despite the answers to these questions, some
  
officials in the Pentagon and on Capitol Hill are
  
already noting three lessons from the downing of
  
the airliner. ■ Regardless of what women may
  accomplish one on one, the most effective agent for
  change is the company itself. 
No matter what women
  
may accomplish one on one, the most effective agent
  
for change is the company itself. 

 regardless of how 
despite how; however; no matter
  
how. Regardless of how you get there, once the
  document screen appears, you are ready to enter
  text. 
No matter how you get there, once the
  
document screen appears, you are ready to enter
  
text. ■ Regardless of how one estimates the
  enhanced services business, it is extremely
  important and clearly will become more so over the
  next decade. 
However one estimates the enhanced
  
services business, it is extremely important and
  
clearly will become more so over the next decade.
  ■ All lines and lettering must be absolutely black
  regardless of how fine the lines may be. 
All lines
  
and lettering must be absolutely black despite how
  
fine the lines may be. 

 regardless of the fact that 
although; but; even
  
though; still; though; yet. Because the aquarium
  is a private enterprise─regardless of the fact that
  it is nonprofit─such a transfer is not supposed to
  take place. 
Because the aquarium is a private
  
enterprise─even though it is nonprofit─such a
  
transfer is not supposed to take place. 

 regardless of when 
despite when; no matter when;
  
whenever. Both proposals would cover all capital
  assets regardless of when taxpayers bought them.
  
Both proposals would cover all capital assets
  
despite when taxpayers bought them. 

 regardless of where 
despite where; no matter
  
where; wherever. Visible soft hyphens appear on
  the screen and print out regardless of where they
  fall in the document. 
Visible soft hyphens appear
  
on the screen and print out wherever they fall in
  
the document. ■ Regardless of where he lived or
  went to school, he still might have committed this
  tragedy. 
No matter where he lived or went to
  
school, he still might have committed this tragedy.

 regardless of whether ... (or) 
despite whether; no
  
matter whether; whether ... or (not). Men's
  masculinity, looks, and concern about their
  appearance were rated the same regardless of
  whether lunch was a salad and coffee or a
  five-course extravaganza. 
Men's masculinity,
  
looks, and concern about their appearance were
  
rated the same whether lunch was a salad and coffee
  
or a five-course extravaganza. ■ Regardless of
  whether the reason is internal or external, it has
  an important bearing on the market-presence
  alternatives investigated. 
Whether the reason is
  
internal or external, it has an important bearing
  
on the market-presence alternatives investigated.
  ■ He would carry one crumpled tie around in his
  briefcase and pull it out for debates, regardless
  of whether it matched the rest of his wardrobe. 
He
  
would carry one crumpled tie around in his
  
briefcase and pull it out for debates, whether or
  
not it matched the rest of his wardrobe. ■ If a
  point is to be located at the midpoint of a line,
  it will be at the line's midpoint regardless of
  whether the line appears true length or
  foreshortened. 
If a point is to be located at the
  
midpoint of a line, it will be at the line's
  
midpoint whether the line appears true length or
  
foreshortened. 

 regardless of which 
despite which; no matter
  
which; whichever. The relative references to cell
  B8 in the original formula always refer to sales in
  the column to its left regardless of which cell it
  was copied to on the same row. 
The relative
  
references to cell B8 in the original formula
  
always refer to sales in the column to its left
  
despite which cell it was copied to on the same
  
row. ■ Regardless of which happens, you can change
  the result. 
Whichever happens, you can change the
  
result. 

 regardless of who 
despite who; no matter who;
  
whoever. Regardless of who we may be, we all have
  the right to economic opportunity. 
Whoever we may
  
be, we all have the right to economic opportunity.
  ■ Regardless of who decides, graphics is a primary
  means of presenting the proposed designs for a
  decision. 
No matter who decides, graphics is a
  
primary means of presenting the proposed designs
  
for a decision. ■ Regardless of who lives in the
  house and whether any of the exceptions apply, the
  state cannot force a sale of the house while the
  institutionalized person is alive. 
Despite who
  
lives in the house and whether any of the
  
exceptions apply, the state cannot force a sale of
  
the house while the institutionalized person is
  
alive. 

 regardless of whom 
despite whom; no matter whom;
  
whomever. Regardless of whom these books are meant
  for, I think they should be designed and developed
  to look and feel more accessible. 
Whomever these
  
books are meant for, I think they should be
  
designed and developed to look and feel more
  
accessible. 

 regular -(al)ly 
-(al)ly. We attend the regular
  monthly meeting of the BCS. 
We attend the monthly
  
meeting of the BCS. ■ Bond prices advanced
  yesterday as the government began its regular
  quarterly sale of new securities by auctioning
  $9.76 billion in new three-year notes. 
Bond prices
  
advanced yesterday as the government began its
  
quarterly sale of new securities by auctioning
  
$9.76 billion in new three-year notes. 

 regular routine 
routine. Hiring, training, and
  record-keeping are part of the regular routine for
  running any business. 
Hiring, training, and
  
record-keeping are part of the routine for running
  
any business. 

 reiterate 
iterate; repeat. Baker also reiterated
  his insistence that Bush would not debate before
  September 22. 
Baker also repeated his insistence
  
that Bush would not debate before September 22. 

 reiterate again (and again) 
iterate; reiterate;
  
repeat. 

 reject as untrue 
disbelieve. 

 relate 
say; tell. 

 relate back 
relate. 

 -related delete. Peter English, CEO of American
  Consulting Corp., foresees an explosion of
  education-related products, such as books and
  magazines. 
Peter English, CEO of American
  
Consulting Corp., foresees an explosion of
  
educational products, such as books and magazines.
  ■ This division provides telemarketing-related and
  other direct marketing services for clients in four
  areas. 
This division provides telemarketing and
  
other direct marketing services for clients in four
  
areas. ■ The main reason was that NYNEX would be
  selling a full and varied line of computer-related
  products and services. 
The main reason was that
  
NYNEX would be selling a full and varied line of
  
computer products and services. ■ Fewer than 15
  percent of visits to the clinic are for
  sexuality-related issues. 
Fewer than 15 percent of
  
visits to the clinic are for sexual issues. 

 relate (relating) to 
about; as for; as to;
  
concerning; for; in; of; on; over; regarding; to;
  
toward; with. We may add to the basic rental price
  any taxes or other governmental assessments
  relating to the use or operation of the postage
  meter or scale. 
We may add to the basic rental
  
price any taxes or other governmental assessments
  
on the use or operation of the postage meter or
  
scale. ■ The last complaint related to the market
  performance of Lotus' Jazz software and technical
  problems with Lotus' Symphony product. 
The last
  
complaint concerned the market performance of
  
Lotus' Jazz software and technical problems with
  
Lotus' Symphony product. ■ Morgan, who attributed
  the malaise in part to uncertainty related to the
  presidential election, predicted that the
  fourth-quarter median price could dip below the
  third-quarter benchmark of $184,100. 
Morgan, who
  
attributed the malaise in part to uncertainty over
  
the presidential election, predicted that the
  
fourth-quarter median price could dip below the
  
third-quarter benchmark of $184,100. 

 relationship 
bond; connection; link; relation;
  
tie. The photograph had no relationship to any of
  the elements of the story. 
The photograph had no
  
relation to any of the elements of the story. ■
  They found a relationship between age and
  risk-taking and also between age and the value
  placed on risk. 
They found a link between age and
  
risk-taking and also between age and the value
  
placed on risk. 

 relatively 
-(i)er; less; more. Lawyer Dukakis
  repeatedly has expressed disdain for the merger and
  acquisition business; oil man Bush seems to harbor
  relatively few such concerns. 
Lawyer Dukakis
  
repeatedly has expressed disdain for the merger and
  
acquisition business; oil man Bush seems to harbor
  
fewer such concerns. 

 relatively ... as compared to (with) 
compared to
  
(with). 

 relatively ... compared (contrasted) to (with)
  
compared (contrasted) to (with). Shrinkage
  remains relatively low, compared to mass retailing
  standards. 
Shrinkage remains low compared to mass
  
retailing standards.

 relatively -(i)er than (less than; more than)
  
-(i)er than (less than; more than); delete. This
  country is in relatively better shape than other
  major industrialized nations. 
This country is in
  
better shape than other major industrialized
  
nations. ■ Its real-estate portfolio grew
  relatively faster than anybody else's. 
Its
  
real-estate portfolio grew faster than anybody
  
else's. ■ Despite some changes over the years, the
  index places relatively more emphasis on
  manufacturing than on services. 
Despite some
  
changes over the years, the index places more
  
emphasis on manufacturing than on services. 

 relatively ... in comparison (in contrast) to
  (with) 
compared (contrasted) to (with). Solving
  the legal problems of partnerships is relatively
  simple in comparison to solving the problems of
  other types of ownership. 
Solving the legal
  
problems of partnerships is simple compared to
  
solving the problems of other types of ownership.

 relative to 
about; concerning; for; on; regarding.
  
She asked me questions relative to my feelings
  about administering heroin to relieve the
  excruciating pain of a terminal cancer victim. 
She
  
asked me questions on my feelings about
  
administering heroin to relieve the excruciating
  
pain of a terminal cancer victim. ■ Much has been
  said relative to the issuance of a standard
  employment contract to the executive director of
  the GLSD. 
Much has been said about the issuance of
  
a standard employment contract to the executive
  
director of the GLSD. 

 relative to 
against; alongside; beside; compared
  
to (with); -(i)er than; less; less than; more; more
  
than; next to; over; than; to; versus; vis-a-vis.
  
Relative to other societies, Brazil and the United
  States place considerable emphasis on youth.
  
Brazil and the United States place considerably
  
more emphasis on youth than other societies. ■
  Relative to other drugs, it's much less harmful.
  
It's much less harmful than other drugs. ■
  Although Siemens' digital exchange reached the
  worldwide market late relative to most other
  suppliers' digital switches, the company had begun
  ISDN R&D efforts early at the request of the West
  German Bundespost. 
Although Siemens' digital
  
exchange reached the worldwide market later than
  
most other suppliers' digital switches, the company
  
had begun ISDN R&D efforts early at the request of
  
the West German Bundespost. ■ During 1988, the
  stock market generated superior returns relative to
  bonds and cash equivalents. 
During 1988, the stock
  
market generated returns superior to bonds and cash
  
equivalents. 

 relic of the past 
relic. But for most people
  today, CP/M is an all-but-forgotten relic of the
  past which is just a few years old. 
But for most
  
people today, CP/M is an all-but-forgotten relic
  
which is just a few years old. ■ Expensive data
  storage, sluggish retrieval, and complex systems
  that overwhelm their would-be users are all relics
  of the past. 
Expensive data storage, sluggish
  
retrieval, and complex systems that overwhelm their
  
would-be users are all relics. 

 remainder 
remains; rest. No economic indicators
  are due for the remainder of the week. 
No economic
  
indicators are due for the rest of the week. 

 remains to be seen 
do not know; is not (now; yet)
  
known; is uncertain; is unclear; is unknown; is
  
unsure. But it remains to be seen whether the
  improved immune status will translate into
  significantly longer survival times. 
But whether
  
the improved immune status will translate into
  
significantly longer survival times is unclear. ■
  It remains to be seen if he can sustain a housing
  partnership. 
It's not yet known if he can sustain
  
a housing partnership. 

 remand back 
remand. 

 reminisce about the past 
reminisce. 

 remit back 
remit. 

 remittance 
cash; fee; money; pay; payment; wage.

 remunerate 
pay. 

 remuneration 
cash; fee; money; pay; payment;
  
reward; wage. 

 render 
act; do; give; make. The biggest question
  remaining about the use of phenethanolamines is
  whether the drugs will contaminate meat and render
  it unsafe for human consumption. 
The biggest
  
question remaining about the use of
  
phenethanolamines is whether the drugs will
  
contaminate meat and make it unsafe for human
  
consumption. 

 render assistance to 
help. 

 reoccur (reoccurrence) 
recur (recurrence). This
  behavior tends to reoccur every year. 
This
  
behavior tends to recur every year. ■ The problem
  with this approach is that the conflict may reoccur
  because its root cause has not been removed. 
The
  
problem with this approach is that the conflict may
  
recur because its root cause has not been removed.
  ■ It is even more important that more be done to
  protect them from the occurrence and reoccurrence
  of that which precipitates these disorders: sexual
  abuse. 
It is even more important that more be done
  
to protect them from the occurrence and recurrence
  
of that which precipitates these disorders: sexual
  
abuse. 

 repay back 
repay. 

 repeat again (and again) 
repeat. Single-use plans
  apply to activities that do not repeat again.
  
Single-use plans apply to activities that do not
  
repeat. ■ All of this is based on predictable
  behaviors that are repeated again and again in
  rather exact ways. 
All of this is based on
  
predictable behaviors that are repeated in rather
  
exact ways. 

 repeat back 
repeat. 

 repeat occurrence 
recurrence. What should he do
  so as not to have a repeat occurrence of this?
  
What should he do so as not to have a recurrence
  
of this? 

 repeat over (and over) 
repeat. A loop is a
  sequence of commands, the last of which refers the
  program back to the first so that the commands
  repeat over and over until stopped. 
A loop is a
  
sequence of commands, the last of which refers the
  
program back to the first so that the commands
  
repeat until stopped. 

 reply back 
reply. I sent her a letter and then
  waited two weeks for a reply back. 
I sent her a
  
letter and then waited two weeks for a reply. 

 report back 
report. The Insurance Division will
  report back to the high court within 30 days on
  whether to rehabilitate them in some ways or
  declare them insolvent. 
The Insurance Division
  
will report to the high court within 30 days on
  
whether to rehabilitate them in some ways or
  
declare them insolvent. ■ Trainees consistently
  report back that such rehearsals have a profound
  effect on their actual, on-the-job performance,
  long after the training ends. 
Trainees
  
consistently report that such rehearsals have a
  
profound effect on their actual, on-the-job
  
performance, long after the training ends. 

 represents 
is. These numbers represent the
  washer's inside diameter, outside diameter, and
  thickness. 
These numbers are the washer's inside
  
diameter, outside diameter, and thickness. ■
  Styles represent an easy way to attach a collection
  of formatting codes to various sections of text at
  once. 
Styles are an easy way to attach a
  
collection of formatting codes to various sections
  
of text at once. ■ We believe that our offer
  represents a fair price and is in the best interest
  of Pennwalt's shareholders. 
We believe that our
  
offer is a fair price and is in the best interest
  
of Pennwalt's shareholders. 

 require 
need. 

 requirement 
need. 

 requisite 
need. 

 reside 
dwell; live. I am now residing in New York
  City. 
I am now living in New York City. 

 residence 
home; house. 

 residual trace 
trace. She is still beautiful
  despite residual traces of a massive stroke
  suffered when she was three-months pregnant. 
She
  
is still beautiful despite traces of a massive
  
stroke suffered when she was three-months pregnant.

 resiliency 
resilience. 

 respective (respectively) delete. Microsoft hereby
  limits the duration of any implied warranty(ies) on
  the disk or such hardware to the respective periods
  stated above. 
Microsoft hereby limits the duration
  
of any implied warranty(ies) on the disk or such
  
hardware to the periods stated above. 

 respond back 
respond. I was disappointed the
  governor could not have responded back to me
  personally. 
I was disappointed the governor could
  
not have responded to me personally. 

 respond in the affirmative 
agree; say yes. We
  hope he will respond in the affirmative. 
We hope
  
he will say yes. 

 respond in the negative 
disagree; say no. 

 restore back 
restore. If something happens to the
  files on the disk that you back up, you can use the
  backup copies to restore files back onto it. 
If
  
something happens to the files on the disk that you
  
back up, you can use the backup copies to restore
  
files onto it. 

 rest up 
rest. 

 resultant 
(n) effect; result. 

 resultant effect 
effect; result. 

 resume again 
resume. 

 retain ... position as 
remain. 

 retreat back 
retreat. Having conquered consumer
  electronics, the Japanese firms are attacking in
  industrial electronics, and the American firms are
  once again in the process of retreating back to
  defense electronics to get those higher returns on
  investment. 
Having conquered consumer electronics,
  
the Japanese firms are attacking in industrial
  
electronics, and the American firms are once again
  
in the process of retreating to defense electronics
  
to get those higher returns on investment. 

 return back 
return. In the 1980s, we're returning
  back to the cultural norm of marriage and family.
  
In the 1980s, we're returning to the cultural norm
  
of marriage and family. ■ When it reaches the end
  of the line, a charge in voltage returns the beam
  back to the left side of the screen. 
When it
  
reaches the end of the line, a charge in voltage
  
returns the beam to the left side of the screen. 

 reuse again 
reuse. If you want to create more
  than one graph for a model so that you can reuse
  them again, what must you do? 
If you want to
  
create more than one graph for a model so that you
  
can reuse them, what must you do? 

 revert back 
revert. Some companies that encounter
  operational problems during an advanced stage may
  revert back to a previous stage. 
Some companies
  
that encounter operational problems during an
  
advanced stage may revert to a previous stage. ■
  It should be noted that the question of whether to
  revert back to private ownership came up before the
  unwelcome offer. 
It should be noted that the
  
question of whether to revert to private ownership
  
came up before the unwelcome offer. 

 right-hand 
right. If the company has a weak
  competitive position and the market opportunity is
  not great, then we would find ourselves down in the
  right-hand corner of this diagram. 
If the company
  
has a weak competitive position and the market
  
opportunity is not great, then we would find
  
ourselves down in the right corner of this diagram.

 root cause 
cause; reason; root; source. The
  agency was unable to pinpoint a common design flaw
  or manufacturing defect that could be the root
  cause for these unwanted acceleration incidents.
  
The agency was unable to pinpoint a common design
  
flaw or manufacturing defect that could be the
  
cause for these unwanted acceleration incidents. ■
  White-collar crimes, not poor economic conditions
  or deregulation, are the root cause of the S&L
  crisis. 
White-collar crimes, not poor economic
  
conditions or deregulation, are the root of the S&L
  
crisis. 

 rough sketch 
sketch. A rough sketch is made to
  indicate the type of illustration required and the
  method of reproduction to be used. 
A sketch is
  
made to indicate the type of illustration required
  
and the method of reproduction to be used. 

 routine procedure 
routine. There is a routine
  procedure that we follow. 
There is a routine that
  
we follow. 

 rules and regulations 
regulations; rules. Rules
  and regulations regarding the use of the library
  have been posted throughout the building. 
Rules
  
regarding the use of the library have been posted
  
throughout the building. ■ In order to help carry
  out the provisions of this Lease, the Landlord may
  issue rules and regulations for the benefit,
  safety, comfort, and convenience of all occupants
  of the Building. 
In order to help carry out the
  
provisions of this Lease, the Landlord may issue
  
regulations for the benefit, safety, comfort, and
  
convenience of all occupants of the Building. 

 run of the mill 
average; common; everyday;
  
mediocre; ordinary; typical; usual.

 S

 sad to relate (say) 
sadly. Sad to say,
  politicians who rely on certain familiar locutions
  to get around the predictable ridicule that this
  horn-tooting always provokes fare no better.
  
Sadly, politicians who rely on certain familiar
  
locutions to get around the predictable ridicule
  
that this horn-tooting always provokes fare no
  
better. ■ Sad to relate, some bicyclists have
  become a menace to pedestrian and motor vehicle
  traffic. 
Sadly, some bicyclists have become a
  
menace to pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic. 

 satirical 
satiric. 

 say, for example (for instance) 
for example (for
  
instance); say. She also predicted that readers
  will begin to see magazine advertisements that
  talk, say, for example, Lee Iacocca hawking
  Chrysler cars in his own voice. 
She also predicted
  
that readers will begin to see magazine
  
advertisements that talk, for example, Lee Iacocca
  
hawking Chrysler cars in his own voice. ■ Say, for
  example, you use a 12-percent home-equity loan to
  finance $10,000 of an automobile purchase. 
Say you
  
use a 12-percent home-equity loan to finance
  
$10,000 of an automobile purchase. 

 scatter in all (every) direction(s) 
scatter. 

 scream and yell 
scream; yell. 

 secondarily 
second. 

 secondly 
second. The emotionally maladjusted
  person, ``the neurotic,'' is in difficulty, first,
  because communication within himself has broken
  down and, secondly, because as a result of this his
  communication with others has been damaged. 
The
  
emotionally maladjusted person, ``the neurotic,''
  
is in difficulty, first, because communication
  
within himself has broken down and, second, because
  
as a result of this his communication with others
  
has been damaged. 

 second of all 
also; and; as well; besides; beyond
  
that (this); further; furthermore; in addition;
  
moreover; more than that (this); next; second;
  
still more; too; what is more. 

 seeing (as; as how; that) 
because; considering;
  
for; in that; since. Seeing as how I don't have
  any stamps, I'm going to deliver this myself.
  
Since I don't have any stamps, I'm going to
  
deliver this myself. 

 seek out 
seek. In most cases, we actively seek
  out foreign investment. 
In most cases, we actively
  
seek foreign investment. 

 seesaw back and forth (up and down) 
seesaw. The
  Hang Seng index seesawed back and forth last week
  as student demonstrations fueled speculation. 
The
  
Hang Seng index seesawed last week as student
  
demonstrations fueled speculation. 

 see where 
see (that). 

 (a; the) select number (of) 
few; select; two
  
(three). On occasion, countries impose
  prohibitions on capital flows and the importation
  of all, or a select number of, goods. 
On occasion,
  
countries impose prohibitions on capital flows and
  
the importation of all, or select, goods. 

 select out 
choose; pick out; select. The other
  approach, selecting out for doctors' treatment
  those at particularly high risk, is already well
  established, but it has limitations. 
The other
  
approach, selecting for doctors' treatment those at
  
particularly high risk, is already well
  
established, but it has limitations. 

 (my)self 
(I; me). Richard and myself are going to
  lunch. 
Richard and I are going to lunch. ■ Let's
  hope someone comes along, like myself, to take his
  place. 
Let's hope someone comes along, like me, to
  
take his place. ■ Very large people like yourself
  can eat tiny amounts of food and not lose an ounce.
  
Very large people like you can eat tiny amounts of
  
food and not lose an ounce. ■ We feel Mr.
  Roedler's comments do an injustice to collectors
  like ourselves who currently pay $1,500 to $2,000
  for radios of this type. 
We feel Mr. Roedler's
  
comments do an injustice to collectors like us who
  
currently pay $1,500 to $2,000 for radios of this
  
type. ■ Neither the mayor nor myself desires to
  comment on the status of the matter. 
Neither the
  
mayor nor I desire to comment on the status of the
  
matter. 

 selfsame 
same. 

 seminal fluid 
semen. There was a trace of seminal
  fluid on her clothing. 
There was a trace of semen
  
on her clothing. 

 (a) sense of delete. Our sense of foreboding grew
  as the afternoon wore on. 
Our foreboding grew as
  
the afternoon wore on. ■ You feel a sense of joy
  and fulfillment in pursuing your own interests.
  
You feel joy and fulfillment in pursuing your own
  
interests. ■ I feel a sense of relief. 
I feel
  
relief. ■ I felt a sense of helplessness when he
  beat me. 
I felt helpless when he beat me. ■ We
  all feel a sense of sadness at the loss of my
  father. 
We all feel sad at the loss of my father.
  ■ The teachers read to the children, talk with the
  children, help them observe and adapt to their
  surroundings, and encourage them to develop a sense
  of self-confidence. 
The teachers read to the
  
children, talk with the children, help them observe
  
and adapt to their surroundings, and encourage them
  
to develop self-confidence. 

 (five; many; several) separate 
(five; many;
  
several); separate. The report cites 171 separate
  studies, most of them conducted during the past
  decade, as references. 
The report cites 171
  
studies, most of them conducted during the past
  
decade, as references. 

 separate and apart 
apart; separate. We agreed
  that these issues ought to be separate and apart
  from the treaty. 
We agreed that these issues ought
  
to be separate from the treaty. ■ The government's
  acquisition regulations provide for a convoluted
  bid-evaluation scheme wherein bidders submit a
  price proposal separate and apart from a technical
  proposal. 
The government's acquisition regulations
  
provide for a convoluted bid-evaluation scheme
  
wherein bidders submit a price proposal separate
  
from a technical proposal. 

 separate and autonomous 
autonomous; separate. 

 separate and discrete 
discrete; separate. We
  found that 58 percent of respondent worksites had a
  separate and discrete unit that supports end-user
  computing. 
We found that 58 percent of respondent
  
worksites had a discrete unit that supports
  
end-user computing. 

 separate and distinct 
distinct; separate. Each of
  us has four separate and distinct vocabularies: a
  written, a spoken, a heard, and a visual
  vocabulary. 
Each of us has four distinct
  
vocabularies: a written, a spoken, a heard, and a
  
visual vocabulary. ■ Initially, the alternatives
  should be separate and distinct solutions to the
  problem. 
Initially, the alternatives should be
  
separate solutions to the problem. 

 separate and independent 
independent; separate.
  
Southern New England Telephone in Connecticut is a
  separate and independent company. 
Southern New
  
England Telephone in Connecticut is an independent
  
company. 

 separate and individual 
individual; separate. A
  Covered Person will be fully insured for benefits
  under the Policy while taking an airline trip only
  when the fare has been charged separately and
  individually to the Basic or Additional
  Cardmember's enrolled account. 
A Covered Person
  
will be fully insured for benefits under the Policy
  
while taking an airline trip only when the fare has
  
been charged separately to the Basic or Additional
  
Cardmember's enrolled account. 

 separate apart 
separate. 

 separate entity 
entity; separate. The artificial
  separation of these three dimensions is confusing
  when they are seen as three separate entities. 
The
  
artificial separation of these three dimensions is
  
confusing when they are seen as three entities. ■
  For years, our minds and bodies were seen as being
  separate entities. 
For years, our minds and bodies
  
were seen as being separate. 

 separate individual 
individual; separate.
  
Astronomers have long studied binary systems in
  which the stars are far enough apart and bright
  enough to be seen as separate individuals.
  
Astronomers have long studied binary systems in
  
which the stars are far enough apart and bright
  
enough to be seen as individuals. 

 separate out 
separate. We have a long history of
  the scientific establishment trying to separate out
  the research and development of a technology from
  its social application. 
We have a long history of
  
the scientific establishment trying to separate the
  
research and development of a technology from its
  
social application. 

 seriously addicted 
addicted. I was never
  seriously addicted to heroin. 
I was never addicted
  
to heroin. 

 serve up 
serve. Can I serve you up some quiche?
  
Can I serve you some quiche? 

 seventy-five (75) percent (of) 
three-fourths;
  
three-quarters. 

 shaken up 
shaken. 

 share (a; the) common 
share. We have to have
  people with whom we can share a common view of the
  world and not have to apologize for it. 
We have to
  
have people with whom we can share a view of the
  
world and not have to apologize for it. ■ Group
  action is possible in your meeting, even when
  everyone does not share a common understanding of
  the subject. 
Group action is possible in your
  
meeting, even when everyone does not share an
  
understanding of the subject. 

 share ... in common (with) 
share. U.S. research
  on global change shares something in common with
  the legendary horseman who roamed the hills of
  Washington Irving's Sleepy Hollow: They both appear
  to lack heads. 
U.S. research on global change
  
shares something with the legendary horseman who
  
roamed the hills of Washington Irving's Sleepy
  
Hollow: They both appear to lack heads. 

 share together 
share. If there is one commitment
  that defines him, it is the commitment that we
  share together. 
If there is one commitment that
  
defines him, it is the commitment that we share. 

 short and sweet 
brief; concise; pithy; short;
  
succinct; terse. 

 short and to the point 
brief; concise; pithy;
  
short; succinct; terse; to the point. 

 should ... then 
should. Should the Department of
  Public Utilities concur that the blame for these
  plant outages rests with Boston Edison, then the
  company's stockholders─not the customers─must
  absorb the costs. 
Should the Department of Public
  
Utilities concur that the blame for these plant
  
outages rests with Boston Edison, the company's
  
stockholders─not the customers─must absorb the
  
costs. 

 show (a; the) ... (of; to) delete. Figure 14.3
  shows a comparison of dimensions in millimeters
  with those in inches. 
Figure 14.3 compares
  
dimensions in millimeters with those in inches. ■
  The respondents preferred to retain but not retrain
  obsolete older employees and showed a tendency to
  withhold promotions from older workers. 
The
  
respondents preferred to retain but not retrain
  
obsolete older employees and tended to withhold
  
promotions from older workers. 

 shown at (in) 
at (in). The aperture cards shown
  in Figure 18.3 are data processing cards that can
  be catalogued by a computer. 
The aperture cards in
  
Figure 18.3 are data processing cards that can be
  
catalogued by a computer. ■ Each of the sequences
  shown at the right is an arithmetic sequence. 
Each
  
of the sequences at the right is an arithmetic
  
sequence. 

 shuttle back and forth between ... and 
shuttle
  
between ... and. From July 1987 until June 1988,
  he shuttled back and forth between San Francisco
  and the Urbana research facility to study the three
  bears. 
From July 1987 until June 1988, he shuttled
  
between San Francisco and the Urbana research
  
facility to study the three bears. 

 sick and tired 
annoyed; disgusted; sick; tired. 

 side by side (with) 
alongside; among; beside; next
  
to; with. 

 significance 
import; moment. 

 significant (substantial) 
ample; big; grand;
  
great; heavy; huge; immense; large; many; most;
  
much; vast. The region began the decade with a
  significant surplus of power. 
The region began the
  
decade with a large surplus of power. ■ The
  company believes this market offers substantial
  opportunities and may experience a 25-percent
  annual growth rate into the 1990s. 
The company
  
believes this market offers many opportunities and
  
may experience a 25-percent annual growth rate into
  
the 1990s. ■ Substantial benefits result from
  using any kind of LAN software. 
Ample benefits
  
result from using any kind of LAN software. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) amount (of) 
a
  
good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many (of);
  
almost all (of); considerable; many (of); most
  
(of); much (of); nearly all (of); vast. This
  difficulty is a major stumbling block, costing end
  users significant amounts of time and money. 
This
  
difficulty is a major stumbling block, costing end
  
users much time and money. ■ A lot of communities
  are going to want to build new schools, and it will
  add up to a significant amount of money. 
A lot of
  
communities are going to want to build new schools,
  
and it will add up to a great deal of money. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) degree (of) 
a
  
good (great) deal (of); considerable; great; much
  
(of); vast. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) element (of) 
a
  
good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many (of);
  
considerable; great; many (of); much (of); vast. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) fraction (of) 
a
  
good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many (of);
  
almost all (of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many (of);
  
most (of); much (of); nearly all (of); (43) of (48)
  
(of); ... percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds)
  
(of). A significant fraction of leading U.S.
  weapons production specialists met last weekend to
  discuss the proposal, with predictable results.
  
Six of ten leading U.S. weapons production
  
specialists met last weekend to discuss the
  
proposal, with predictable results. 

 significant importance 
consequence; importance;
  
significance. 

 significantly (substantially) 
a good (great) deal;
  
amply; far; greatly; largely; mostly; much; vastly.
  
The three studies identified fundamentally
  different groups of pill users in whom risk
  appeared significantly elevated. 
The three studies
  
identified fundamentally different groups of pill
  
users in whom risk appeared much elevated. ■ These
  results for these groups were substantially the
  same as for the control group. 
These results for
  
these groups were largely the same as for the
  
control group. ■ Two of the 13 had slightly higher
  earnings; only three did substantially better. 
Two
  
of the 13 had slightly higher earnings; only three
  
did far better. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) majority (of) 
a
  
good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many (of);
  
almost all (of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many (of);
  
most (of); much (of); nearly all (of); (43) of
  
(48); ... percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds)
  
(of). A substantial majority think certain reforms
  would improve the present primary system. 
Many
  
think certain reforms would improve the present
  
primary system. ■ The survey also indicated a
  substantial majority of Americans would oppose
  President Reagan for a third term if he could run
  again. 
The survey also indicated 52 percent of
  
Americans would oppose President Reagan for a third
  
term if he could run again. ■ Polls have shown for
  years that a substantial majority of Japanese want
  a revision of the antiquated tax system. 
Polls
  
have shown for years that most Japanese want a
  
revision of the antiquated tax system. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) minority (of)
  
almost half (of); fewer than half (of); (one) in
  
(three); less than half (of); nearly half (of);
  
(20) of (48) (of); one-third (one-fifth) (of); ...
  
percent (of). A significant minority of agents
  said that they would not sell the type of insurance
  our researchers requested in the amount they wanted
  to buy. 
Eighteen of fifty agents said that they
  
would not sell the type of insurance our
  
researchers requested in the amount they wanted to
  
buy. ■ Even among smokers, a significant minority
  are happier in smoke-free skies. 
Even among
  
smokers, nearly half are happier in smoke-free
  
skies. ■ The scientists conclude that SAD
  represents the extreme end of a spectrum of
  seasonal mood and behavior changes affecting a
  substantial minority of the population. 
The
  
scientists conclude that SAD represents the extreme
  
end of a spectrum of seasonal mood and behavior
  
changes affecting one-third of the population. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) number (of) 
a
  
good (great) many (of); almost all (of); countless;
  
dozens (of); hundreds (of); many (of); millions
  
(of); most (of); nearly all (of); numerous; scores
  
(of); six hundred (twelve hundred) (of); thousands
  
(of). If all goes as anticipated, Ford will sell a
  substantial number of expensive, European-made
  Fords to the Soviets. 
If all goes as anticipated,
  
Ford will sell thousands of expensive,
  
European-made Fords to the Soviets. ■ A
  significant number of by-pass operations are
  unnecessary. 
Many by-pass operations are
  
unnecessary. ■ A significant number of adults die
  from pneumonia each year. 
Scores of adults die
  
from pneumonia each year. ■ We did this because we
  received a substantial number of reports that the
  election was unfair. 
We did this because we
  
received hundreds of reports that the election was
  
unfair. ■ If we had an agreement to supply them
  with a substantial number of copies of the book, we
  would have to take into consideration their
  requirements. 
If we had an agreement to supply
  
them with 2,000 copies of the book, we would have
  
to take into consideration their requirements. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) part (of) 
a
  
good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many (of);
  
almost all (of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many (of);
  
most (of); much (of); nearly all (of); (43) of (48)
  
(of); ... percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds)
  
(of). Improvements in computerization would enable
  financial institutions to bring a substantial part
  of their services directly into the home.
  
Improvements in computerization would enable
  
financial institutions to bring many of their
  
services directly into the home. ■ Businessland
  Inc. says mice represent a substantial part of its
  computer accessories sales. 
Businessland Inc. says
  
mice represent 8 percent of its computer
  
accessories sales. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) percentage (of)
  
a good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many
  
(of); almost all (of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many
  
(of); most (of); much (of); nearly all (of); (43)
  
of (48) (of); ... percent (of); three-fourths
  
(two-thirds) (of). A significant percentage of
  criminals in New York are on drugs when they commit
  their crimes. 
Three in ten criminals in New York
  
are on drugs when they commit their crimes. ■ The
  drug can cause serious kidney damage and other side
  effects, and a substantial percentage of patients
  cannot absorb it. 
The drug can cause serious
  
kidney damage and other side effects, and many
  
patients cannot absorb it. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) portion (of) 
a
  
good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many (of);
  
almost all (of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many (of);
  
most (of); much (of); nearly all (of); (43) of (48)
  
(of); ... percent (of); three-fourths (two-thirds)
  
(of). The company said that a significant portion
  of the cuts will be achieved through early
  retirement. 
The company said that most of the cuts
  
will be achieved through early retirement. ■ A
  substantial portion of this investment was in the
  Japan market. 
Two-thirds of this investment was in
  
the Japan market. ■ Other developing nations also
  destroy substantial portions of their tree canopy
  each year. 
Other developing nations also destroy a
  
good deal of their tree canopy each year. ■ Known
  as the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary, this
  time marks the extinction of a significant portion
  of living species, including the dinosaurs. 
Known
  
as the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary, this
  
time marks the extinction of a great many living
  
species, including the dinosaurs. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) proportion (of)
  
a good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many
  
(of); almost all (of); (nine) in (ten) (of); many
  
(of); most (of); much (of); nearly all (of); (43)
  
of (48) (of); ... percent (of); three-fourths
  
(two-thirds) (of). West German and British firms
  also account for a significant proportion of U.S.
  patents. 
West German and British firms also
  
account for many U.S. patents. ■ One recent survey
  of investigators revealed that a substantial
  proportion of the studies involving clinical trials
  of a certain unspecified new therapy remained
  unpublished. 
One recent survey of investigators
  
revealed that one-third of the studies involving
  
clinical trials of a certain unspecified new
  
therapy remained unpublished. ■ The oxygen,
  carrying an energy of 3.2 trillion electron-volts,
  deposits a significant proportion of this energy
  into the excised material, creating the atomic
  equivalent of a fireball. 
The oxygen, carrying an
  
energy of 3.2 trillion electron-volts, deposits
  
much of this energy into the excised material,
  
creating the atomic equivalent of a fireball. 

 (a; the) significant (substantial) quantity (of) 
a
  
good (great) deal (of); a good (great) many (of);
  
almost all (of); dozens (of); hundreds (of); many
  
(of); millions (of); most (of); nearly all (of);
  
scores (of); six hundred (twelve hundred) (of);
  
thousands (of). 

 simple (and) fundamental 
fundamental; simple. We
  welcome the opportunity to present the following
  two descriptions of barriers and gateways to
  communication, in the thought that they may help to
  bring the problem down to earth and show what it
  means in terms of simple fundamentals. 
We welcome
  
the opportunity to present the following two
  
descriptions of barriers and gateways to
  
communication, in the thought that they may help to
  
bring the problem down to earth and show what it
  
means in terms of fundamentals. 

 simply and solely 
simply; solely. She was fired
  simply and solely on account of her sex. 
She was
  
fired solely on account of her sex. 

 simultaneously 
as one; at once; collectively;
  
concurrently; jointly; together. A collaborative
  work group is several people working on the same
  document simultaneously. 
A collaborative work
  
group is several people working on the same
  
document at once. 

 simultaneously ... while 
while. A dissemination
  system must simultaneously develop the capability
  of people at several levels through staff
  development and ongoing support while it works to
  create a context in schools, districts, and states.
  
A dissemination system must develop the capability
  
of people at several levels through staff
  
development and ongoing support while it works to
  
create a context in schools, districts, and states.

 simultaneous (simultaneously) with 
with. The
  selection of the media to be used for advertising
  campaigns needs to be done simultaneously with the
  development of message, theme, concepts, and copy.
  
The selection of the media to be used for
  
advertising campaigns needs to be done with the
  
development of message, theme, concepts, and copy.

 (ever) since that time 
since; since then. Since
  that time, much of what we know about mutation,
  speciation, and other genetic phenomena has been
  discovered with populations of fruit flies in
  nature and in the lab. 
Since then, much of what we
  
know about mutation, speciation, and other genetic
  
phenomena has been discovered with populations of
  
fruit flies in nature and in the lab. ■ Since that
  time, a lot has changed in my life. 
A lot has
  
since changed in my life. 

 (ever) since then 
since. Since then several
  states have passed laws against the misuse of
  sickle cell screening. 
Several states have since
  
passed laws against the misuse of sickle cell
  
screening. ■ Since then, he and his collaborators
  have found a second distant, faint galaxy similar
  to Malin 1 but only half as large. 
He and his
  
collaborators have since found a second distant,
  
faint galaxy similar to Malin 1 but only half as
  
large. 

 since ... then 
since. Since the suit makes no
  mention of a sexual relationship, then what we are
  talking about are the types of things two friends
  share. 
Since the suit makes no mention of a sexual
  
relationship, what we are talking about are the
  
types of things two friends share. 

 single best (biggest; fastest; greatest; largest;
  most) 
best (biggest; fastest; greatest; largest;
  
most). Our single biggest concern is the capacity
  issue. 
Our biggest concern is the capacity issue.
  ■ In the next chapter, we discuss planning the
  meeting, one of the single most important elements
  of meetings. 
In the next chapter, we discuss
  
planning the meeting, one of the most important
  
elements of meetings. ■ Since the single fastest
  growing group of all workers is female, it is
  interesting that day care is not more widespread.
  
Since the fastest growing group of all workers is
  
female, it is interesting that day care is not more
  
widespread. 

 sink down 
sink. 

 (a; the) -sion (-tion) of (that; to) 
-ing. The
  essence of consumer finance marketing strategy is
  the realization that 
how a loan product is
  explained or delivered is much more significant
  than 
what the credit product is. 
The essence of
  
consumer finance marketing strategy is realizing
  
that how
 a loan product is explained or delivered
  
is much more significant than what
 the credit
  
product is. ■ Determination of consumer's needs
  requires greater attention. 
Determining consumer's
  
needs requires greater attention. ■ Their
  subordinates are nonmanagement workers─the group on
  which management depends for the execution of their
  plans. 
Their subordinates are nonmanagement
  
workers─the group on which management depends for
  
executing their plans. ■ Another important
  analysis using internal customer data is the
  estimation of the revenue or profit impact of
  current strategies. 
Another important analysis
  
using internal customer data is estimating the
  
revenue or profit impact of current strategies. ■
  Self-improvement and career planning both begin
  with an identification of your skills.
  
Self-improvement and career planning both begin
  
with identifying your skills. ■ It seems to me
  that our Legislature, which has an interest not
  only in the preservation of the health of its
  citizens but also in the prevention of illness,
  should discuss and develop legislation banning
  polystyrene for uses that are not essential. 
It
  
seems to me that our Legislature, which has an
  
interest not only in preserving the health of its
  
citizens but also in preventing illness, should
  
discuss and develop legislation banning polystyrene
  
for uses that are not essential. 

 situated delete. Many of the hospital incinerators
  are situated in heavily populated areas. 
Many of
  
the hospital incinerators are in heavily populated
  
areas. ■ A smaller basin of about 500 meters is
  situated behind the main harbor and is the focus of
  future excavations. 
A smaller basin of about 500
  
meters is behind the main harbor and is the focus
  
of future excavations. 

 (a; the) ... situation delete. The robber had no
  intention of turning it into a hostage situation.
  
The robber had no intention of taking hostages. ■
  Because of her pregnancy situation, I decided to
  leave the priesthood. 
Because of her pregnancy, I
  
decided to leave the priesthood. ■ We are in a
  crisis situation. 
We are in a crisis. ■ This is
  the normal situation. 
This is normal. ■ It wasn't
  a love situation. 
It wasn't love. ■ Several
  factors came together during that decade to create
  a situation that changed the traditional
  distribution methods. 
Several factors came
  
together during that decade to change the
  
traditional distribution methods. ■ Situations
  that may trigger attacks of ulcerative colitis are
  rape, birth of a deformed child, an operation,
  moving, divorce, changing jobs, death of a
  significant other, and school exams. 
Rape, birth
  
of a deformed child, an operation, moving, divorce,
  
changing jobs, death of a significant other, and
  
school exams may trigger attacks of ulcerative
  
colitis. ■ If he doesn't do something, it could be
  an embarrassing situation for him. 
If he doesn't
  
do something, it could be embarrassing for him. 

 skilled craftsman (craftswoman) 
craftsman
  
(craftswoman). High wages ensure skilled craftsmen
  will work on public projects, saving money in the
  long run on repairing shoddy work. 
High wages
  
ensure craftsmen will work on public projects,
  
saving money in the long run on repairing shoddy
  
work. 

 skirt around 
skirt. 

 slight trace 
trace. 

 (a; the) small (tiny) amount (degree; part;
  percentage; portion; proportion; quantity) (of) 
a
  
couple (of); a few (of); a handful (of); fewer than
  
half (of); hardly any (of); (one) in (ten) (of);
  
less than half (of); not many (of); (9) of (48)
  
(of); one or two (two or three) (of); one-third
  
(one-fifteenth) (of); ... percent (of); scarcely
  
any (of). Only a very small percentage of people,
  the innovators, are willing to try the product when
  it is first available. 
Only a few people, the
  
innovators, are willing to try the product when it
  
is first available. ■ Only a small percentage of
  the state's bridges will be repaired. 
Only
  
one-fourth of the state's bridges will be
  
repaired. ■ Of the estimated 10 percent of
  Americans who have a drinking problem at some time
  in their lives, only a tiny proportion receive
  treatment. 
Of the estimated 10 percent of
  
Americans who have a drinking problem at some time
  
in their lives, only one in twenty receives
  
treatment. 

 (a; the) smaller (tinier) amount (degree; part;
  percentage; portion; proportion; quantity) (of)
  
less. The net result is that under the new law,
  most people will pay a smaller part of their
  taxable income to the government─although more of
  their income may be taxable. 
The net result is
  
that under the new law, most people will pay less
  
of their taxable income to the government─although
  
more of their income may be taxable. ■ Americans
  are spending a smaller percentage of their incomes
  on food than ever before. 
Americans are spending
  
less of their incomes on food than ever before. 

 (a; the) smaller (tinier) number (of) 
fewer. One
  option calls for a smaller number of programs
  earmarked for ``multiyear'' funding, a method of
  saving money over the long haul by spending more
  money up front. 
One option calls for fewer
  
programs earmarked for ``multiyear'' funding, a
  
method of saving money over the long haul by
  
spending more money up front. ■ The instructor
  would back off, slow down, and give students a
  chance to follow and absorb the development of a
  smaller number of scientific ideas. 
The instructor
  
would back off, slow down, and give students a
  
chance to follow and absorb the development of
  
fewer scientific ideas. 

 (a; the) small (tiny) fraction (of) 
a couple (of);
  
a few (of); a handful (of); fewer than half (of);
  
hardly any (of); (one) in (ten) (of); less than
  
half (of); not many (of); (9) of (48) (of); one or
  
two (two or three) (of); one-third (one-fifteenth)
  
(of); ... percent (of); scarcely any (of). His
  deputy sold only a small fraction of his stock, not
  one-third as reported. 
His deputy sold only
  
one-twelfth of his stock, not one-third as
  
reported. ■ Robots will replace only a tiny
  fraction of the estimated 131 million people in the
  U.S. labor force by 1997. 
Robots will replace only
  
7 percent of the estimated 131 million people in
  
the U.S. labor force by 1997. ■ Nearly all
  Americans are aware of the crisis in the nation's
  savings and loan industry, but only a small
  fraction are withdrawing their money. 
Nearly all
  
Americans are aware of the crisis in the nation's
  
savings and loan industry, but only a few are
  
withdrawing their money. 

 (a; the) small (tiny) minority (of) 
a couple (of);
  
a few (of); a handful (of); fewer than half (of);
  
hardly any (of); (one) in (ten) (of); less than
  
half (of); not many (of); (9) of (48) (of); one or
  
two (two or three) (of); one-third (one-fifteenth)
  
(of); ... percent (of); scarcely any (of). His
  organization, which represents a small minority of
  farmers, also is concerned that licenses to use
  transgenic patents may be affordable only to large
  agribusiness and supermarket chain companies. 
His
  
organization, which represents a handful of
  
farmers, also is concerned that licenses to use
  
transgenic patents may be affordable only to large
  
agribusiness and supermarket chain companies. ■ A
  small minority may be troubled or are
  troublemakers. 
A few may be troubled or are
  
troublemakers. 

 (a; the) small (tiny) number (of) 
a couple; a few;
  
hardly any; not many; one or two (two or three);
  
two; scarcely any. Many observers believe that by
  the turn of the century only a small number of
  giant financial supermarkets will cover the range
  of financial services. 
Many observers believe that
  
by the turn of the century only eight giant
  
financial supermarkets will cover the range of
  
financial services. ■ Over the last year, only a
  small number of Arab leaders have been moderate in
  their views of Israel. 
Over the last year, not
  
many Arab leaders have been moderate in their views
  
of Israel. ■ Most S&Ls operate only a small number
  of offices and thus compete in narrow geographic
  markets. 
Most S&Ls operate only two or three
  
offices and thus compete in narrow geographic
  
markets. 

 small (tiny) particle 
particle. With the high
  speeds and small spaces involved, even a small
  particle can cause the read/write head to crash.
  
With the high speeds and small spaces involved,
  
even a particle can cause the read/write head to
  
crash. 

 small (tiny) peccadillo 
peccadillo. 

 small-size(d) 
small. 

 so as to 
to. Salespeople often make their
  estimates low so as to keep their sales quotas down
  and make them easier to attain. 
Salespeople often
  
make their estimates low to keep their sales quotas
  
down and make them easier to attain. ■ The
  infectious code was written so as to exploit
  several bugs in two commonly used computer
  programs. 
The infectious code was written to
  
exploit several bugs in two commonly used computer
  
programs. 

 sociological 
sociologic. 

 so consequently 
consequently; hence; so; then;
  
therefore; thus. 

 some but not all 
a few; several; some. Some
  studies, but not all, found cancerous tumors in
  rats and mice fed dye chemicals. 
Some studies
  
found cancerous tumors in rats and mice fed dye
  
chemicals. 

 some day (time) in the future 
at length;
  
eventually; in due time; in the end; in time;
  
later; one day; over the months (years); over time;
  
someday; sometime; ultimately; with time; yet. If
  Greek is something that is resented by the
  American-born generations, the church will remain
  Greek Orthodox even though the language may be
  changed some day in the future. 
If Greek is
  
something that is resented by the American-born
  
generations, the church will remain Greek Orthodox
  
even though the language may be changed someday. ■
  Some time in the future, the problems could
  precipitate a crisis─a run on the dollar, a decline
  in living standards─the price the United States
  must pay for its profligacy. 
Eventually, the
  
problems could precipitate a crisis─a run on the
  
dollar, a decline in living standards─the price the
  
United States must pay for its profligacy. 

 somehow or other 
in some way; somehow; someway(s).
  
Somehow or other, people get used to a system,
  even if it takes a little time. 
Somehow, people
  
get used to a system, even if it takes a little
  
time. 

 someplace (somewhere) else 
elsewhere. The meeting
  should run no more than two or three hours, provide
  obvious benefits for being there instead of
  somewhere else, and have built-in breaks at regular
  intervals. 
The meeting should run no more than two
  
or three hours, provide obvious benefits for being
  
there instead of elsewhere, and have built-in
  
breaks at regular intervals. 

 something like 
or so; some. Pensions and Social
  Security may provide, on average, something like 60
  percent of the household's prior working income.
  
Pensions and Social Security may provide, on
  
average, some 60 percent of the household's prior
  
working income. 

 something (somewhat) of a 
a; delete.  He takes
  superpower diplomacy seriously, which makes him
  something of an oddity in the Reagan
  Administration, and he derives satisfaction from
  its skillful practice. 
He takes superpower
  
diplomacy seriously, which makes him an oddity in
  
the Reagan Administration, and he derives
  
satisfaction from its skillful practice. ■ He is
  somewhat of a skeptic. 
He is skeptical. ■ Yale
  University's School of Organization and Management
  has become something of an embarrassment to the
  university. 
Yale University's School of
  
Organization and Management has become an
  
embarrassment to the university. 

 somewhat delete. Following these steps can help
  make a difficult project somewhat more manageable.
  
Following these steps can help make a difficult
  
project more manageable. ■ The reference in the
  other direction may be somewhat less clear. 
The
  
reference in the other direction may be less clear.

 somewhere along the line (the way) 
at some point;
  
at some time. Somewhere along the way, people got
  the idea that biotechnology is a magic solution to
  the food problem. 
At some point, people got the
  
idea that biotechnology is a magic solution to the
  
food problem. ■ Since becoming adults, it seems as
  if somewhere along the line we surrendered
  independence to predators. 
Since becoming adults,
  
it seems as if at some time we surrendered
  
independence to predators. 

 somewhere around (round) 
or so; some. 

 sooner or later 
eventually; ultimately; yet. 

 sort of delete. I'm sort of curious to find out
  what your thoughts are. 
I'm curious to find out
  
what your thoughts are. ■ America has for 20 years
  now been seeing sort of a rise in the exploration
  of roots and examination of cultural traditions.
  
America has for 20 years now been seeing a rise in
  
the exploration of roots and examination of
  
cultural traditions. 

 so therefore 
hence; so; then; therefore; thus. 

 space-consuming 
big; bulky; huge; large; massive.
  
Second best are fire-resistant, locked files,
  which are expensive, heavy, and space consuming.
  
Second best are fire-resistant, locked files,
  
which are expensive, heavy, and bulky. 

 speaking to 
about; as for; as to; for; in; of; on;
  
over; to; toward; with. 

 speciality 
specialty. 

 specifically prescribe 
prescribe; specific.
  
Verbal and unsigned instructions should be handled
  in a specifically prescribed manner. 
Verbal and
  
unsigned instructions should be handled in a
  
prescribed manner. 

 springtime 
spring. 

 stall for time 
stall. 

 stand in (marked; sharp) contrast to 
clash with;
  
conflict with; contest; contradict; contrast with;
  
differ from; disagree with; dispute; oppose. That
  view stands in sharp contrast to those expressed by
  legislators and state business leaders. 
That view
  
sharply differs from those expressed by legislators
  
and state business leaders. 

 stand in need of 
need; require. The country
  stands in need of a strong gesture in support of
  both science and education. 
The country needs a
  
strong gesture in support of both science and
  
education. 

 stand in opposition to 
conflict with; contest;
  
disagree with; disapprove of; dispute; object to;
  
oppose; protest; resist. 

 stand in support of 
back; endorse; favor; prefer;
  
support. With only 8 of the 1,176 voting delegates
  refusing to stand in support of the election, it
  appears Lee may have won the mandate he has been
  seeking. 
With only 8 of the 1,176 voting delegates
  
refusing to support the election, it appears Lee
  
may have won the mandate he has been seeking. 

 stand in the way of 
block; frustrate; hinder;
  
impede; interfere with; obstruct; prevent; thwart.
  
The public health threat posed by AIDS is so great
  that we must find ways to overcome social and
  cultural taboos that stand in the way of improved
  AIDS prevention. 
The public health threat posed by
  
AIDS is so great that we must find ways to overcome
  
social and cultural taboos that thwart improved
  
AIDS prevention. 

 start off (out) 
start. Let me start out with you,
  Ginny. 
Let me start with you, Ginny. ■ It started
  out as a feud between my mother and wife. 
It
  
started as a feud between my mother and wife. 

 (a; the) ... state of delete. There was a
  continuous state of turmoil. 
There was continuous
  
turmoil. ■ All cultural dimensions of a society
  and individuals are in a constant state of flux.
  
All cultural dimensions of a society and
  
individuals are in constant flux. 

 stereotypical 
stereotypic. These theorists
  believe women have been taught and conditioned in
  stereotypical role behavior that predisposes them
  to the development of agoraphobia. 
These theorists
  
believe women have been taught and conditioned in
  
stereotypic role behavior that predisposes them to
  
the development of agoraphobia. 

 stick-to-it-iveness 
determination; perseverance;
  
persistence; resolve; tenacity. Loyalty, empathy,
  diligence, and stick-to-it-iveness are highly
  regarded, whether in a co-worker or a friend.
  
Loyalty, empathy, diligence, and resolve are
  
highly regarded, whether in a co-worker or a
  
friend. 

 still and all 
even so; still; yet. 

 still continue (endure; last; persevere; persist;
  prevail; remain; survive) 
continue (endure; last;
  
persevere; persist; prevail; remain; survive);
  
still. The department has set up an internal
  review process to deal with some of these cases,
  but problems still persist. 
The department has set
  
up an internal review process to deal with some of
  
these cases, but problems persist. ■ The fact
  still remains that there is a serious question as
  to whether there was a valid agreement of option to
  lease the land. 
The fact remains that there is a
  
serious question as to whether there was a valid
  
agreement of option to lease the land. ■
  Unfortunately, that attitude still prevails today.
  
Unfortunately, that attitude prevails today. ■
  And even after revamping their plans, many hotels
  still continue to restrict some awards. 
And even
  
after revamping their plans, many hotels still
  
restrict some awards. 

 still in existence 
current; extant; surviving. 

 stoical 
stoic. 

 straight horizontal (vertical) 
horizontal
  
(vertical). 

 strange to relate (say) 
oddly; strangely. Strange
  to say, that interest does not seem to be more than
  a few hundred years old. 
Strangely, that interest
  
does not seem to be more than a few hundred years
  
old. 

 strangle to death 
strangle. 

 stressed out 
stressed. 

 strong point (suit) 
forte. 

 student body 
students. In the view of the student
  body, this policy came out of nowhere. 
In the view
  
of the students, this policy came out of nowhere.

 study up 
study. 

 subject area (field; matter) 
area; field; subject;
  
theme; topic. Each new title is arranged by
  subject area. 
Each new title is arranged by
  
subject. ■ The subject matter is complex and
  beyond the intended scope of this course. 
The
  
topic is complex and beyond the intended scope of
  
this course. ■ Each Abstract Newsletter cites
  current materials in the subject area covered by
  the newsletter. 
Each Abstract Newsletter cites
  
current materials in the area covered by the
  
newsletter. ■ Patents are filed in the Search Room
  of the PTO by classes and subclasses according to
  subject matter. 
Patents are filed in the Search
  
Room of the PTO by classes and subclasses according
  
to subject. 

 subject of conversation (discussion) 
subject;
  
theme; topic. The extraordinary appeal became the
  main subject of discussion at the summit meeting.
  
The extraordinary appeal became the main topic at
  
the summit meeting. 

 subsequently 
after; afterward; later; since
  
(then); then. Subsequently, I heard a loud screech
  of brakes. 
Afterward, I heard a loud screech of
  
brakes. ■ We subsequently changed our strategy for
  the plan you mentioned and ended up with impressive
  results. 
We then changed our strategy for the plan
  
you mentioned and ended up with impressive
  
results. ■ He resigned his positions in 1963 and
  was subsequently jailed. 
He resigned his positions
  
in 1963 and was later jailed. 

 subsequent to (that; this) 
after; afterward;
  
later; since (then); then. Subsequent to that, I
  had surgery to remove half of my stomach.
  
Afterward, I had surgery to remove half of my
  
stomach. ■ The suit stems from Lotus' public
  announcement last year that Release 3 would ship in
  the second quarter of 1988, and subsequent to
  missing the delivery date, that the product would
  ship no later than December 31, 1988. 
The suit
  
stems from Lotus' public announcement last year
  
that Release 3 would ship in the second quarter of
  
1988, and after missing the delivery date, that the
  
product would ship no later than December 31, 1988.

 subsequent to the time (of; that; when) 
after;
  
following. The stock can be transferred any time
  subsequent to the time that a person actually
  receives it. 
The stock can be transferred any time
  
after a person actually receives it. 

 substantiality 
substance. Jackson has exhibited a
  remarkable degree of substantiality and common
  sense. 
Jackson has exhibited a remarkable degree
  
of substance and common sense. 

 substantiate 
back up; confirm; prove; support;
  
verify. Recent studies clearly substantiate the
  health and economic advantage of car safety seat
  belts. 
Recent studies clearly confirm the health
  
and economic advantage of car safety seat belts. 

 substantive 
ample; big; grand; great; heavy; huge;
  
immense; large; many; most; much; vast. The recent
  improvement in the economic well-being of most
  nations occurred without substantive change in the
  physical bulk or weight of gross national product.
  
The recent improvement in the economic well-being
  
of most nations occurred without much change in the
  
physical bulk or weight of gross national product.

 succumb to injuries 
die. 

 such as 
like. Posttraumatic stress disorder is
  less severe after a natural disaster such as an
  earthquake or a flood. 
Posttraumatic stress
  
disorder is less severe after a natural disaster
  
like an earthquake or a flood. ■ I have a lot of
  admiration for actors such as them. 
I have a lot
  
of admiration for actors like them. 

 such as ... and others (and so forth; and so on; and
  such; and the like; et al.; etc.) 
and others (and
  
so forth; and so on; and such; and the like; et
  
al.; etc.); such as. You can explore the results
  of various approaches such as gross margin, markup
  over cost, and others. 
You can explore the results
  
of various approaches such as gross margin and
  
markup over cost. ■ The MLI commands perform such
  standard file-handling chores as opening, reading,
  writing, closing, and so forth. 
The MLI commands
  
perform such standard file-handling chores as
  
opening, reading, writing, and closing. ■
  Grass-roots budgeting asks each manager to project
  his or her unit's need for funds in specific
  categories─such as wages, salaries, supplies, etc.
  
Grass-roots budgeting asks each manager to project
  
his or her unit's need for funds in specific
  
categories─wages, salaries, supplies, etc. ■ One
  seemingly good argument for a network─several users
  need to share costly peripherals such as laser
  printers, plotters, scanning devices, and the
  like─probably isn't a good argument because of the
  many codes and protocols with which different
  software communicate to the same devices. 
One
  
seemingly good argument for a network─several users
  
need to share costly peripherals such as laser
  
printers, plotters, and scanning devices─probably
  
isn't a good argument because of the many codes and
  
protocols with which different software communicate
  
to the same devices. 

 such as ... for example (for instance) 
as; for
  
example (for instance); like; such as. One of the
  book's main themes is the ``fact'' that women were
  responsible for all the important contributions to
  the advancement of civilization (such as the
  development of agriculture, for instance), often
  despite the arrogance and stupidity of men. 
One of
  
the book's main themes is the ``fact'' that women
  
were responsible for all the important
  
contributions to the advancement of civilization
  
(such as the development of agriculture), often
  
despite the arrogance and stupidity of men. 

 such as (your)self 
like (you). It's very rare
  that we have an opportunity to talk to someone such
  as yourself. 
It's very rare that we have an
  
opportunity to talk to someone like you. 

 such is the case 
so it is. Such was the case when
  Congress sought to save us from a few financial
  institutions who were unfairly delaying credit for
  consumer check deposits. 
So it was when Congress
  
sought to save us from a few financial institutions
  
who were unfairly delaying credit for consumer
  
check deposits. 

 suddenly and without warning 
suddenly; without
  
warning. Survivors said the pier in Butterworth,
  180 miles northwest of Kuala Lumpur, collapsed
  suddenly and without warning yesterday. 
Survivors
  
said the pier in Butterworth, 180 miles northwest
  
of Kuala Lumpur, collapsed suddenly yesterday. 

 sufficient (sufficiently) 
due (duly); enough.
  
Bright ideas alone are not sufficient. 
Bright
  
ideas alone are not enough. ■ Since responsibility
  is assigned not to individuals but to the group,
  members may not devote sufficient time and effort
  to the task. 
Since responsibility is assigned not
  
to individuals but to the group, members may not
  
devote due time and effort to the task. ■ A
  proposed design must be sufficiently strong to
  support the maximum design load that can be
  anticipated. 
A proposed design must be strong
  
enough to support the maximum design load that can
  
be anticipated. ■ Significant escalations in
  mortality rates are easily achievable by
  sufficiently motivated individuals. 
Significant
  
escalations in mortality rates are easily
  
achievable by duly motivated individuals. 

 (a; the) sufficient amount (of) 
due; enough.
  
Western support of my rule had always been
  tempered by a need to exercise a sufficient amount
  of control. 
Western support of my rule had always
  
been tempered by a need to exercise due control. ■
  It's time we include a sufficient amount of money
  in the state budget for snow removal. 
It's time we
  
include enough money in the state budget for snow
  
removal. 

 sufficient (sufficiently) enough 
duly; enough.
  
All companies involved in foreign marketing must
  distribute their products in markets that differ
  sufficiently enough from one another to warrant the
  development of individualized distribution systems
  and strategies. 
All companies involved in foreign
  
marketing must distribute their products in markets
  
that differ enough from one another to warrant the
  
development of individualized distribution systems
  
and strategies. 

 (a; the) sufficient number (of) 
enough; five
  
(ninety). The proposed changes to the Marine
  Mammal Protection Act would not provide for a
  sufficient number of federal observers to ride on
  tuna boats and monitor fishing techniques. 
The
  
proposed changes to the Marine Mammal Protection
  
Act would not provide for fifty federal observers
  
to ride on tuna boats and monitor fishing
  
techniques. ■ If it gains the sufficient number of
  signatures to qualify, we'll have to watch it even
  more carefully. 
If it gains enough signatures to
  
qualify, we'll have to watch it even more
  
carefully. 

 sum (summary) and substance 
center; core; crux;
  
essence; gist; heart; pith; substance; sum;
  
summary. He asked, in summary and substance,
  whether GAF wanted to have Union Carbide close at a
  specific price for several days in a row. 
He
  
asked, in essence, whether GAF wanted to have Union
  
Carbide close at a specific price for several days
  
in a row. 

 summation 
sum; total. The summation of these
  products is 4320.154. 
The sum of these products is
  
4320.154. ■ The magnitude of the resultant of the
  loads is the summation of the vertical downward
  forces, or the distance from A to D. 
The magnitude
  
of the resultant of the loads is the sum of the
  
vertical downward forces, or the distance from A to
  
D. 

 summertime 
summer. Even in summertime, snow
  sometimes occurs high up in rain clouds, and the
  flakes can terminate the arc of a rainbow. 
Even in
  
summer, snow sometimes occurs high up in rain
  
clouds, and the flakes can terminate the arc of a
  
rainbow. 

 summing up 
in brief; in fine; in short; in sum.
  
Summing up, I feel strongly that my criteria
  capture the characteristics of firms that are
  likely to be successful in the Information Age,
  i.e., firms that impatiently look for ways to give
  information users the best that science and
  technology make possible. 
In sum, I feel strongly
  
that my criteria capture the characteristics of
  
firms that are likely to be successful in the
  
Information Age, i.e., firms that impatiently look
  
for ways to give information users the best that
  
science and technology make possible. 

 sum total 
sum; total. Women have always commanded
  over half the sum total of human intelligence and
  creativity. 
Women have always commanded over half
  
the total of human intelligence and creativity. 

 sum up 
add; sum; total. 

 superimpose one ... on top of (over) another (the
  other) 
superimpose. Overlays allow you to
  superimpose one data range on top of another.
  
Overlays allow you to superimpose data ranges. 

 surrounded on all sides 
surrounded. 

 swallow down 
swallow. 

 switch over 
switch. School systems in Maryland
  and California tried to switch over after the 1975
  legislation and had trouble when students did not
  receive enough reinforcement outside their
  classrooms to get acclimated to metric. 
School
  
systems in Maryland and California tried to switch
  
after the 1975 legislation and had trouble when
  
students did not receive enough reinforcement
  
outside their classrooms to get acclimated to
  
metric. 

 symbolical 
symbolic. 

 symmetrical 
symmetric. 

 symptomatize 
symptomize. 

 systematical 
systematic.

 T

 tailor-made 
custom; tailored. The event seemed
  tailor-made to give the vice president the upper
  hand. 
The event seemed tailored to give the vice
  
president the upper hand. ■ A growing parade of
  ``new'' genetically engineered animals is likely to
  move from the laboratory to the barnyard in the
  next decade or so, dramatically altering U.S.
  farming and bringing tailor-made food products to
  the table. 
A growing parade of ``new'' genetically
  
engineered animals is likely to move from the
  
laboratory to the barnyard in the next decade or
  
so, dramatically altering U.S. farming and bringing
  
custom food products to the table. 

 take account for (of) 
allow for; consider; provide
  
for; reckon with; regard; weigh. But HMO officials
  say that current reimbursements fail to take
  account for medical inflation. 
But HMO officials
  
say that current reimbursements fail to allow for
  
medical inflation. 

 take action (to) 
act; delete. Directors need to
  be well informed to feel comfortable when taking an
  action on behalf of the bank. 
Directors need to be
  
well informed to feel comfortable when acting on
  
behalf of the bank. ■ He said Nicaragua would take
  action to defend the rights of ambassadors. 
He
  
said Nicaragua would defend the rights of
  
ambassadors. ■ If we are to save the right whales,
  we will have to take action. 
If we are to save the
  
right whales, we will have to act. ■ The
  Legislature must take action to stop the insurance
  companies from reaching into our pockets every time
  they perceive the loss of a dime. 
The Legislature
  
must act to stop the insurance companies from
  
reaching into our pockets every time they perceive
  
the loss of a dime. 

 take ... action (on; to) 
act -(al)ly; delete.
  The operator has to determine the cause of the
  deviation and then take corrective action. 
The
  
operator has to determine the cause of the
  
deviation and then correct it. ■ In caring
  relationships, nurses are motivated to take
  appropriate actions on behalf of clients. 
In
  
caring relationships, nurses are motivated to act
  
appropriately on behalf of clients. ■ He issued a
  statement calling on the NRC to take immediate
  action to correct deficiencies identified in the
  report. 
He issued a statement calling on the NRC
  
to act immediately to correct deficiencies
  
identified in the report. 

 take advantage of 
abuse; cheat; deceive; exploit;
  
ill-treat; mistreat; misuse; use; victimize; wrong.
  
He took advantage of her good nature. 
He
  
exploited her good nature. ■ What was important
  was that the minority shareholders collectively
  should not be taken advantage of. 
What was
  
important was that the minority shareholders
  
collectively should not be mistreated. 

 take advantage of 
benefit from; gain; profit by;
  
reap. Already frustrated over low pay, long hours
  and limited responsibilities, most work for
  ``pools'' to take advantage of flexible hours and
  to augment their salaries. 
Already frustrated over
  
low pay, long hours and limited responsibilities,
  
most work for ``pools'' to benefit from flexible
  
hours and to augment their salaries. ■ There are
  several easy ways to take advantage of Fidelity's
  expertise in retirement planning. 
There are
  
several easy ways to profit by Fidelity's expertise
  
in retirement planning. 

 take aim 
aim. 

 take a ... look (at) 
consider; look; regard; view.
  
We need to examine each, but let's first take a
  brief look at the foundations of management theory.
  
We need to examine each, but let's first briefly
  
look at the foundations of management theory. ■
  Let's take a look at the individual who has never
  really done any conscious planning and at age 55
  realizes that it's now or never. 
Let's consider
  
the individual who has never really done any
  
conscious planning and at age 55 realizes that it's
  
now or never. 

 take a measure of 
approximate; estimate. The
  balance sheet yields financial data that can be
  used in various ratio calculations to take a
  measure of the company's financial health. 
The
  
balance sheet yields financial data that can be
  
used in various ratio calculations to estimate the
  
company's financial health. 

 take a stand against (in opposition to) 
contest;
  
contradict; contrast with; differ from; disagree
  
with; dispute; oppose; resist. 

 take a stand for (in favor of; in support of)
  
back; endorse; favor; prefer; support. I commend
  the 
Globe on taking a stand in support of the
  state's longstanding compassionate treatment of
  immigrants. 
I commend the Globe
 on endorsing the
  
state's longstanding compassionate treatment of
  
immigrants. 

 take a (the) ... view (of) 
consider; look; regard;
  
view. Financial institutions can no longer take a
  passive view of product development. 
Financial
  
institutions can no longer regard product
  
development passively. ■ Our conclusion is that
  the overwhelming majority of our middle managers
  take a favorable view of the major restructuring we
  went through earlier this year. 
Our conclusion is
  
that the overwhelming majority of our middle
  
managers view favorably the major restructuring we
  
went through earlier this year. 

 take delivery on 
receive. 

 take enjoyment in 
admire; delight in; enjoy;
  
rejoice in; relish; savor. 

 take exception to 
challenge; complain about;
  
criticize; demur; differ in; disagree with;
  
dispute; find fault with; object to; oppose;
  
protest; question; resent. I take exception to the
  statement: ``Angiography is not only expensive but
  also painful and risky.'' 
I disagree with the
  
statement: ``Angiography is not only expensive but
  
also painful and risky.'' ■ We take exception to
  the comment that Oki cut prices and stole market
  share. 
We dispute the comment that Oki cut prices
  
and stole market share. ■ I take very strong
  exception to that characterization. 
I strongly
  
object to that characterization. ■ Representatives
  of Guilford and the United Transportation Union
  took exception to FRA's charges regarding a safety
  compromise. 
Representatives of Guilford and the
  
United Transportation Union protested FRA's charges
  
regarding a safety compromise. 

 take (a) hold of 
grasp; seize; take. 

 take into account 
allow for; consider; provide
  
for; reckon with; regard; weigh. The problem is
  that this standard profitability equation does not
  apply well to most home banking projects because it
  fails to take into account the numerous tactical
  and strategic benefits involved. 
The problem is
  
that this standard profitability equation does not
  
apply well to most home banking projects because it
  
fails to consider the numerous tactical and
  
strategic benefits involved. ■ We felt sexuality
  education programs failed to take into account
  these gender differences. 
We felt sexuality
  
education programs failed to weigh these gender
  
differences. ■ But taking into account the timing
  differences in repricing, standard prepayment
  expectations, and spread relationships, the risk
  exposure is only 10 percent. 
But allowing for the
  
timing differences in repricing, standard
  
prepayment expectations, and spread relationships,
  
the risk exposure is only 10 percent. ■ It fails
  to take into account the impact of the U.S. federal
  budget deficit on U.S. competitiveness. 
It fails
  
to regard the impact of the U.S. federal budget
  
deficit on U.S. competitiveness. 

 take into (under) consideration 
allow for;
  
consider; provide for; reckon with; regard; weigh.
  
His prior offenses, even though they were in a
  different state, can be taken into consideration by
  the court. 
His prior offenses, even though they
  
were in a different state, can be weighed by the
  
court. ■ Another model that takes into
  consideration the possibility of a trend might be
  more appropriate. 
Another model that allows for
  
the possibility of a trend might be more
  
appropriate. ■ This is particularly incredible
  when you take into consideration that she is only
  18 years old. 
This is particularly incredible when
  
you consider that she is only 18 years old. 

 take into custody 
arrest; capture; catch; seize.

 take issue (with) 
attack; challenge; contradict;
  
demur; differ (with); disagree (with); dispute;
  
object (to); oppose; question. He also takes issue
  with the state plan to pay. 
He also opposes the
  
state plan to pay. ■ I take issue with the
  article's rather cavalier dismissal of American
  efforts in Japan as paltry and disorganized. 
I
  
object to the article's rather cavalier dismissal
  
of American efforts in Japan as paltry and
  
disorganized. ■ While all biologists affirm that
  some animal social behaviors are genetically
  programmed, many take issue with the sociobiology
  doctrine as applied to humans. 
While all
  
biologists affirm that some animal social behaviors
  
are genetically programmed, many dispute the
  
sociobiology doctrine as applied to humans. ■ The
  activists took issue with the Army for using
  posters calling on residents in the war-games area
  to call if they spotted designated enemy troops.
  
The activists attacked the Army for using posters
  
calling on residents in the war-games area to call
  
if they spotted designated enemy troops. ■
  Although they support many parts of the academy
  report, members take issue with several important
  elements. 
Although they support many parts of the
  
academy report, members question several important
  
elements. 

 take measures (to) 
act (to); delete.   

 taken by surprise 
startled; surprised. Everyone I
  talked to today was taken by surprise by his
  announcement. 
Everyone I talked to today was
  
surprised by his announcement. 

 take note of 
attend to; consider; hearken to;
  
heed; listen to; mind; note; notice; observe;
  
regard; see; tend to; watch; witness. The United
  States should take note of the percentage of
  technical graduates and lawyers in Japan's
  population. 
The United States should note the
  
percentage of technical graduates and lawyers in
  
Japan's population. ■ It's ludicrous to stick
  one's head in the sand and say the island isn't as
  nice as it was in 1940 and not take note of the
  fact that the island is growing and changing. 
It's
  
ludicrous to stick one's head in the sand and say
  
the island isn't as nice as it was in 1940 and not
  
notice the fact that the island is growing and
  
changing. 

 take notice of 
attend to; consider; hearken; heed;
  
listen to; mind; note; notice; observe; regard;
  
see; tend to; watch; witness. Clouds in the dry
  stratosphere were rarely sighted─mostly because
  they form near the poles only during winter and
  early spring, when darkness eclipses the sky and
  few spectators are around to take notice. 
Clouds
  
in the dry stratosphere were rarely sighted─mostly
  
because they form near the poles only during winter
  
and early spring, when darkness eclipses the sky
  
and few spectators are around to watch. 

 take offense at 
disagree with; dislike; object to;
  
resent. I take offense at the 
Globe's editorial
  (``Scorsese and the stone-casters'') and will no
  longer sit by and watch the Christian-bashing
  continue. 
I resent the Globe
's editorial
  
(``Scorsese and the stone-casters'') and will no
  
longer sit by and watch the Christian-bashing
  
continue. 

 take pity on (upon) 
pity; sympathize (with). 

 take place 
happen; occur. 

 take pleasure in 
admire; delight in; enjoy;
  
rejoice in; relish (in); savor. 

 take precedence over 
antecede; come before;
  
forego; go before; precede. Criminals' rights take
  precedence over the victims'. 
Criminals' rights
  
come before the victims'. ■ Because multinationals
  purchase a host of products and services in
  different locations, providing services to these
  customers must take precedence over the needs of
  the small profit center from the parent bank's
  point of view. 
Because multinationals purchase a
  
host of products and services in different
  
locations, providing services to these customers
  
must precede the needs of the small profit center
  
from the parent bank's point of view. 

 take priority over 
antecede; come before; forego;
  
go before; precede. The widow's allowance takes
  priority over all other debts of your husband's
  estate, as well as any provisions of his will. 
The
  
widow's allowance comes before all other debts of
  
your husband's estate, as well as any provisions of
  
his will. ■ He says that in women's shoes, fashion
  always takes priority over comfort. 
He says that
  
in women's shoes, fashion always precedes comfort.

 take satisfaction in 
admire; delight in; enjoy;
  
rejoice in; relish (in); savor. 

 take the position (that) 
assert; believe; claim;
  
consider; contend; feel; hold; judge; maintain;
  
regard; say; think; to; view. He takes the
  position that, as a meeting leader, you will be
  more effective if you view yourself ``as the
  servant of the group rather than as its master.''
  
He maintains that, as a meeting leader, you will
  
be more effective if you view yourself ``as the
  
servant of the group rather than as its master.''

 take the view (that) 
assert; believe; claim;
  
consider; contend; feel; hold; judge; maintain;
  
regard; say; think; to; view. 

 take the wrong way 
misinterpret; misunderstand. 

 take to task 
admonish; chide; criticize; rebuke;
  
reprimand; reproach; reprove; scold. He took the
  project's tenant leaders to task for their
  selection of an architectural consultant for the
  remodeling job. 
He admonished the project's tenant
  
leaders for their selection of an architectural
  
consultant for the remodeling job. 

 take umbrage at (with) 
disagree with; dislike;
  
object to; resent. Some people, such as the NRA,
  took umbrage with the message of the show. 
Some
  
people, such as the NRA, disliked the message of
  
the show. ■ I took umbrage at that statement,
  especially since I could name several women within
  our organization. 
I resented that statement,
  
especially since I could name several women within
  
our organization. 

 take under advisement 
consider; contemplate;
  
reflect on; review; think about; weigh.
  
Pillsbury's board is taking the franchisee group's
  protest under advisement. 
Pillsbury's board is
  
reviewing the franchisee group's protest. ■ I'll
  take the matter under advisement and give you my
  ruling tomorrow. 
I'll consider the matter and give
  
you my ruling tomorrow. 

 take under consideration 
consider; contemplate;
  
reflect on; review; think about; weigh. About 1 in
  50 products is taken under consideration. 
About 1
  
in 50 products is considered. 

 tell the difference 
discriminate; distinguish;
  
tell apart. The reality is that science and
  technology have made it almost impossible to tell
  the difference between telecommunications and
  computers. 
The reality is that science and
  
technology have made it almost impossible to
  
distinguish between telecommunications and
  
computers. 

 temperature 
fever. 

 temporary reprieve 
reprieve. 

 temporary stopgap 
stopgap. 

 (my) tendency is to 
(I) tend to. Our tendency is
  to get up a little later each morning and go to
  sleep a little later each night. 
We tend to get up
  
a little later each morning and go to sleep a
  
little later each night. 

 tense up 
tense. 

 term as 
term. 

 terminate 
cancel; cease; conclude; end; finish;
  
halt; stop. Over a year ago, NERAC terminated its
  relationship with the University of Connecticut.
  
Over a year ago, NERAC ended its relationship with
  
the University of Connecticut. ■ If any primary or
  contingent Beneficiary shall predecease me, his or
  her interest and the interest of any of his or her
  heirs shall then terminate. 
If any primary or
  
contingent Beneficiary shall predecease me, his or
  
her interest and the interest of any of his or her
  
heirs shall then stop. ■ Having no plan at all
  would be better than terminating one. 
Having no
  
plan at all would be better than canceling one. 

 test out 
test. 

 that (this) being the case 
consequently; hence;
  
so; then; therefore; thus. That being the case,
  the only apparent remedy is for owners of family
  firms to begin early in earmarking shares of the
  business for their children. 
The only apparent
  
remedy, then, is for owners of family firms to
  
begin early in earmarking shares of the business
  
for their children. 

 that (the; this) business of 
that (this); delete.
  We've got to get over this business of seeing
  everything in cartoon terms. 
We've got to get over
  
seeing everything in cartoon terms. ■ The
  Glass-Steagall Act prohibits banks from engaging in
  the business of underwriting, selling, or
  distributing securities such as shares of a mutual
  fund. 
The Glass-Steagall Act prohibits banks from
  
engaging in underwriting, selling, or distributing
  
securities such as shares of a mutual fund. 

 that (this) fact 
that (this). The world beyond
  visual range is a haze of anxiety, and the most
  sophisticated radar sets in the world do not change
  that fact. 
The world beyond visual range is a haze
  
of anxiety, and the most sophisticated radar sets
  
in the world do not change that. 

 that (which) happens (occurs; takes place) when
  
when. What about the inevitable disappointment
  that happens when a child doesn't win a trophy?
  
What about the inevitable disappointment when a
  
child doesn't win a trophy? 

 that is delete. This relates to the cost that is
  incurred by start-up firms. 
This relates to the
  
cost incurred by start-up firms. ■ They chose
  hardware that was available and reliable. 
They
  
chose available, reliable hardware. ■ The manager
  must set a level of performance that is attainable.
  
The manager must set an attainable level of
  
performance. ■ Data modification can produce
  results that are not valid. 
Data modification can
  
produce invalid results. 

 that is (this is; which is) as much as to say
  
namely; that is; to wit. 

 that is (which is) to say (that) 
namely; that is;
  
to wit; delete.  That is to say, the person named
  by the testator in his will will normally be
  appointed by the court, despite lack of great
  intelligence or experience. 
That is, the person
  
named by the testator in his will will normally be
  
appointed by the court, despite lack of great
  
intelligence or experience. ■ These suits spring
  from the same concern that drives the antiabortion
  position─that is to say, assigning a more elevated
  moral and legal status to the fetus, granting it
  personhood separate from the woman carrying it.
  
These suits spring from the same concern that
  
drives the antiabortion position─namely, assigning
  
a more elevated moral and legal status to the
  
fetus, granting it personhood separate from the
  
woman carrying it. 

 that (this) kind (sort; type) of stuff (thing) 
it;
  
that (this); delete.  If there's a lot of that
  kind of thing, I will try to figure out whether
  things will stay depressed forever. 
If there's a
  
lot of that, I will try to figure out whether
  
things will stay depressed forever. ■ We could
  take an approach that would take us back to feudal
  times where you're born into your occupation and
  that type of thing. 
We could take an approach that
  
would take us back to feudal times where you're
  
born into your occupation. 

 that (this) juncture (moment; period; point; stage)
  in time 
(just; right) now; that (this) time;
  
then. Not until that moment in time did I
  understand what being homeless meant. 
Not until
  
then did I understand what being homeless meant. 

 that (those) of 
-'s. Toronto's population is
  close to 3 million, which is slightly larger than
  that of Boston. 
Toronto's population is close to 3
  
million, which is slightly larger than Boston's. ■
  Thrift A's exposure to rising rates is considerably
  higher than that of Thrift B. 
Thrift A's exposure
  
to rising rates is considerably higher than Thrift
  
B's. ■ Learn from your own experiences and from
  those of others. 
Learn from your own experiences
  
and from others'. ■ This is not a viable solution
  because the medic's role cannot be compared to, or
  interchanged with, that of the professional nurse.
  
This is not a viable solution because the medic's
  
role cannot be compared to, or interchanged with,
  
the professional nurse's. ■ As the more aggrieved
  party, the victim's rights must take precedence
  over those of the perpetrator. 
As the more
  
aggrieved party, the victim's rights must take
  
precedence over the perpetrator's. 

 that (these; this; those) of delete. Another
  exercise is that of completing the views when some
  or all of them have missing lines. 
Another
  
exercise is completing the views when some or all
  
of them have missing lines. ■ There are two basic
  philosophies of stock investment: that of growth
  and that of investment yield. 
There are two basic
  
philosophies of stock investment: growth and
  
investment yield. 

 (of) that (these; this; those) delete. For those
  calculators that do not have a 10x key, the
  antilogarithm can be found by using the INV or 2nd
  key. 
For calculators that do not have a 10x key,
  
the antilogarithm can be found by using the INV or
  
2nd key. ■ Those options with the word 
patch in
  their titles are especially complicated. 
Options
  
with the word patch
 in their titles are
  
especially complicated. 

 that (this) time around (round) 
that (this) time;
  
then (now). Such an outcome has a far higher
  probability this time around. 
Such an outcome has
  
a far higher probability now. 

 the above 
that; this; delete. Please call me if
  you have any questions concerning the above.
  
Please call me if you have any questions
  
concerning this. 

 the above-mentioned 
that; the above; this;
  delete.   

 the act of delete. The act of making sketches and
  writing statements about the problem helps to get
  the designer off dead center. 
Making sketches and
  
writing statements about the problem helps to get
  
the designer off dead center. ■ In the act of
  listening, the differential between thinking and
  speaking rates means that our brain works with
  hundreds of words in addition to those that we
  hear, assembling thoughts other than those spoken
  to us. 
In listening, the differential between
  
thinking and speaking rates means that our brain
  
works with hundreds of words in addition to those
  
that we hear, assembling thoughts other than those
  
spoken to us. 

 the aforementioned 
that; the above; this; delete.
  The aforementioned argument is without merit, as
  it fails to consider the important differences
  which can be found to exist in skills and
  productivity found in the construction industry.
  
This argument is without merit, as it fails to
  
consider the important differences which can be
  
found to exist in skills and productivity found in
  
the construction industry. ■ Each of the
  aforementioned techniques can be used to solve a
  specific employee problem in the workplace. 
Each
  
of the above techniques can be used to solve a
  
specific employee problem in the workplace. 

 the aforesaid 
that; the above; this; delete.   

 the age of delete. He acknowledged that the Soviet
  Union has 46,000 registered drug addicts (only a
  minority of the entire drug-dependent population),
  most of them under the age of 30. 
He acknowledged
  
that the Soviet Union has 46,000 registered drug
  
addicts (only a minority of the entire
  
drug-dependent population), most of them under 30.
  ■ It predicts a tightening labor market will force
  the hiring of more people between the ages of 35
  and 45. 
It predicts a tightening labor market will
  
force the hiring of more people between 35 and 45.

 the area of (the ... area) delete. The main
  interest for me is the history area. 
The main
  
interest for me is history. ■ These teams should
  be granted broad functions, with key roles being
  played by representatives from the engineering,
  manufacturing, marketing, and finance areas. 
These
  
teams should be granted broad functions, with key
  
roles being played by representatives from
  
engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and
  
finance. ■ The area of international business is
  concerned with transactions which involve the
  transfer of goods, services, and factor inputs
  across national boundaries. 
International business
  
is concerned with transactions which involve the
  
transfer of goods, services, and factor inputs
  
across national boundaries. 

 the (this) author (writer) 
I; me; my; our; us; we.
  
Every word processing manual the authors have seen
  assumes you know what a hanging indent, widow, and
  running header are. 
Every word processing manual
  
we have seen assumes you know what a hanging
  
indent, widow, and running header are. ■ A
  practical approach to setting international
  objectives will, in this writer's view, concentrate
  first on protecting an existing profit base. 
A
  
practical approach to setting international
  
objectives will, in my view, concentrate first on
  
protecting an existing profit base. ■ He explained
  to this writer how a London-based Scot beat Morgan
  Stanley and Goldman Sachs to the punch in their own
  backyard. 
He explained to me how a London-based
  
Scot beat Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs to the
  
punch in their own backyard. 

 the better part (of) 
almost all; most; nearly all.
  
Manufacturers Hanover Corp. spent the better part
  of 175 years reaching the top of American banking
  alongside the Citicorps and Chase Manhattans.
  
Manufacturers Hanover Corp. spent most of 175
  
years reaching the top of American banking
  
alongside the Citicorps and Chase Manhattans. 

 the biggest (greatest; highest; largest) amount
  (degree; extent; number; part; percentage; portion;
  proportion; quantity) of 
most. That's why many
  analysts argue that boosting energy efficiency and
  adopting fossil-fuel alternatives will buy the
  greatest degree of climate insurance for the
  dollar. 
That's why many analysts argue that
  
boosting energy efficiency and adopting fossil-fuel
  
alternatives will buy the most climate insurance
  
for the dollar. ■ The greatest number of pneumonia
  deaths occur among people 65 and older─more than 20
  times the rate in the 45-to-64 age group. 
Most
  
pneumonia deaths occur among people 65 and
  
older─more than 20 times the rate in the 45-to-64
  
age group. ■ The concept of calories has been well
  embedded in the minds of people throughout the
  largest portion of the twentieth century. 
The
  
concept of calories has been well embedded in the
  
minds of people throughout most of the twentieth
  
century. 

 the both (of) 
both. I saw the both of them on a
  talk show today. 
I saw both of them on a talk show
  
today. 

 the (great) bulk (of) 
almost all; most; nearly
  
all. JETRO has for about a decade been devoting
  the great bulk of its efforts in the United States
  to promoting American exports to Japan. 
JETRO has
  
for about a decade been devoting most of its
  
efforts in the United States to promoting American
  
exports to Japan. ■ Unfortunately for the
  startups, though, a few major players have secured
  the bulk of the orders. 
Unfortunately for the
  
startups, though, a few major players have secured
  
most of the orders. 

 the case 
right; so; true; delete.  I think that's
  probably the case. 
I think that's probably true.
  ■ That's just not the case. 
That's just not so. ■
  Consumers have more diversified opportunities for
  placement of discretionary funds than has been the
  case in the past. 
Consumers have more diversified
  
opportunities for placement of discretionary funds
  
than in the past. ■ Analysis of the internal data
  verified that this was the case. 
Analysis of the
  
internal data verified that this was right. ■ Such
  companies are often durable goods manufacturers,
  but this is not always the case. 
Such companies
  
are often durable goods manufacturers, but not
  
always. 

 the character of delete. He played the character of
  a picaro in the film. 
He played a picaro in the
  
film. 

 the city (town) of delete. In the city of Chicago,
  there are a lot of counseling centers. 
In Chicago,
  
there are a lot of counseling centers. ■ A
  chicken-processing plant closed today in the town
  of Belfast, Maine. 
A chicken-processing plant
  
closed today in Belfast, Maine. 

 the color delete. I noticed the predominance of the
  color green in their costumes. 
I noticed the
  
predominance of green in their costumes. 

 the ... company delete. In 1986, the Hitachi
  company displaced General Electric as the firm
  receiving the most U.S. patents. 
In 1986, Hitachi
  
displaced General Electric as the firm receiving
  
the most U.S. patents. 

 the concept of delete. The following example
  illustrates the concept of correlation. 
The
  
following example illustrates correlation. ■
  Thatcher added that the concept of a United States
  of Europe will not happen in her lifetime, or
  hopefully, ever. 
Thatcher added that a United
  
States of Europe will not happen in her lifetime,
  
or hopefully, ever. ■ When we visited them in
  Mexico last year, Corona Beer was interested in the
  concept of expanding their distribution. 
When we
  
visited them in Mexico last year, Corona Beer was
  
interested in expanding their distribution. 

 the condition of delete. British companies do not
  hesitate to go to the market with a share issue
  when the condition of the balance sheet warrants
  it. 
British companies do not hesitate to go to the
  
market with a share issue when the balance sheet
  
warrants it. ■ The condition of his health has
  deteriorated. 
His health has deteriorated. 

 the continent of (the ... continent) delete.
  Despite droughts, floods, wars, and low oil and
  commodity prices, the African continent as a whole
  is better off now than a year ago. 
Despite
  
droughts, floods, wars, and low oil and commodity
  
prices, Africa as a whole is better off now than a
  
year ago. 

 the country of delete.  


  
the decade (period; period of time; span of time;
  
 time; years) between ... and  
between ... and;
  
from ... through (to); to. 

 the decade (period; period of time; span of time;
  time; years) (from) ... through (till; to; until)
  
between ... and; from ... through (to); to. But
  he notes that if you don't count the period from
  1929 through 1936, the Republicans emerge with only
  a very slight edge in annual return. 
But he notes
  
that if you don't count from 1929 through 1936, the
  
Republicans emerge with only a very slight edge in
  
annual return. ■ Her chapters covering the decade
  from 1923 until 1932, especially, are melanges of
  miscellaneous topics that remain ill-connected by
  strained generalizations. 
Her chapters covering
  
from 1923 to 1932, especially, are melanges of
  
miscellaneous topics that remain ill-connected by
  
strained generalizations. ■ The United Nations
  General Assembly recently declared the decade from
  1990 to 2000 to be the International Decade of
  Natural Disaster Reduction. 
The United Nations
  
General Assembly recently declared 1990 to 2000 to
  
be the International Decade of Natural Disaster
  
Reduction. 

 the degree of 
how much; the; delete. The closer
  the value of 
r to either extreme, the greater the
  degree of association. 
The closer the value of r

  
to either extreme, the greater the association. ■
  Business owners and managers must have a way to
  measure the degree of success or failure of their
  business or department. 
Business owners and
  
managers must have a way to measure the success or
  
failure of their business or department. ■ I am
  concerned with the degree of difficulty they're
  having getting the product out. 
I am concerned
  
with how much difficulty they're having getting the
  
product out. 

 the degree to which 
how; how far; how much. The
  degree to which exporters seek to manage and
  control the marketing and distribution of their
  products to and in foreign markets varies greatly.
  
How much exporters seek to manage and control the
  
marketing and distribution of their products to and
  
in foreign markets varies greatly. ■ The GOP's
  principal concern is the degree to which the law
  would regulate child-care facilities nationwide.
  
The GOP's principal concern is how much the law
  
would regulate child-care facilities nationwide. ■
  The degree to which her agency will regulate the
  new TCB network and its rates has yet to be
  determined. 
How her agency will regulate the new
  
TCB network and its rates has yet to be determined.

 the ... dollar mark 
(a) ... dollars. First-level
  managers now often find themselves in charge of
  budgets with assets approaching or surpassing the
  half million dollar mark. 
First-level managers now
  
often find themselves in charge of budgets with
  
assets approaching or surpassing a half million
  
dollars. 

 the equal (equivalent) of 
equal (equivalent) to;
  
like. The loss of 1 high-value customer was the
  equivalent of losing the business of 36 small-value
  customers. 
The loss of 1 high-value customer was
  
equivalent to losing the business of 36 small-value
  
customers. 

 the existence of delete. The existence of even one
  extra, undocumented Write statement in a module may
  change what appears on a user's terminal. 
Even one
  
extra, undocumented Write statement in a module may
  
change what appears on a user's terminal. ■ As the
  participants learn to accept and deal with their
  own assumptions and attitudes, and to be more
  tolerant of the existence of viewpoints different
  from their own, the case discussions become more
  succinct and relevant. 
As the participants learn
  
to accept and deal with their own assumptions and
  
attitudes, and to be more tolerant of viewpoints
  
different from their own, the case discussions
  
become more succinct and relevant. 

 the extent of 
how much; delete.  Most people know
  something about Social Security, but few know the
  extent of the monthly benefits they will eventually
  receive when they retire. 
Most people know
  
something about Social Security, but few know the
  
monthly benefits they will eventually receive when
  
they retire. ■ I would fantasize about graduating,
  or joining the cheerleading team, but that would be
  the extent of it. 
I would fantasize about
  
graduating, or joining the cheerleading team, but
  
that would be it. ■ The extent of our success can
  be measured not only by our balance sheet, but by
  the growing list of customers that rely on the
  NYNEX family of companies. 
Our success can be
  
measured not only by our balance sheet, but by the
  
growing list of customers that rely on the NYNEX
  
family of companies. ■ Despite early campaign
  rhetoric, the extent of actual change a new
  treasurer would attempt is of course unknown.
  
Despite early campaign rhetoric, how much actual
  
change a new treasurer would attempt is of course
  
unknown. 

 the extent to which 
how; how far; how much. The
  extent to which these facilitating and reconciling
  capabilities are needed, and how they are developed
  and structured, depends on the company's
  involvement in exporting or foreign marketing. 
How
  
much these facilitating and reconciling
  
capabilities are needed, and how they are developed
  
and structured, depends on the company's
  
involvement in exporting or foreign marketing. ■
  This is especially surprising in view of the extent
  to which child-care issues have moved close to
  center stage in American politics. 
This is
  
especially surprising in view of how child-care
  
issues have moved close to center stage in American
  
politics. ■ Eastern cannot predict the extent to
  which its operations and financial results will
  continue to be affected by the negative public
  perception generated by the investigations.
  
Eastern cannot predict how its operations and
  
financial results will continue to be affected by
  
the negative public perception generated by the
  
investigations. 

 the fact that 
that. The fact that she was
  institutionalized doesn't mean she should have
  been. 
That she was institutionalized doesn't mean
  
she should have been. ■ This ignores the fact that
  increased use of kilowatts has significantly
  decreased our use of oil. 
This ignores that
  
increased use of kilowatts has significantly
  
decreased our use of oil. ■ Possibly the biggest
  attraction of a Category III product is the fact
  that it aims for a sizable market that others
  consider important. 
Possibly the biggest
  
attraction of a Category III product is that it
  
aims for a sizable market that others consider
  
important. 

 the fact is (that) 
actually; indeed; in fact; in
  
faith; in truth; really; truly; delete. The fact
  is we have to deal with the public every day. 
We
  
have to deal with the public every day. ■
  Computers are an integral part of AT&T's
  data-networking strategy, and the fact is that the
  financial results for the first half of this year
  in our data systems division are on target.
  
Computers are an integral part of AT&T's
  
data-networking strategy, and in fact, the
  
financial results for the first half of this year
  
in our data systems division are on target. ■ The
  fact is that most people confuse a dull
  presentation with dull ideas. 
Actually, most
  
people confuse a dull presentation with dull
  
ideas. ■ The fact is that the resale value
  guarantee applies only toward the purchase of
  another Audi. 
In truth, the resale value guarantee
  
applies only toward the purchase of another Audi.
  ■ The fact is that Mrs. Eddy doesn't advocate any
  kind of a positive thinking or ``think good, feel
  good'' philosophy. 
Indeed, Mrs. Eddy doesn't
  
advocate any kind of a positive thinking or ``think
  
good, feel good'' philosophy. 

 the fact of the matter is (that) 
actually; indeed;
  
in fact; in faith; in reality; in truth; really;
  
truly; delete. The fact of the matter is you
  cannot copyright an idea. 
You cannot copyright an
  
idea. ■ The fact of the matter is most couples
  don't talk about sex. 
In truth, most couples don't
  
talk about sex. ■ The fact of the matter is most
  people in this country are hypocrites. 
Most people
  
in this country are hypocrites. ■ The fact of the
  matter is there is no evidence of a reintroduction
  of troops. 
Indeed, there is no evidence of a
  
reintroduction of troops. 

 the fact remains (that) delete. The fact remains we
  have the overwhelming support of the Christian and
  Jewish religions. 
We have the overwhelming support
  
of the Christian and Jewish religions. ■
  Economists, psychologists, and feminists can
  postulate all they want on the effects, but the
  fact remains that the American dream is fading
  fast. 
Economists, psychologists, and feminists can
  
postulate all they want on the effects, but the
  
American dream is fading fast. 

 (what is) the fashion (manner; way) (in which;
  that) 
how. The path-goal theory of leadership is
  concerned with the ways in which a leader can
  influence a subordinate's motivation, goals, and
  attempts at achievement. 
The path-goal theory of
  
leadership is concerned with how a leader can
  
influence a subordinate's motivation, goals, and
  
attempts at achievement. ■ What do you think about
  the fashion in which this testing program was
  introduced into the plant? 
What do you think about
  
how this testing program was introduced into the
  
plant? ■ Health officials say that the viral
  infection is spread similarly to the manner in
  which AIDS is spread. 
Health officials say that
  
the viral infection is spread similarly to how AIDS
  
is spread. ■ What do you think about the fashion
  in which she handled this? 
What do you think about
  
how she handled this? ■ More important than the
  sample's size is the manner in which the sample is
  taken. 
More important than the sample's size is
  
how the sample is taken. 

 the feeling of delete.  


  
the field of delete. This process became known as
  Boolean algebra and is widely used in the fields of
  computing and philosophy. 
This process became
  
known as Boolean algebra and is widely used in
  
computing and philosophy. ■ The field of cancer
  chemotherapy, which has been in the doldrums in
  recent years, appears poised on the edge of a new
  era due to the advent of potent drugs that
  stimulate the growth of white blood cells. 
Cancer
  
chemotherapy, which has been in the doldrums in
  
recent years, appears poised on the edge of a new
  
era due to the advent of potent drugs that
  
stimulate the growth of white blood cells. 

 the foregoing 
that; the above; this; delete.  On
  top of the foregoing, the recent legislation on
  extending mandatory retirement further heightens
  the concern about job performance in the later
  years. 
On top of this, the recent legislation on
  
extending mandatory retirement further heightens
  
the concern about job performance in the later
  
years. 

 the forenamed 
that; the above; this; delete. 

 the function of delete. The function of settling
  disputes requires the exercise of tact and concern
  for resolution of conflicts. 
Settling disputes
  
requires the exercise of tact and concern for
  
resolution of conflicts. 

 the heart of the matter 
center; core; crux;
  
essence; gist; heart; pith; substance; sum. 

 the history of delete. For the first time in the
  history of this century, the death penalty is
  extended beyond the borders of a single country, in
  spite of the laws of other countries. 
For the
  
first time in this century, the death penalty is
  
extended beyond the borders of a single country, in
  
spite of the laws of other countries. 

 the hows and (the) whys 
aims; causes; goals;
  
motives; purposes; reasons. Our association has
  attempted to encourage proactive lending in
  low-income communities by working with the Fed to
  educate banks about the hows and whys of these
  investment opportunities. 
Our association has
  
attempted to encourage proactive lending in
  
low-income communities by working with the Fed to
  
educate banks about the aims of these investment
  
opportunities. 

 the idea of delete. Bloody revolution and punitive
  economic sanctions are not necessary if a
  government is committed to the idea of expanding
  political and economic freedoms and abolishing the
  discriminatory system. 
Bloody revolution and
  
punitive economic sanctions are not necessary if a
  
government is committed to expanding political and
  
economic freedoms and abolishing the discriminatory
  
system. ■ The idea of a federal
  anti-discrimination law protecting HIV-infected
  individuals was among the most controversial of the
  AIDS commission's 597 recommendations. 
A federal
  
anti-discrimination law protecting HIV-infected
  
individuals was among the most controversial of the
  
AIDS commission's 597 recommendations. ■ A large
  number of today's teens have actually thought about
  the idea of suicide. 
A large number of today's
  
teens have actually thought about suicide. 

 the interesting thing is (that) 
interestingly;
  delete.  The interesting thing is that he never
  realized what he had done. 
He never realized what
  
he had done. 

 the issue of delete. We shall first consider the
  issue of plotting the historical series we want to
  analyze. 
We shall first consider plotting the
  
historical series we want to analyze. ■ The issue
  of computer compatibility is becoming increasingly
  important now that many firms want to connect all
  of these individual computers into a network so
  they can exchange files. 
Computer compatibility is
  
becoming increasingly important now that many firms
  
want to connect all of these individual computers
  
into a network so they can exchange files. 

 theistical 
theistic. 

 the language of (the ... language) delete. He
  speaks the Spanish language fluently. 
He speaks
  
Spanish fluently. ■ Twelve of his novels have been
  translated into the Russian language. 
Twelve of
  
his novels have been translated into Russian. ■
  His American dream became a nightmare as he learned
  that his lack of skills and familiarity with the
  English language relegated him to low-paying jobs.
  
His American dream became a nightmare as he
  
learned that his lack of skills and familiarity
  
with English relegated him to low-paying jobs. 

 the last time 
last. A fifth bit acts as a flag
  indicating whether the file has been modified since
  the last time it was backed up. 
A fifth bit acts
  
as a flag indicating whether the file has been
  
modified since it was last backed up. 

 the length of time 
how long; the time. The
  purpose of a network is to show all activities
  needed to complete a project and to enable the
  planner to calculate the length of time a project
  will take from start to finish. 
The purpose of a
  
network is to show all activities needed to
  
complete a project and to enable the planner to
  
calculate the time a project will take from start
  
to finish. ■ A copyright registration is effective
  on the date that all required elements are received
  in the Copyright Office, regardless of the length
  of time it takes the Office to process the
  application and mail the certificate of
  registration. 
A copyright registration is
  
effective on the date that all required elements
  
are received in the Copyright Office, regardless of
  
how long it takes the Office to process the
  
application and mail the certificate of
  
registration. 

 the lion's share 
almost all; most; nearly all. 

 the long and (the) short 
center; core; crux;
  
essence; gist; heart; pith; substance; sum. 

 the manifestation of delete. Looking first at
  managers, one once again sees the manifestation of
  the tendency toward caution with age. 
Looking
  
first at managers, one once again sees the tendency
  
toward caution with age. 

 the matter 
it; that; this. Legislators in six
  other states are expected to take up the matter in
  new legislative sessions next year. 
Legislators in
  
six other states are expected to take this up in
  
new legislative sessions next year. 

 (what is) the means by which 
how. Thus
  Wednesday's municipal elections, which the
  government hopes will be a first step toward a
  constitution under which blacks share power, will
  provide indicators of the means by which apartheid
  is ultimately to be dismantled. 
Thus Wednesday's
  
municipal elections, which the government hopes
  
will be a first step toward a constitution under
  
which blacks share power, will provide indicators
  
of how apartheid is ultimately to be dismantled. ■
  What is the means by which a nation can increase
  investment? 
How can a nation increase investment?

 the medium of delete.  


  
the method of delete.  


  
the month of delete. Between the months of July and
  September, only three more ventured-financed firms
  went public. 
Between July and September, only
  
three more ventured-financed firms went public. 

 the more (most) 
more (most). Testing can answer
  which of these two models is the more appropriate.
  
Testing can answer which of these two models is
  
more appropriate. ■ What angers small business
  activists the most is the expeditious altering of S
  corporation regulations. 
What most angers small
  
business activists is the expeditious altering of S
  
corporation regulations. 

 then and only then 
only then; then. I suggest
  that then and only then will people such as Mr.
  Becker realize that there really is no free lunch.
  
I suggest that only then will people such as Mr.
  
Becker realize that there really is no free lunch.

 then at that (this) juncture (juncture in time;
  moment; moment in time; period; period of time;
  point; point in time; stage; stage in time; time)
  
then.

  
the nature of 
like; delete.  Disagreement on the
  viability of standardization strategies also
  reflects varying interpretations on the nature of
  the environment facing the international company.
  
Disagreement on the viability of standardization
  
strategies also reflects varying interpretations of
  
the environment facing the international company.
  ■ In addition to poor education, he cites
  psychological blocks and misconceptions about the
  nature of mathematics. 
In addition to poor
  
education, he cites psychological blocks and
  
misconceptions about mathematics. 

 the notion of delete. He said that the notion of
  incorporating minimally toxic products into a pest
  management program is also catching on among some
  big-time horticulturalists and growers. 
He said
  
that incorporating minimally toxic products into a
  
pest management program is also catching on among
  
some big-time horticulturalists and growers. ■ The
  notion of punishment for the sins of colleagues is
  devoid of either justice or practicality.
  
Punishment for the sins of colleagues is devoid of
  
either justice or practicality. ■ While not
  necessarily new, the notion of live-work
  developments is seeing a revival. 
While not
  
necessarily new, live-work developments are seeing
  
a revival. 

 then subsequently 
then. Then subsequently he left
  Digital and started his own business. 
Then he left
  
Digital and started his own business. 

 theocratical 
theocratic. 

 the ... of 
-'s. I needed the help of my mother to
  care for my child. 
I needed my mother's help to
  
care for my child. ■ The task of the analyst is to
  find the coefficients a and b in Equation 2-2. 
The
  
analyst's task is to find the coefficients a and b
  
in Equation 2-2. ■ The failure to recognize
  expenses of this type can affect the profitability
  of a product. 
The failure to recognize expenses of
  
this type can affect a product's profitability. 

 theological 
theologic. 

 the one (that) delete. Although there are several
  approaches, the one we focus on is Greiner's model
  for organizational change. 
Although there are
  
several approaches, we focus on Greiner's model for
  
organizational change. ■ The one that seems to be
  the most popular is the use of the pull-down Mac
  menus for function keys. 
The most popular seems to
  
be the use of the pull-down Mac menus for function
  
keys. 

 the one best 
the best. The emphasis of scientific
  management was to try to find the one best way by
  examining the way work was done, the sequence of
  steps, and the skills of the workers. 
The emphasis
  
of scientific management was to try to find the
  
best way by examining the way work was done, the
  
sequence of steps, and the skills of the workers.

 (of) the opposite sex 
female; male; man; woman.
  
He is abandoning his hemline indicator because it
  tended to offend too many investors of the opposite
  sex. 
He is abandoning his hemline indicator
  
because it tended to offend too many female
  
investors. 

 theoretical 
theoretic. 

 the other way around (round) 
the opposite; the
  
reverse. 

 the passage of time 
time. Meanwhile, the passage
  of time has made it increasingly apparent that last
  year's stock market crash was not the immediate
  precursor of a corresponding plunge for the
  economy. 
Meanwhile, time has made it increasingly
  
apparent that last year's stock market crash was
  
not the immediate precursor of a corresponding
  
plunge for the economy. ■ For too long the extent
  of the problem was downplayed, thereby promoting
  the mistaken belief that time would somehow correct
  the situation; instead, the passage of time has
  only deepened the crisis. 
For too long the extent
  
of the problem was downplayed, thereby promoting
  
the mistaken belief that time would somehow correct
  
the situation; instead, time has only deepened the
  
crisis. 

 the practice of delete. Japan shares the United
  States' concern about the practice of using aid
  funds for export promotion. 
Japan shares the
  
United States' concern about using aid funds for
  
export promotion. ■ One distinctly American ritual
  is likely to be played out on Election Day this
  November: the practice of staying away from the
  polls. 
One distinctly American ritual is likely to
  
be played out on Election Day this November:
  
staying away from the polls. ■ Community groups
  have charged banks with the practice of ``red
  lining'' poor and minority neighborhoods by denying
  them mortgages, personal and business loans, and
  other services. 
Community groups have charged
  
banks with ``red lining'' poor and minority
  
neighborhoods by denying them mortgages, personal
  
and business loans, and other services. 

 the presence of delete. It is the presence of
  poverty in the United States that prevents our
  citizens from describing systematic
  government-sponsored repression abroad. 
It is
  
poverty in the United States that prevents our
  
citizens from describing systematic
  
government-sponsored repression abroad. ■
  Mammography uses an X-ray technique to detect the
  presence of lesions, such as tumors, within the
  breast. 
Mammography uses an X-ray technique to
  
detect lesions, such as tumors, within the breast.
  ■ More recent surveys of fainter sources in that
  direction now show the presence of a few dim
  galaxies within the void. 
More recent surveys of
  
fainter sources in that direction now show a few
  
dim galaxies within the void. 

 (of) the present ... 
here; this; delete.  The
  objective of the present chapter is to discuss
  these arguments. 
The objective here is to discuss
  
these arguments. ■ In the present chapter, we
  introduce capital structure theories. 
In this
  
chapter, we introduce capital structure theories.
  ■ At the beginning of the present decade, only 21
  percent of the state's deposits were concentrated
  in the five largest banks. 
At the beginning of the
  
1980s, only 21 percent of the state's deposits were
  
concentrated in the five largest banks. 

 the present author (writer) 
I. 

 the present day 
(just; right) now; nowadays; the
  
present; these days; today. Ever since MIT
  economist Rudiger Dornbusch first firmly broached
  the suggestion, the financial world has been
  absorbed in the resemblance between 1968 and the
  present day in macroeconomic terms. 
Ever since MIT
  
economist Rudiger Dornbusch first firmly broached
  
the suggestion, the financial world has been
  
absorbed in the resemblance between 1968 and today
  
in macroeconomic terms. 

 the present-day 
nowaday's; the present's; today's.
  
Discoveries, innovations, surprises, and
  complexities of the present-day South multiply
  beyond what it seemed possible for him to cover.
  
Discoveries, innovations, surprises, and
  
complexities of today's South multiply beyond what
  
it seemed possible for him to cover. 

 the principle of delete.  


 the problem of delete. Of all the approaches that
  can be taken to address the problem of fraud, the
  most important may be a demonstrated intolerance
  for the problem. 
Of all the approaches that can be
  
taken to address fraud, the most important may be a
  
demonstrated intolerance for the problem. 

 the procedure of delete. Let's now look at the
  procedure of how teams are eliminated. 
Let's now
  
look at how teams are eliminated. 

 (what is) the process by which 
how. We will now
  examine the process by which natural and global
  marketing activities are controlled. 
We will now
  
examine how natural and global marketing activities
  
are controlled. ■ The two are very particular when
  it comes to the ingredients and the process by
  which their soups are made. 
The two are very
  
particular when it comes to the ingredients and how
  
their soups are made. 

 the process of delete. The process of selecting the
  proper school for your child can be hugely
  exciting. 
Selecting the proper school for your
  
child can be hugely exciting. ■ Staffing initially
  entails the process of recruiting potential
  candidates for a job, reviewing the applicants'
  credentials, and trying to match the job demands
  with the candidates' abilities. 
Staffing initially
  
entails recruiting potential candidates for a job,
  
reviewing the applicants' credentials, and trying
  
to match the job demands with the candidates'
  
abilities. ■ In the process of further
  reconceptualizing our department store strategy, we
  undertook an asset sale program that produced $4.1
  billion and reduced our original debt by $3.4
  billion. 
In further reconceptualizing our
  
department store strategy, we undertook an asset
  
sale program that produced $4.1 billion and reduced
  
our original debt by $3.4 billion. 

 the purpose of ... is to delete. The purpose of
  this view is to allow you to work on the outline's
  organization. 
This view allows you to work on the
  
outline's organization. ■ The purpose of double
  exponential smoothing is to enable the estimation
  of a linear trend in a time series. 
Double
  
exponential smoothing enables the estimation of a
  
linear trend in a time series. 

 the question of delete. Corporate dividend policy
  deals with the question of how much of the firm's
  earnings should be paid to its stockholders in cash
  dividends. 
Corporate dividend policy deals with
  
how much of the firm's earnings should be paid to
  
its stockholders in cash dividends. ■ The question
  of alcohol is a different matter. 
Alcohol is a
  
different matter. ■ I've talked a lot about
  pharmaceuticals, but I don't want to ignore the
  question of medical products. 
I've talked a lot
  
about pharmaceuticals, but I don't want to ignore
  
medical products. ■ They didn't attempt to examine
  the fundamentals in the markets they studied, so
  they're agnostic on the question of whether bubble
  psychology is based on anything concrete at all.
  
They didn't attempt to examine the fundamentals in
  
the markets they studied, so they're agnostic on
  
whether bubble psychology is based on anything
  
concrete at all. 

 therapeutical 
therapeutic. 

 there delete. This is true for current products
  where there exists a sales history. 
This is true
  
for current products where a sales history exists.

 the (this) reader 
I; you; delete. This book is
  meant to help the reader learn how to program in C.
  
This book is meant to help you learn how to
  
program in C. ■ The reader may also find classical
  solutions to this equation in several texts on
  applied mathematics. 
You may also find classical
  
solutions to this equation in several texts on
  
applied mathematics. ■ This reader was dismayed by
  his cynical and narrow view of the public sector.
  
I was dismayed by his cynical and narrow view of
  
the public sector. 

 thereafter 
later; next; then. 

 the reality of delete. A key element of an ILP is
  that students can change their objectives at any
  time based on current interests and the reality of
  their academic progress. 
A key element of an ILP
  
is that students can change their objectives at any
  
time based on current interests and their academic
  
progress. ■ Patients facing an ileostomy,
  colostomy, or urostomy must come to terms with the
  reality of the disease. 
Patients facing an
  
ileostomy, colostomy, or urostomy must come to
  
terms with the disease. 

 the realm of delete. Brainstorming has broadened
  its appeal to the business world and has found
  widespread acceptance in the realm of business
  meetings. 
Brainstorming has broadened its appeal
  
to the business world and has found widespread
  
acceptance in business meetings. 

 therefore 
hence; so; then; thus. Therefore if the
  host program wants to send data to the Mac, it can.
  
Thus if the host program wants to send data to the
  
Mac, it can. ■ The front view is more descriptive
  than the top view; therefore, the front view should
  be dimensioned. 
The front view is more descriptive
  
than the top view, so the front view should be
  
dimensioned. 

 the region of delete.  


  
therein 
there. 

 there is ... (that; who) 
is; delete.  There are
  fifteen people in the group. 
Fifteen people are in
  
the group. ■ There are millions of people who feel
  the way you do. 
Millions of people feel the way
  
you do. ■ For every discovery that scientists make
  about Egyptian antiquity, there are hundreds that
  remain unsolved. 
For every discovery that
  
scientists make about Egyptian antiquity, hundreds
  
remain unsolved. ■ If there is more than one file
  that begins with the same letter, press that letter
  repeatedly until the appropriate file is selected.
  
If more than one file begins with the same letter,
  
press that letter repeatedly until the appropriate
  
file is selected. ■ There are few among us who
  could be undaunted or detached when faced with
  these issues. 
Few among us could be undaunted or
  
detached when faced with these issues. ■ You might
  be wondering if there is one approach or theory
  that can be applied to all management situations.
  
You might be wondering if one approach or theory
  
can be applied to all management situations. 

 thereupon 
later; next; then. 

 the role of delete. The role of research and
  development is crucial to the future of a nation's
  economic growth and to the future of an industry
  and an individual business. 
Research and
  
development is crucial to the future of a nation's
  
economic growth and to the future of an industry
  
and an individual business. 

 the same (thing) as 
equal to; like. Asserting
  that the deficit numbers ``have no clothes'' is not
  the same thing as saying that all is fine in the
  nation's economic affairs. 
Asserting that the
  
deficit numbers ``have no clothes'' is not like
  
saying that all is fine in the nation's economic
  
affairs. 

 the same exact 
just (the); the exact; the same.
  
These are high-grade municipal bonds, the same
  exact ones that the banks buy. 
These are
  
high-grade municipal bonds, the same ones that the
  
banks buy. 

 the same thing 
as much; the same. Looking back, I
  find I did the same thing. 
Looking back, I find I
  
did the same. ■ The state's consumer chief said
  she may do the same thing here. 
The state's
  
consumer chief said she may do the same here.  ■
  Others have discovered the same thing. 
Others have
  
discovered as much. 

 the same way 
as; like. Normally when you make a
  printout, it looks the same way it does when
  displayed on the screen. 
Normally when you make a
  
printout, it looks as it does when displayed on the
  
screen. 

 the scale of delete.  


  
the scope of delete. The scope of the loss of
  control over one's body can only be understood
  through a personal experience. 
The loss of control
  
over one's body can only be understood through a
  
personal experience. ■ The Foreign Technology
  Abstract Newsletter has dramatically expanded the
  scope of its coverage, becoming a true newsletter
  incorporating news of current worldwide
  developments in foreign technology into its format.
  
The Foreign Technology Abstract Newsletter has
  
dramatically expanded its coverage, becoming a true
  
newsletter incorporating news of current worldwide
  
developments in foreign technology into its format.

 the single best (biggest; greatest; largest; most)
  
the best (biggest; greatest; largest; most). The
  single most important issue for women is equal pay
  for equal work. 
The most important issue for women
  
is equal pay for equal work. ■ The single best
  predictor of reading ability is the number of
  stories read to that child before he or she gets to
  school. 
The best predictor of reading ability is
  
the number of stories read to that child before he
  
or she gets to school. 

 the situation with 
right; so; true; delete.  This
  is often the situation with inexperienced managers,
  but it can be remedied with management training.
  
This is often so with inexperienced managers, but
  
it can be remedied with management training. 

 the space of delete. Within the space of a few
  minutes, he was dead. 
Within a few minutes, he was
  
dead. 

 the state of delete. The state of Massachusetts is
  considering a similar law. 
Massachusetts is
  
considering a similar law. ■ The 11th district of
  the Federal Home Loan Bank system includes almost
  every savings and loan and savings bank in the
  states of California, Arizona, and Nevada. 
The
  
11th district of the Federal Home Loan Bank system
  
includes almost every savings and loan and savings
  
bank in California, Arizona, and Nevada. 

 the state of (the ... state) 
the; delete.
  Consumers were more confident about the state of
  the economy in December than during the same month
  last year. 
Consumers were more confident about the
  
economy in December than during the same month last
  
year. ■ The state of deterioration is so advanced
  that the government now fears that the approaching
  typhoon season will be Okinotorishima's last if the
  massive reclamation project is not completed in
  time. 
The deterioration is so advanced that the
  
government now fears that the approaching typhoon
  
season will be Okinotorishima's last if the massive
  
reclamation project is not completed in time. ■
  Many priests feel celibacy is no greater than the
  married state. 
Many priests feel celibacy is no
  
greater than marriage. 

 the subject of delete. Both authors have written
  widely on the subject of behavioral science
  research and application. 
Both authors have
  
written widely on behavioral science research and
  
application. ■ Because of changing societal
  demands and preferences, there is an increasing
  public interest in the subject of corporate
  governance. 
Because of changing societal demands
  
and preferences, there is an increasing public
  
interest in corporate governance. 

 the sum of 
all; delete.   

 the time will come when 
at length; eventually; in
  
due time; in the end; in time; later; one day; over
  
the months (years); over time; someday; sometime;
  
ultimately; with time; yet. The time will come
  when you will appreciate all I've done for you.
  
One day you will appreciate all I've done for you.

 the topic of delete. Knowledge Center is a library
  of lessons on the topics of project management,
  supervisory skills, business writing, computer
  literacy, strategic planning, forecasting, business
  math, finance and accounting, and negotiating.
  
Knowledge Center is a library of lessons on
  
project management, supervisory skills, business
  
writing, computer literacy, strategic planning,
  
forecasting, business math, finance and accounting,
  
and negotiating. ■ He spoke on the topic of
  probate lawyers and fiduciaries at the recent ABA
  convention in Toronto. 
He spoke on probate lawyers
  
and fiduciaries at the recent ABA convention in
  
Toronto. 

 the total (of) 
all; delete.   

 the totality of 
all; delete.  If you look at the
  totality of votes cast, Jackson is very well off.
  
If you look at all the votes cast, Jackson is very
  
well off. 

 the truth is (that) 
actually; indeed; in fact; in
  
faith; in truth; really; truly; delete.   

 the truth of the matter is (that) 
actually;
  
indeed; in fact; in faith; in reality; in truth;
  
really; truly; delete.  The truth of the matter is
  nobody can deny there's a problem. 
Nobody can deny
  
there's a problem. ■ The truth of the matter is
  that glasnost and communism are incompatible. 
In
  
truth, glasnost and communism are incompatible. ■
  The truth of the matter is when the president calls
  and says I want you to be my Secretary of the
  Treasury, you do it. 
When the president calls and
  
says I want you to be my Secretary of the Treasury,
  
you do it. 

 the ... use of 
using; delete.  The use of proper
  line weights greatly improves a drawing's
  readability and appearance. 
Using proper line
  
weights greatly improves a drawing's readability
  
and appearance. ■ Would the use of these
  exacerbate the situation? 
Would using these
  
exacerbate the situation? ■ This construction is
  performed with the use of a compass and a
  straightedge. 
This construction is performed with
  
a compass and a straightedge. ■ Our extensive
  curriculum is presented by specialists with years
  of experience in the use of the techniques they
  teach. 
Our extensive curriculum is presented by
  
specialists with years of experience in the
  
techniques they teach. ■ Verification of the
  debt's nature is determined through the use of
  ``tracing rules,'' under which the borrower must
  provide evidence of claimed expenditures.
  
Verification of the debt's nature is determined
  
through ``tracing rules,'' under which the borrower
  
must provide evidence of claimed expenditures. 

 the way 
as. When the images are the way you want
  them, you print the document, and the picture files
  that the codes refer to are merged into the
  document. 
When the images are as you want them,
  
you print the document, and the picture files that
  
the codes refer to are merged into the document. ■
  Look carefully at the results, and try to determine
  why they behave the way they do. 
Look carefully at
  
the results, and try to determine why they behave
  
as they do. 

 the why and (the) wherefore (of) 
aim; cause; goal;
  
motive; purpose; reason. We're going to be talking
  about the whys and the wherefores of his lead.
  
We're going to be talking about the reasons for
  
his lead. 

 the year (of) delete. Nearly 2,500 years ago, in
  the year 500 B.C., the first object which could
  project an image was made in ancient China. 
Nearly
  
2,500 years ago, in 500 B.C., the first object
  
which could project an image was made in ancient
  
China. ■ By the year 2025, China will have an
  estimated 1.49 billion people, and India 1.44
  billion. 
By 2025, China will have an estimated
  
1.49 billion people, and India 1.44 billion. 

 (a; the) ... thing delete. It's a tricky thing.
  
It's tricky. ■ Censorship is a very dangerous
  thing. 
Censorship is very dangerous. ■ It's a
  very complex thing. 
It's very complex. ■ It's an
  uncomfortable thing to say. 
It's uncomfortable to
  
say. ■ Suicide doesn't seem like such a bad thing
  anymore. 
Suicide doesn't seem so bad anymore. ■
  It's a very difficult thing. 
It's very difficult.

 thinking in (my) mind 
thinking. What were you
  thinking in your mind when you bought the two guns
  and the knife? 
What were you thinking when you
  
bought the two guns and the knife? 

 think to myself 
think. As they were yelling at
  me, I thought to myself, ``These can't be my
  parents.'' 
As they were yelling at me, I thought,
  
``These can't be my parents.'' 

 thirdly 
third. 

 this coming 
next; this. This coming Wednesday we
  are having our town fair. 
This Wednesday we are
  
having our town fair. 

 those individuals (people; persons) 
people
  
(persons); those. Only those people authorized to
  have access to information are allowed to see it.
  
Only people authorized to have access to
  
information are allowed to see it. ■ The program
  quickly gained popularity among those people who
  had experience on the Wang. 
The program quickly
  
gained popularity among those who had experience on
  
the Wang. ■ Advocates are those people who want
  change but do not have the power to sponsor it
  themselves. 
Advocates are those who want change
  
but do not have the power to sponsor it themselves.

 through and through 
all through; completely;
  
entirely; thoroughly; throughout; totally; wholly.

 throughout ... entire (whole) 
entire (whole);
  
throughout. He was in trouble throughout his
  entire life. 
He was in trouble his entire life. ■
  This problem doesn't exist throughout the entire
  race. 
This problem doesn't exist throughout the
  
race. 

 throughout the length and breadth (of) 
all
  
through; completely; entirely; thoroughly;
  
throughout; totally; wholly. 

 through (throughout) the course (duration; length)
  of 
during; for; in; over; throughout; when;
  
while; with. This report is our opportunity to
  share the insights we have gained throughout the
  course of the study. 
This report is our
  
opportunity to share the insights we have gained
  
throughout the study. ■ When we return, we'll have
  the answers to all the questions we've been posing
  throughout the course of this broadcast. 
When we
  
return, we'll have the answers to all the questions
  
we've been posing during this broadcast. ■ They
  have a great organization, and through the course
  of the years, they've proven it works. 
They have a
  
great organization, and over the years, they've
  
proven it works. 

 through the medium of 
by; from; in; on; over;
  
through; with. My basic interest is the lucid
  communication of ideas through the medium of print.
  
My basic interest is the lucid communication of
  
ideas through print. 

 through the use of 
by; in; through; with. Verbal
  reasoning is the ability to think, comprehend, and
  communicate effectively through the use of words.
  
Verbal reasoning is the ability to think,
  
comprehend, and communicate effectively with words.

 through whatever (whichever) manner (means)
  
despite how; however. 

 through what (which) means (mechanism) 
how. 

 throw into a rage 
enrage. 

 throw into doubt 
challenge; contradict; dispute;
  
doubt; question. 

 throw into jeopardy 
endanger; imperil; jeopardize.
  
The sale, which would have been one of the
  nation's largest bottling transactions ever, was
  thrown into jeopardy Friday, when an FTC request
  for more information for antitrust appraisal pushed
  the transaction into 1989. 
The sale, which would
  
have been one of the nation's largest bottling
  
transactions ever, was jeopardized Friday, when an
  
FTC request for more information for antitrust
  
appraisal pushed the transaction into 1989. 

 throw into question 
challenge; contradict;
  
dispute; doubt; question. 

 thusly 
thus. 

 till (until) after 
before; till (until). Do not
  delete the first code until after you have made the
  adjustments. 
Do not delete the first code until
  
you have made the adjustments. 

 till (until) the juncture (juncture in time; moment;
  moment in time; period; period in time; point;
  point in time; stage; stage in time; time) (that;
  when) 
till (until). Until the time that deposit
  interest rates were set free to seek levels
  dictated by the financial markets, the thrift
  business was uncomplicated. 
Until deposit interest
  
rates were set free to seek levels dictated by the
  
financial markets, the thrift business was
  
uncomplicated. 

 till (until) ... then 
till (until). Until we
  realize that all addictive chemical substances are
  fair game in the war on drugs, then the war cannot
  be won, much less fought. 
Until we realize that
  
all addictive chemical substances are fair game in
  
the war on drugs, the war cannot be won, much less
  
fought. 

 till (until) the recent past 
till (until) lately;
  
till (until) of late; till (until) recently;
  delete.  Until the recent past, such courses were
  taken, often as electives, by advanced
  undergraduates who already had a certain degree of
  sophistication. 
Until recently, such courses were
  
taken, often as electives, by advanced
  
undergraduates who already had a certain degree of
  
sophistication. 

 time after time 
frequently; often; recurrently;
  
regularly; repeatedly. Time after time, the
  Democrats have turned to the idea of raising taxes.
  
The Democrats have regularly turned to the idea of
  
raising taxes. 

 time and (time) again 
frequently; often;
  
recurrently; regularly; repeatedly. This has been
  demonstrated time and time again in their
  subsequent on-the-job experiences. 
This has been
  
repeatedly demonstrated in their subsequent
  
on-the-job experiences. 

 time-consuming 
drawn-out; lengthy; long;
  
prolonged; protracted. For instruments already in
  orbit, astronomers can only continue to identify
  the unwanted data, a time-consuming but manageable
  task. 
For instruments already in orbit,
  
astronomers can only continue to identify the
  
unwanted data, a lengthy but manageable task. 

 (a; the) time frame (of) 
age; eon; epoch; era;
  
interval; period; time; delete.  Outpacing both,
  however, were the regional banks, which moved up 29
  percent over the same time frame. 
Outpacing both,
  
however, were the regional banks, which moved up 29
  
percent over the same period. ■ The state
  investigators have also studied use of pesticides
  to see if any were used differently during the
  so-called window of exposure, a time frame of about
  two years between 1980 and 1982 when a common
  environmental factor may have been present. 
The
  
state investigators have also studied use of
  
pesticides to see if any were used differently
  
during the so-called window of exposure, about two
  
years between 1980 and 1982 when a common
  
environmental factor may have been present. ■ A
  confirmed carbon date placing the shroud in the
  medieval time frame has nothing to do with
  determining the nature of the image on the cloth.
  
A confirmed carbon date placing the shroud in the
  
medieval age has nothing to do with determining the
  
nature of the image on the cloth. 

 (a; the) time horizon (of) 
age; eon; epoch; era;
  
interval; period; time; delete.  Estimates are
  then made of the values of these factors over an
  appropriate time horizon. 
Estimates are then made
  
of the values of these factors over an appropriate
  
time. ■ The Income Stock Fund strives to provide
  income and principal growth at a reasonable rate
  over a three- to five-year investment time horizon.
  
The Income Stock Fund strives to provide income
  
and principal growth at a reasonable rate over a
  
three- to five-year investment period. 

 (a; the) time interval (of) 
interval; period;
  
time. Float is the time interval between the time
  a check is written and the time it is finally taken
  from the check writer's account. 
Float is the
  
interval between the time a check is written and
  
the time it is finally taken from the check
  
writer's account. 

 time of day 
time. 

 (a; the) time period (of) 
age; eon; epoch; era;
  
interval; period; time; delete.  Income tax
  regulations allow recognition of certain
  transactions for tax purposes in time periods other
  than the period during which the transaction will
  be recognized in the determination of net income
  for financial reporting purposes. 
Income tax
  
regulations allow recognition of certain
  
transactions for tax purposes in periods other than
  
the period during which the transaction will be
  
recognized in the determination of net income for
  
financial reporting purposes. ■ The Greek material
  is similar to stone tools from Hungary and Bulgaria
  dated to about the same time period. 
The Greek
  
material is similar to stone tools from Hungary and
  
Bulgaria dated to about the same age. 

 (five) times over 
(five)fold. He was able to
  increase the conviction of drug traffickers five
  times over. 
He was able to increase the conviction
  
of drug traffickers fivefold. 

 (a; the) time span (of) 
age; eon; epoch; era;
  
interval; period; time; delete.  He says they
  would like to achieve 10-millisecond resolution,
  and adds that audiences can perceive tempo changes
  within that time span. 
He says they would like to
  
achieve 10-millisecond resolution, and adds that
  
audiences can perceive tempo changes within that
  
time. ■ Over the same time span, the savings rate
  rose from 4.1 to 5.4 percent. 
Over the same
  
period, the savings rate rose from 4.1 to 5.4
  
percent. 

 time was when 
formerly; long ago; once. 

 tiny (little) bit 
bit; fragment; hint; piece;
  
shred; speck; trace. The prosecution attempted to
  identify the victim through tiny bits of human
  skin, flesh, and teeth found in a pile of wood
  chips. 
The prosecution attempted to identify the
  
victim through pieces of human skin, flesh, and
  
teeth found in a pile of wood chips. ■ This tiny
  bit of code is used by the ProDOS 8
  interrupt-handling subroutine. 
This fragment of
  
code is used by the ProDOS 8 interrupt-handling
  
subroutine. ■ I think Kroger management is just a
  tiny bit more relaxed than they were yesterday. 
I
  
think Kroger management is just a bit more relaxed
  
than they were yesterday. 

 tiny little 
little; tiny. 

 title delete. One of the most successful shows on
  TV that year happened to be titled ``St.
  Elsewhere.'' 
One of the most successful shows on
  
TV that year happened to be ``St. Elsewhere.'' 

 (in order) to accomplish (achieve) that (this) aim
  (end; goal; objective) 
to that (this) end; toward
  
that (this) end. To accomplish this goal, two
  special task forces were established. 
To this end,
  
two special task forces were established. ■ In
  order to achieve that objective, Congress in 1985
  authorized the Peace Corps to double its volunteers
  to 10,000. 
Toward that end, Congress in 1985
  
authorized the Peace Corps to double its volunteers
  
to 10,000. 

 to a certain (limited; some) degree 
in a sense; in
  
part; less often; less so; more or less; partially;
  
partly; rather; some; somewhat; delete.  To some
  degree, all three of them may play a role. 
All
  
three of them may play some role. ■ This depends
  to a limited degree on whether the company follows
  a global or a national strategy focus. 
This partly
  
depends on whether the company follows a global or
  
a national strategy focus. ■ You can intimidate
  umpires to a certain degree. 
You can intimidate
  
umpires somewhat. ■ The five manufacturing
  industries covered by the new rules are gloves and
  mittens, buttons and buckles, handkerchiefs,
  embroideries and, to a limited degree, jewelry.
  
The five manufacturing industries covered by the
  
new rules are gloves and mittens, buttons and
  
buckles, handkerchiefs, embroideries and, less so,
  
jewelry. 

 to a certain (limited; some) extent 
in a sense; in
  
part; less so; more or less; partially; partly;
  
rather; some; somewhat; delete.  These are two
  factors that women can control to some extent.
  
These are two factors that women can somewhat
  
control. ■ In Germany, and to some extent in
  Japan, our products are now priced competitively.
  
In Germany, and less so in Japan, our products are
  
now priced competitively. ■ I agree with you to a
  certain extent. 
I agree with you in a sense. ■
  Besides depending on managers' conceptual skills,
  all plans rest to some extent on three basic
  elements: objectives, assumptions, and forecasts.
  
Besides depending on managers' conceptual skills,
  
all plans rest partly on three basic elements:
  
objectives, assumptions, and forecasts. ■ It does
  restrict our movements to some extent. 
It does
  
more or less restrict our movements. ■ The first
  sort of tendency is countered to some extent by the
  fear of getting the reputation of not producing
  work that other scientists can safely use. 
The
  
first sort of tendency is partially countered by
  
the fear of getting the reputation of not producing
  
work that other scientists can safely use. 

 to a degree 
in part; more or less; partially;
  
partly; rather; some; somewhat; delete. Any
  choice would have been controversial to a degree.
  
Any choice would have been somewhat controversial.

 to a ... degree 
-(al)ly; delete.  We have reduced
  our nuclear weaponry to a significant degree. 
We
  
have significantly reduced our nuclear weaponry. ■
  To a surprising degree, we find the outlook
  hopeful. 
We find the outlook surprisingly
  
hopeful. ■ A falling dollar in international
  exchange markets has to a considerable degree
  offset the rise in the domestic markets. 
A falling
  
dollar in international exchange markets has
  
considerably offset the rise in the domestic
  
markets. 

 to a ... extent 
-(al)ly; delete.  Economic growth
  and personal prosperity have increased to a
  remarkable extent over the past ten years in the
  OECD countries. 
Economic growth and personal
  
prosperity have increased remarkably over the past
  
ten years in the OECD countries. ■ It's a change
  that's already been worked out to a considerable
  extent at the local level. 
It's a change that's
  
already been considerably worked out at the local
  
level. 

 to a great (large) degree 
almost all; chiefly;
  
commonly; generally; greatly; in general; largely;
  
mainly; most; mostly; most often; much; nearly all;
  
normally; overall; typically; usually; well. The
  blood supply is exceptionally safe and protected to
  a great degree by existing screening tests and the
  self-deferral of individuals at high risk. 
The
  
blood supply is exceptionally safe and well
  
protected by existing screening tests and the
  
self-deferral of individuals at high risk. ■
  Because the state will pay for the bulk of building
  and running the school, it will naturally be
  involved in the project to a large degree. 
Because
  
the state will pay for the bulk of building and
  
running the school, it will naturally be much
  
involved in the project. ■ In Malaysia, imports
  are controlled to a great degree by a handful of
  European commission houses. 
In Malaysia, imports
  
are mostly controlled by a handful of European
  
commission houses. 

 to a greater (larger) degree (extent) 
more; more
  
often; more so. The risks of radiation are
  understood to a much greater degree than many other
  risks we take for granted. 
The risks of radiation
  
are understood much more than many other risks we
  
take for granted. ■ From the perspective of the
  small company, the increasing use of strategic
  partnerships will create situations where small
  companies will be able to exploit technologies to a
  greater extent than was possible in the past. 
From
  
the perspective of the small company, the
  
increasing use of strategic partnerships will
  
create situations where small companies will be
  
able to exploit technologies more often than was
  
possible in the past. ■ We've tightened our
  strategic focus on department stores, and we're
  emphasizing customer service to a greater extent
  than ever before. 
We've tightened our strategic
  
focus on department stores, and we're emphasizing
  
customer service more than ever before. ■ Black
  males suffer from debilitating health problems to a
  greater degree than males in other ethnic and
  racial groups. 
More black males suffer from
  
debilitating health problems than males in other
  
ethnic and racial groups.

 to a greater or lesser degree (extent) 
in part; in
  
some way; more or less; partially; partly; rather;
  
some; somehow; someway(s); somewhat; to some degree
  
(extent); various; variously; varying; varyingly;
  delete.  Malamud's subsequent career provides a
  paradigm of sorts of the transition that has marked
  the careers of writers who were raised, to a
  greater or lesser degree, as Jews who lived in
  America but have spent the greater part of their
  adult lives as American novelists or playwrights,
  poets or critics who happen to be Jewish.
  
Malamud's subsequent career provides a paradigm of
  
sorts of the transition that has marked the careers
  
of writers who were raised, more or less, as Jews
  
who lived in America but have spent the greater
  
part of their adult lives as American novelists or
  
playwrights, poets or critics who happen to be
  
Jewish. 

 to a great (large) extent 
almost all; chiefly;
  
commonly; generally; greatly; in general; largely;
  
mainly; most; mostly; most often; much; nearly all;
  
normally; overall; typically; usually; well. That
  image to a large extent is created by what the U.S.
  government says the Soviet Union is like. 
That
  
image is largely created by what the U.S.
  
government says the Soviet Union is like. ■ Its
  costs are to a great extent measured in foreign
  currencies without an offsetting increase in
  revenues. 
Its costs are mostly measured in foreign
  
currencies without an offsetting increase in
  
revenues. ■ To a large extent, the success of any
  business venture depends on planning. 
The success
  
of any business venture chiefly depends on
  
planning. 

 to a lesser (lower; smaller) degree (extent) 
less;
  
less often; less so. Some have been dramatically
  affected by this pilgrimage; others to a lesser
  degree. 
Some have been dramatically affected by
  
this pilgrimage; others less so. ■ It is only in
  Iowa and, to a lesser extent, in New Hampshire,
  that candidates meet so many rural Americans. 
It
  
is only in Iowa and, less often, in New Hampshire
  
that candidates meet so many rural Americans. ■
  The tactics are being used in the Pittston coal
  strike in West Virginia, and to a lesser degree by
  striking telephone workers at NYNEX. 
The tactics
  
are being used in the Pittston coal strike in West
  
Virginia, and less so by striking telephone workers
  
at NYNEX. ■ Traders said that other bond issues
  suffering from depressed prices, although to a far
  lesser extent, were Circle K, Owens-Illinois, and
  even UAL. 
Traders said that other bond issues
  
suffering from depressed prices, although far less
  
so, were Circle K, Owens-Illinois, and even UAL. 

 to all appearances 
apparently; appear (to);
  
outwardly; seem (to); seemingly; superficially. 

 to all appearances ... appear (seem) 
appear
  
(seem). 

 to a major or minor degree (extent) 
in part; in
  
some way; more or less; partially; partly; rather;
  
some; somehow; someway(s); somewhat; to some degree
  
(extent); various; variously; varying; varyingly;
  delete.  All of us are involved in the writing of
  the shows to a major or minor degree. 
All of us
  
are somehow involved in the writing of the shows.

 to an extent 
in part; more or less; partially;
  
partly; rather; some; somewhat; delete. 

 to an increasing degree (extent) 
increasingly;
  
more and more. 

 to a point 
in part; partially; partly; rather;
  
somewhat. Retin A is effective to a point. 
Retin
  
A is somewhat effective. 

 to a (the) point of 
to. The business is very
  close to the point of breaking even. 
The business
  
is very close to breaking even. ■ We do it by
  putting in ridiculous hours and working ourselves
  to the point of numbness. 
We do it by putting in
  
ridiculous hours and working ourselves to numbness.

 to a (the) point (stage) that (when; where) 
so
  
(that); so far (that); so much (that); so that; to;
  
to when; to where; delete.  It got to the point
  where I didn't leave the house at all for fear of
  missing her phone call. 
It got so that I didn't
  
leave the house at all for fear of missing her
  
phone call. ■ Because of the mathematics involved,
  forecasting intimidates some managers to the point
  that they accept projections at face value.
  
Because of the mathematics involved, forecasting
  
so intimidates some managers that they accept
  
projections at face value. ■ Her Parkinson's
  disease has progressed to a point where she is now
  semipsychotic. 
Her Parkinson's disease has
  
progressed to where she is now semipsychotic. ■
  When temperatures drop to the point where frozen
  cloud particles form in the stratosphere, the
  reservoir compounds can suddenly react chemically
  on the particle surfaces. 
When temperatures drop
  
so far that frozen cloud particles form in the
  
stratosphere, the reservoir compounds can suddenly
  
react chemically on the particle surfaces. ■ As
  with Marxism in the Soviet Union, the ideology of
  race has eroded to the point where it can justify
  nothing but the pragmatic survival of a master
  class. 
As with Marxism in the Soviet Union, the
  
ideology of race has so eroded that it can justify
  
nothing but the pragmatic survival of a master
  
class. ■ Of course, few contend that American
  education has deteriorated to the point that it
  produces only illiterates. 
Of course, few contend
  
that American education has deteriorated so much
  
that it produces only illiterates. 

 to be 
-(al)ly; to; delete.  To be frank, I think
  their products are inferior to ours. 
Frankly, I
  
think their products are inferior to ours. ■ To be
  successful, you must work furiously. 
To succeed,
  
you must work furiously. ■ If tobacco were to be
  declared illegal, I would feel comfortable in
  predicting a black market in nicotine smuggling.
  
If tobacco were declared illegal, I would feel
  
comfortable in predicting a black market in
  
nicotine smuggling. 

 to begin (start) with 
first. To begin with, I
  never thought so many people would respond to such
  an intimate question. 
First, I never thought so
  
many people would respond to such an intimate
  
question. 

 to be sure 
certainly; of course; surely. 

 to do delete. Saving money can be difficult to do.
  
Saving money can be difficult. ■ We've been
  fairly aggressive in the number of things we've
  tried to do. 
We've been fairly aggressive in the
  
number of things we've tried. ■ I have to decide
  if I should retrace Sherman's route to the South as
  I originally planned to do. 
I have to decide if I
  
should retrace Sherman's route to the South as I
  
originally planned. ■ Word processors make
  changes, revisions, and reorganizations so easy to
  do that you don't have to think on all these levels
  at the same time. 
Word processors make changes,
  
revisions, and reorganizations so easy that you
  
don't have to think on all these levels at the same
  
time. 

 together as a team (unit) 
as a team (unit);
  
together. Here, in one location, specialists work
  together as a team to fulfill all aspects of a
  patient's needs. 
Here, in one location,
  
specialists work together to fulfill all aspects of
  
a patient's needs. 

 together ... in combination 
in combination;
  
together. They can even be used together in
  combination. 
They can even be used in combination.

 together with 
along with; and; as well as;
  
combined with; coupled with; joined with; paired
  
with; with. The team included psychiatrists,
  psychologists, and neurologists from Georgetown and
  New York universities, together with educators from
  Central Connecticut State University. 
The team
  
included psychiatrists, psychologists, and
  
neurologists from Georgetown and New York
  
universities and educators from Central Connecticut
  
State University. ■ If they have their product
  ready months before the dictionary, they won't be
  able, or will have to wait, to package the book
  together with the software. 
If they have their
  
product ready months before the dictionary, they
  
won't be able, or will have to wait, to package the
  
book with the software. ■ Morgan proposed
  construction of a system of five reservoirs
  together with substantial channel improvements.
  
Morgan proposed construction of a system of five
  
reservoirs coupled with substantial channel
  
improvements. 

 to make (a; the) ... (about; of; on; with) 
to; to
  
-(al)ly. Although it was difficult to make an
  accurate count of the struck coal mines, it
  appeared last night that nine Silesian facilities
  still were occupied by small groups of workers.
  
Although it was difficult to accurately count the
  
struck coal mines, it appeared last night that nine
  
Silesian facilities still were occupied by small
  
groups of workers. ■ I need to make a correction
  about something I said yesterday. 
I need to
  
correct something I said yesterday. ■ I wanted to
  make a comment on his appearance. 
I wanted to
  
comment on his appearance. ■ We will give the
  audience a chance to make inquiries about this. 
We
  
will give the audience a chance to inquire about
  
this. ■ I will do everything possible to make a
  thorough evaluation of your application. 
I will do
  
everything possible to thoroughly evaluate your
  
application. ■ Resellers and suppliers will be
  forced to make a commitment to IC managers.
  
Resellers and suppliers will be forced to commit
  
to IC managers. ■ I am eager to make a deal. 
I am
  
eager to deal. ■ I did try to make contact with
  the people who live in the house where I found it.
  
I did try to contact the people who live in the
  
house where I found it. 

 to one degree (extent) or another 
in part; in some
  
way; more or less; partially; partly; rather; some;
  
somehow; someway(s); somewhat; to some degree
  
(extent); various; variously; varying; varyingly;
  delete.  Competition is present in nearly all of
  our markets to one extent or another. 
Competition
  
is present to some extent in nearly all of our
  
markets. ■ We try to spend time together, and we
  succeed to one degree or another. 
We try to spend
  
time together, and we succeed in part. ■ To one
  degree or another, the writing exhibited here is
  inconsistent with correct word usage or good
  sentence structure. 
The writing exhibited here is
  
in some way inconsistent with correct word usage or
  
good sentence structure. 

 topic of conversation (discussion) 
subject; theme;
  
topic. It was the topic of conversation at our
  first meeting of the school year. 
It was the
  
subject at our first meeting of the school year. ■
  Among the topics of discussion are ``Profiting from
  The Wall Street Journal,'' ``Options─A Fool's
  Game?'' and ``Bonds Are No Longer Boring.'' 
Among
  
the topics are ``Profiting from The Wall Street
  
Journal,'' ``Options─A Fool's Game?'' and ``Bonds
  
Are No Longer Boring.'' 

 to (all) practical purposes 
essentially; in
  
effect; in essence; practically; virtually. 

 to such a degree 
so; so far; so much; such.
  
Newspapers, financial journals, and everyday
  conversations influence most of us to such a degree
  that we are tempted to sell when prices are low and
  buy when prices are high. 
Newspapers, financial
  
journals, and everyday conversations so influence
  
most of us that we are tempted to sell when prices
  
are low and buy when prices are high. ■ Argentine
  President Raul Alfonsin recently warned that the
  economic crisis was destabilizing the nation to
  such a degree that it and other Latin American
  nations ran the risk of ``the emergence of a Hitler
  or a Mussolini, as in Europe after the First World
  War.'' 
Argentine President Raul Alfonsin recently
  
warned that the economic crisis was destabilizing
  
the nation so much that it and other Latin American
  
nations ran the risk of ``the emergence of a Hitler
  
or a Mussolini, as in Europe after the First World
  
War.'' ■ Never have so many crucial issues
  confronting a president depended to such a degree
  on science and technology. 
Never have so many
  
crucial issues confronting a president depended so
  
much on science and technology. ■ The writings of
  Thoreau retain importance and vitality to such a
  degree that a century later they have had
  significant influence on the greatest leaders of
  our time. 
The writings of Thoreau retain such
  
importance and vitality that a century later they
  
have had significant influence on the greatest
  
leaders of our time. 

 to such an extent 
so; so far; so much; such. He
  believes Americans are deluged to such an extent
  with health messages that they exist in a state of
  heightened health consciousness all the time. 
He
  
believes Americans are so deluged with health
  
messages that they exist in a state of heightened
  
health consciousness all the time. ■ The
  introduction of these services increases the future
  business risks to the company to such an extent
  that further delay in the repricing of NET's
  services cannot be tolerated. 
The introduction of
  
these services increases the future business risks
  
to the company so much that further delay in the
  
repricing of NET's services cannot be tolerated. ■
  The American Establishment warmly reciprocated and
  valued his judgment─to such an extent that he was
  even asked to join the Committee on the
  Constitutional System. 
The American Establishment
  
warmly reciprocated and valued his judgment─so much
  
that he was even asked to join the Committee on the
  
Constitutional System. 

 to summarize (sum up) 
in brief; in fine; in short;
  
in sum. 

 to take this opportunity delete. I'd like to take
  this opportunity to commend these women for their
  courage in sharing their stories. 
I'd like to
  
commend these women for their courage in sharing
  
their stories. ■ I'd like to take this opportunity
  to thank the students at Phillips Academy for their
  sizable contribution. 
I'd like to thank the
  
students at Phillips Academy for their sizable
  
contribution. ■ We wish to take this opportunity
  to clarify our proposed plan for use of a portion
  of the first floor of this building as an indoor
  tot play space. 
We wish to clarify our proposed
  
plan for use of a portion of the first floor of
  
this building as an indoor tot play space. 

 total (totally) delete. He went totally bankrupt.
  
He went bankrupt. ■ This person totally destroyed
  my career. 
This person destroyed my career. ■ Her
  second pregnancy was a total disaster. 
Her second
  
pregnancy was a disaster. ■ I was totally
  devastated when I found out he was having an
  affair. 
I was devastated when I found out he was
  
having an affair. ■ Quality means different things
  to different people, so what constitutes quality
  must be a totally subjective evaluation. 
Quality
  
means different things to different people, so what
  
constitutes quality must be a subjective
  
evaluation. ■ I'm the total antithesis of my
  mother. 
I'm the antithesis of my mother. 

 total up 
add; sum; total. When you total up the
  outside and inside executives, you get an
  overwhelming preponderance of board members with a
  managerial mindset. 
When you total the outside and
  
inside executives, you get an overwhelming
  
preponderance of board members with a managerial
  
mindset. 

 to tell (you) the truth 
actually; candidly;
  
frankly; honestly; truthfully; delete.  She was a
  very sweet, kind woman, but to tell you the truth,
  a few of us worried about her. 
She was a very
  
sweet, kind woman, but frankly a few of us worried
  
about her. 

 to that (this) degree (extent) 
so; so far; so
  
much; such. I didn't realize women could lose hair
  to that extent. 
I didn't realize women could lose
  
so much hair. 

 (something) to that (the; this) effect (that)
  
affirming; claiming; conveying; declaring;
  
professing; purporting; saying; suggesting. The
  
Globe story goes on to quote some advice from
  persons working in the area of elderly services, to
  the effect that elderly couples should hold onto
  their houses. 
The Globe
 story goes on to quote
  
some advice from persons working in the area of
  
elderly services, purporting that elderly couples
  
should hold onto their houses. ■ A call to its
  former office in Dallas resulted in a telephone
  company answer to the effect that ``service has
  been disconnected.'' 
A call to its former office
  
in Dallas resulted in a telephone company answer
  
declaring ``service has been disconnected.'' ■ But
  I'm willing to guess that the wording included
  something to the effect that you could have
  ``tax-free annual earnings.'' 
But I'm willing to
  
guess that the wording included saying that you
  
could have ``tax-free annual earnings.'' ■ There
  are some estimates to that effect. 
There are some
  
estimates claiming that. ■ He has never met him,
  and he produced witnesses to that effect. 
He has
  
never met him, and he produced witnesses professing
  
that. 

 to the contrary 
but; conversely; however; instead;
  
no; not so; rather. To the contrary, we found
  there's a strong tendency for counties that have
  high radon levels to have low lung-cancer rates.
  
Instead, we found there's a strong tendency for
  
counties that have high radon levels to have low
  
lung-cancer rates. 

 ... to the contrary 
after all; apart; aside;
  
despite; even with; for all; with all. Appearances
  to the contrary, he insists he doesn't plan to run
  for office. 
Despite appearances, he insists he
  
doesn't plan to run for office. ■ Her adolescent
  frothing to the contrary, the responsibility for
  lasting job satisfaction at any level rests with
  the individual. 
For all her adolescent frothing,
  
the responsibility for lasting job satisfaction at
  
any level rests with the individual. 

 to the degree (that; to which) 
as far as; as much
  
as; so far as; so much as. To the degree that the
  death benefit is prepaid through nursing care
  expenses, that will be subtracted from the sum paid
  to the beneficiaries upon the death of the nursing
  home resident. 
As far as the death benefit is
  
prepaid through nursing care expenses, that will be
  
subtracted from the sum paid to the beneficiaries
  
upon the death of the nursing home resident. ■ To
  the degree that Divi Hotels can do so, it has
  purchased distressed properties at discount prices
  and has then renovated them. 
So far as Divi Hotels
  
can do so, it has purchased distressed properties
  
at discount prices and has then renovated them. ■
  Volume markdowns did not occur to the degree they
  did last year. 
Volume markdowns did not occur as
  
much as they did last year. 

 to the degree (extent) of 
up to. In the event of
  a total loss, the person is self-insured to the
  extent of one-third of the damage. 
In the event of
  
a total loss, the person is self-insured up to
  
one-third of the damage. 

 to the extent (that; to which) 
as far as; as much
  
as; so far as; so much as. To the extent that the
  distribution of income and wealth goes to the heart
  of a country's political ethic, the United States
  has grown unfair. 
So far as the distribution of
  
income and wealth goes to the heart of a country's
  
political ethic, the United States has grown
  
unfair. ■ I help out here and there, but maybe not
  to the extent that she'd like me to. 
I help out
  
here and there, but maybe not as much as she'd like
  
me to. ■ You agree that you will hold all such
  materials and information in confidence, will not
  disclose them to any third party, and will not use
  them other than in preparation of the report,
  except to the extent that such materials or
  information are in the public domain or have been
  rightfully provided to you by a third party. 
You
  
agree that you will hold all such materials and
  
information in confidence, will not disclose them
  
to any third party, and will not use them other
  
than in preparation of the report, except so far as
  
such materials or information are in the public
  
domain or have been rightfully provided to you by a
  
third party. 

 to the greatest (largest) degree (extent) 
as far
  
as; as much as; so far as; so much as. NYNEX asked
  the judge to expedite consideration of the request
  to the greatest extent possible by ordering the DOJ
  to submit its response within 14 days under special
  procedures. 
NYNEX asked the judge to expedite
  
consideration of the request as much as possible by
  
ordering the DOJ to submit its response within 14
  
days under special procedures. 

 to the point 
apt; pertinent; relevant. 

 to the purpose 
apt; pertinent; relevant. 

 to the tune of 
by; delete.  It's the lagniappe
  that members of Congress collect (to the tune of
  $9.8 million in 1987) in return for talking to
  special interest groups with money to spend on
  them. 
It's the lagniappe that members of Congress
  
collect ($9.8 million in 1987) in return for
  
talking to special interest groups with money to
  
spend on them. 

 toward the direction of 
toward. 

 toward the east (north; south; west) 
eastward
  
(northward; southward; westward). 

 to what degree 
how; how far; how much. Privacy
  provisions in current law leave ambiguous to what
  degree such information can be shared. 
Privacy
  
provisions in current law leave ambiguous how much
  
such information can be shared. ■ To what degree
  are you conscious of the theme as you write? 
How
  
conscious of the theme are you as you write? ■ But
  ``The Question of Hu'' also addresses the larger
  question of how we define madness and to what
  degree the madhouse was an instrument of social
  control. 
But ``The Question of Hu'' also addresses
  
the larger question of how we define madness and
  
how much the madhouse was an instrument of social
  
control. 

 to whatever degree (extent) 
however. 

 to what extent 
how; how far; how much. What I
  would like to know is to what extent this is the
  result of reduced parental involvement in the
  child's upbringing. 
What I would like to know is
  
how much this is the result of reduced parental
  
involvement in the child's upbringing. ■ To what
  extent they carried that admiration, only they
  know. 
How far they carried that admiration, only
  
they know. ■ To what extent can the best
  corporations be depended upon to set high
  standards, even to keep an eye out for the public
  interest─especially when national security is
  involved? 
How much can the best corporations be
  
depended upon to set high standards, even to keep
  
an eye out for the public interest─especially when
  
national security is involved? 

 to what length 
how far; how much. Apart from
  other fascinating aspects of the menage a trois, we
  are shown to what lengths some will go to further
  their objectives. 
Apart from other fascinating
  
aspects of the menage a trois, we are shown how far
  
some will go to further their objectives. 

 trace amount 
trace. When the reaction took too
  long, they attributed this to trace amounts of
  water and oxygen, as is usually the case. 
When the
  
reaction took too long, they attributed this to
  
traces of water and oxygen, as is usually the
  
case. ■ He found trace amounts of chemicals in
  unrinsed containers, probably from the glue used to
  keep felt on the balls. 
He found traces of
  
chemicals in unrinsed containers, probably from the
  
glue used to keep felt on the balls. 

 trace back 
trace. The advantage of exploring
  what-ifs individually is that you can see the
  relationship between causes and effects more easily
  because any effects can be traced back to a single
  cause. 
The advantage of exploring what-ifs
  
individually is that you can see the relationship
  
between causes and effects more easily because any
  
effects can be traced to a single cause. ■ From
  dinosaurs to dogs, all land vertebrates trace their
  ancestry back to the water. 
From dinosaurs to
  
dogs, all land vertebrates trace their ancestry to
  
the water. 

 track record 
record. He built the company into a
  fine organization with an excellent track record,
  until the last three or four years. 
He built the
  
company into a fine organization with an excellent
  
record, until the last three or four years. 

 tragical 
tragic. 

 trained expert 
expert. 

 trivial details (facts; ideas; information; matters;
  things) 
trivia. Doesn't the state legislature
  have more important things to work on than to waste
  time and money on such a trivial matter as having
  to dial four extra digits on a telephone? 
Doesn't
  
the state legislature have more important things to
  
work on than to waste time and money on such trivia
  
as having to dial four extra digits on a
  
telephone? ■ While withholding such seemingly
  trivial information as the astronauts' in-orbit
  menus might appear ridiculous, even that might
  provide some clues as to the timing of the launch.
  
While withholding such seeming trivia as the
  
astronauts' in-orbit menus might appear ridiculous,
  
even that might provide some clues as to the timing
  
of the launch. 

 (a; the) true fact 
a fact; factual; so; the truth;
  
true; truthful. That's a true fact. 
That's a
  
fact. 

 true to fact 
fact; factual; so; the truth; true;
  
truthful. 

 turn and turn about 
by turns. 

 twelve midnight 
midnight. 

 twelve noon 
noon. 

 twenty-five (25) percent (of) 
one-fourth (of);
  
one-quarter (of). 

 two twins 
twins. 

 type (of) delete. It was a small, compact type of
  car. 
It was a small, compact car. ■ It's not a
  premeditated-type of act. 
It's not a premeditated
  
act. ■ Dungeons and Dragons is a very seductive
  type of game. 
Dungeons and Dragons is a very
  
seductive game. ■ We're trying to teach policemen
  there's not one of these type of people on every
  street corner. 
We're trying to teach policemen
  
there's not one of these people on every street
  
corner. ■ I'm basically a creative-type person.
  
I'm basically a creative person. ■ She was in a
  psychiatric-type hospital for six months. 
She was
  
in a psychiatric hospital for six months. ■
  They're facsimile-type maps. 
They're facsimile
  
maps. ■ This is pornographic type of humor. 
This
  
is pornographic humor. ■ Paula has such a
  devil-may-care type of attitude. 
Paula has such a
  
devil-may-care attitude. ■ We had experimented
  with different types of material and tested them
  under Israeli conditions. 
We had experimented with
  
different materials and tested them under Israeli
  
conditions.

 U

 unaccustomed to 
not used to; unused to. Adults
  and children who are unaccustomed to caffeine are
  more likely to be affected than the habitual
  consumer. 
Adults and children who are not used to
  
caffeine are more likely to be affected than the
  
habitual consumer. 

 unbeknown (unbeknownst) 
unknown. Unbeknownst to
  most Americans, forest fires are largely
  responsible for the lush flora enjoyed by the
  thousands of visitors who trek to the scenic
  Wyoming retreat each summer. 
Unknown to most
  
Americans, forest fires are largely responsible for
  
the lush flora enjoyed by the thousands of visitors
  
who trek to the scenic Wyoming retreat each
  
summer. ■ Condominium loans were the favored
  product, but unbeknown to the bank, the market for
  condos had already peaked. 
Condominium loans were
  
the favored product, but unknown to the bank, the
  
market for condos had already peaked. 

 under any circumstances (conditions) 
altogether;
  
at all; completely; entirely; ever; fully; never;
  
no matter what; not ever; utterly; whatever;
  
wholly. I will not see him under any
  circumstances. 
I will not see him at all. ■ I
  don't feel it's appropriate to take a commission
  under any circumstances. 
I don't feel it's ever
  
appropriate to take a commission. ■ Ire is a noun,
  and it cannot be used as a verb under any
  circumstances. 
Ire is a noun, and it can never be
  
used as a verb. 

 under certain (some) circumstances (conditions) 
at
  
times; every so often; for (in; with) some (of us;
  
people); from time to time; now and again; now and
  
then; occasionally; once in a while; on occasion;
  
some; sometimes; delete.  Although rhizobia
  normally appear on roots, under certain conditions
  they live on stems instead. 
Although rhizobia
  
normally appear on roots, they sometimes live on
  
stems instead. ■ Consumed in large quantities,
  caffeine can certainly make us jumpy and, under
  some circumstances, may even lead to shaking,
  nervousness, depression, insomnia, disorientation,
  headaches, irritability, and rapid and irregular
  heartbeats. 
Consumed in large quantities, caffeine
  
can certainly make us jumpy and, in some people,
  
may even lead to shaking, nervousness, depression,
  
insomnia, disorientation, headaches, irritability,
  
and rapid and irregular heartbeats. ■ Why does
  fiber, which fights constipation, also cause
  constipation under some circumstances? 
Why does
  
fiber, which fights constipation, also at times
  
cause constipation? ■ Under certain circumstances
  it's all right, and under certain circumstances it
  isn't. 
Sometimes it's all right, and sometimes it
  
isn't. 

 underneath 
below; beneath. Here was a perfect
  chance to demonstrate that the Square had not
  completely ossified underneath a layer of brick and
  limestone. 
Here was a perfect chance to
  
demonstrate that the Square had not completely
  
ossified beneath a layer of brick and limestone. 

 under no circumstances (conditions) 
in no way;
  
never; not; not ever; not once. Under no
  circumstances is it to be used or considered as an
  offer to sell, or a solicitation of any offer to
  buy, any security. 
Never is it to be used or
  
considered as an offer to sell, or a solicitation
  
of any offer to buy, any security. 

 under obligation 
bind; compel; force; obligate;
  
oblige; require; restrict. The lessee usually has
  the option to buy the auto at the end of the lease
  for the assumed residual value but is not under
  obligation to do so. 
The lessee usually has the
  
option to buy the auto at the end of the lease for
  
the assumed residual value but is not obligated to
  
do so. 

 under the weather 
ill; sick; unwell. 

 unfair and inequitable 
inequitable. 

 unfortunately 
sadly; delete.   

 unite together 
unite. 

 universal panacea 
panacea. 

 unless and (or) until 
till; unless; until. 

 unless ... then 
unless. Unless we're prepared to
  say the Japanese are just smarter than we are, then
  we're looking at motivation and role models and
  parents encouraging kids to keep their options
  open. 
Unless we're prepared to say the Japanese
  
are just smarter than we are, we're looking at
  
motivation and role models and parents encouraging
  
kids to keep their options open. 

 unnecessarily 
needlessly. The Japanese countered
  that moving part of the wing production to the
  General Dynamics plant in Fort Worth, Texas, would
  slow the production schedule and unnecessarily
  drive up the costs. 
The Japanese countered that
  
moving part of the wing production to the General
  
Dynamics plant in Fort Worth, Texas, would slow the
  
production schedule and needlessly drive up the
  
costs. 

 unnecessary 
unneeded. 

 unproven 
unproved. In the context of Western
  medicine, acupuncture is still unproven, and it is
  viewed with skepticism by many doctors and
  psychologists. 
In the context of Western medicine,
  
acupuncture is still unproved, and it is viewed
  
with skepticism by many doctors and psychologists.

 unquestionably (so) 
yes. 

 unsubstantiated 
baseless; groundless; unfounded.

 until and (or) unless 
till; unless; until. 

 until such point (time) as 
until. This coverage
  is only valid until either the subscriber or the
  former spouse remarries or until such time as
  provided by the divorce judgment, whichever occurs
  first. 
This coverage is only valid until either
  
the subscriber or the former spouse remarries or
  
until provided by the divorce judgment, whichever
  
occurs first. ■ Instead of a 50-percent pay raise,
  they should have a 50-percent pay cut until such
  time as they rule with honesty, integrity, and
  compassion. 
Instead of a 50-percent pay raise,
  
they should have a 50-percent pay cut until they
  
rule with honesty, integrity, and compassion. ■
  Discussions will continue until such point as I
  have something to show on paper. 
Discussions will
  
continue until I have something to show on paper.

 (an; the) untold number (of) 
countless; endless;
  
infinite; millions (of); myriad; numberless;
  
untold. If state government fails to actively
  support one of the world's most promising
  industries, it will be letting an untold number of
  jobs and revenue dollars slip through its fingers.
  
If state government fails to actively support one
  
of the world's most promising industries, it will
  
be letting untold jobs and revenue dollars slip
  
through its fingers. 

 up in the air 
unanswered; uncertain; unclear;
  
undecided; unresolved; unsettled; unsure. Plans
  for an interview with Castro himself remain up in
  the air, according to a CBS News spokesperson.
  
Plans for an interview with Castro himself remain
  
uncertain, according to a CBS News spokesperson. 

 upon 
on. Do you wish something of the sort had
  happened when the senate was called upon to ratify
  ABM? 
Do you wish something of the sort had
  
happened when the senate was called on to ratify
  
ABM? ■ Deregulation was foisted upon us by
  economists who condemn ``protectionism'' while
  relishing their own academic tenure. 
Deregulation
  
was foisted on us by economists who condemn
  
``protectionism'' while relishing their own
  
academic tenure. 

 up till (until) 
till (until). I was a model up
  until the age of 19. 
I was a model until the age
  
of 19. ■ Does this mean that up until now women
  and minorities have been uneducated and untrained?
  
Does this mean that till now women and minorities
  
have been uneducated and untrained? ■ Up until
  recently, Drexel lawyers had been saying
  confidentially that the crux of the government's
  investigation hinged on the words of Boesky. 
Until
  
recently, Drexel lawyers had been saying
  
confidentially that the crux of the government's
  
investigation hinged on the words of Boesky. 

 up till (until) that (this) juncture (juncture in
  time; moment; moment in time; period; period in
  time; point; point in time; stage; stage in time;
  time) 
so far; thus far; till (until) now (then);
  
to date; up to now (then); (as) yet. Up until this
  point, he hasn't been able to show what he stands
  for. 
Until now, he hasn't been able to show what
  
he stands for. ■ Up until this time, the
  estimating had been done with a Lotus 1-2-3
  spreadsheet. 
Up to then, the estimating had been
  
done with a Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet. 

 up to a maximum of 
up to. If set to Yes, text
  wraps around the box (up to a maximum of 20 boxes
  per page). 
If set to Yes, text wraps around the
  
box (up to 20 boxes per page). 

 up to and including 
through. Every WordStar
  Professional command, feature, and function up to
  and including Release 5 is listed and described in
  detail. 
Every WordStar Professional command,
  
feature, and function through Release 5 is listed
  
and described in detail. 

 up to a point 
rather; somewhat. 

 up to the current (present) (time) 
so far; thus
  
far; till now; to date; until now; up to now; (as)
  
yet. 

 up to that (this) juncture (juncture in time;
  moment; moment in time; period; period in time;
  point; point in time; stage; stage in time; time)
  
so far; thus far; till now (then); to date; until
  
now (then); up to now (then); (as) yet. Up to this
  point, we have discussed these motivation theories
  relating to the needs of the individual. 
Until
  
now, we have discussed these motivation theories
  
relating to the needs of the individual. ■ I lost
  touch with the co-op after 1978, but up to that
  point it was operating without outside (or Peace
  Corps) support. 
I lost touch with the co-op after
  
1978, but till then it was operating without
  
outside (or Peace Corps) support. 

 upward(s) of 
more than; over. They averaged from
  792 parts per million to upwards of 1,000 parts per
  million. 
They averaged from 792 parts per million
  
to over 1,000 parts per million. ■ In 1984, Peru
  had upwards of 40,000 acres of coca plants; today,
  it has 600,000 acres. 
In 1984, Peru had more than
  
40,000 acres of coca plants; today, it has 600,000
  
acres. 

 usage 
use. We project that ATM usage will
  increase to nearly 60 percent by 1995. 
We project
  
that ATM use will increase to nearly 60 percent by
  
1995. ■ Occasional cocaine use among college
  students has dropped to 6 percent from 11 percent a
  year earlier, while occasional usage by friends
  dropped to 31 percent from 36 percent. 
Occasional
  
cocaine use among college students has dropped to 6
  
percent from 11 percent a year earlier, while
  
occasional use by friends dropped to 31 percent
  
from 36 percent. 

 usually but not always 
almost always; most often;
  
nearly always; often; usually. 

 utility 
use; usefulness. This has resulted in the
  much needed return to utility of our long-idled
  bridge. 
This has resulted in the much needed
  
return to use of our long-idled bridge. ■ The
  article on British/American English is a good one,
  but at six pages, its utility is questionable. 
The
  
article on British/American English is a good one,
  
but at six pages, its usefulness is questionable.

 utilization 
use. Utilization of existing schools
  in a region could be optimized to reduce variances
  caused by local population fluctuations. 
Use of
  
existing schools in a region could be optimized to
  
reduce variances caused by local population
  
fluctuations. ■ That must be done through unending
  training, increased awareness of each person's
  limitations, and full utilization of everyone's
  talents, not through some arbitrary elimination
  program. 
That must be done through unending
  
training, increased awareness of each person's
  
limitations, and full use of everyone's talents,
  
not through some arbitrary elimination program. 

 utilize 
employ; use. If utilizing the master
  antenna system is impossible, we will devise a plan
  for running the cable within the building. 
If
  
using the master antenna system is impossible, we
  
will devise a plan for running the cable within the
  
building. ■ Some plate makers utilize alphanumeric
  forms, creating hybrid messages that could be
  written entirely in numeric or alphabetic
  characters. 
Some plate makers use alphanumeric
  
forms, creating hybrid messages that could be
  
written entirely in numeric or alphabetic
  
characters. ■ The Public Broadcasting System
  utilizes outside experts in creating the format for
  its program ``Wall Street Week.'' 
The Public
  
Broadcasting System employs outside experts in
  
creating the format for its program ``Wall Street
  
Week.''

 V

 (a) valuable asset 
(an) asset; valuable. The
  company also has the parent company's financial
  backing, which provides staying power, a valuable
  asset in the capital-intensive central office
  marketplace. 
The company also has the parent
  
company's financial backing, which provides staying
  
power, an asset in the capital-intensive central
  
office marketplace. ■ If all employees are
  recognized as valuable assets, the company will
  have muscle─and managers won't have to flex theirs.
  
If all employees are recognized as valuable, the
  
company will have muscle─and managers won't have to
  
flex theirs. ■ The wasting of this valuable
  national asset, through neglect and privation,
  makes no sense. 
The wasting of this national
  
asset, through neglect and privation, makes no
  
sense. 

 vantage point 
vantage. That it should do so is
  hardly surprising when one considers the unique
  vantage point from which he is able to view the
  historical scene. 
That it should do so is hardly
  
surprising when one considers the unique vantage
  
from which he is able to view the historical scene.

 various and sundry 
assorted; diverse; sundry;
  
varied; various; varying; delete.   

 various different 
assorted; countless; different;
  
diverse; extensive; many; numerous; scores of;
  
sundry; varied; various; varying. Couples have
  various different ways of splitting their money.
  
Couples have various ways of splitting their
  
money. 

 verbalization 
speech; talk. 

 verbalize 
speak; talk; write. Request that those
  who call you regularly put their thoughts in
  writing instead of verbalizing on the phone.
  
Request that those who call you regularly put
  
their thoughts in writing instead of talking on the
  
phone. 

 very delete. It's a very tragic story. 
It's a
  
tragic story. ■ Were you very deeply religious
  before the shooting? 
Were you deeply religious
  
before the shooting? ■ She is a very lovely woman.
  
She is a lovely woman. ■ The driving conditions
  are very treacherous. 
The driving conditions are
  
treacherous. ■ I thought her performance was very
  memorable. 
I thought her performance was
  
memorable. 

 very much -ed (-en) 
much -ed (-en). I was very
  much concerned about that. 
I was much concerned
  
about that. ■ Their efficacy as classroom texts
  would be very much improved if their pedagogical
  features were more plentiful. 
Their efficacy as
  
classroom texts would be much improved if their
  
pedagogical features were more plentiful. 

 very much so 
yes. 

 vestigial remnant 
remnant; vestige. We Americans
  have only a vestigial remnant of several basic
  industries─consumer electronics, photography,
  toymaking, and office equipment to name a few. 
We
  
Americans have only a remnant of several basic
  
industries─consumer electronics, photography,
  
toymaking, and office equipment to name a few. 

 viable delete. Having an affair is not a viable
  solution. 
Having an affair is not a solution. 

 violent explosion 
explosion. 

 (a; the) vital ... in (of; to) 
vital in (to). We
  have been very pleased with their performance and
  have found them to be a vital part of our
  operation. 
We have been very pleased with their
  
performance and have found them to be vital to our
  
operation. ■ A vital key to increasing our
  efforts, righting the U.S. trade deficit, and
  creating new domestic job opportunities will be the
  rate at which we gain footholds in the developing
  countries by establishing a physical presence
  through direct investment. 
Vital to increasing our
  
efforts, righting the U.S. trade deficit, and
  
creating new domestic job opportunities will be the
  
rate at which we gain footholds in the developing
  
countries by establishing a physical presence
  
through direct investment. ■ The price of housing,
  therefore, becomes a vital factor in maintaining
  lifestyle. 
The price of housing, therefore,
  
becomes vital to maintaining lifestyle. ■ The
  Department of Commerce also provides leads to
  potential overseas contacts, suppliers,
  distributors, etc., which is a vital element in the
  success of any export venture. 
The Department of
  
Commerce also provides leads to potential overseas
  
contacts, suppliers, distributors, etc., which is
  
vital to the success of any export venture. 

 vital necessity 
necessity; vital. 

 vocalize 
express; say; state; tell; voice. 

 voice ... (about; for; of; to) delete. The
  researchers, writing in 
Proceedings of the
  
National Academy of Sciences, voiced hope that the
  
discovery may also explain why some people become
  
addicted to alcohol and how that can be prevented.
  

The researchers, writing in Proceedings of the
  National Academy of Sciences, 
hoped that the
  
discovery may also explain why some people become
  
addicted to alcohol and how that can be prevented.
  ■ He also voiced strong support for the
  international effort to make ISDN─Integrated
  Services Digital Network─the universally accepted
  worldwide network of the future. 
He also strongly
  
supported the international effort to make
  
ISDN─Integrated Services Digital Network─the
  
universally accepted worldwide network of the
  
future. ■ They voiced doubt that trees will prove
  to be a bigger source of hydrocarbons than cars in
  most cities. 
They doubted that trees will prove to
  
be a bigger source of hydrocarbons than cars in
  
most cities. 

 voice concern (about) 
agonize (about; over); brood
  
(on; over); dread; fear; fret (about; over);
  
regret; stew (about; over); worry (about; over).
  
Although the judge voiced concern that the
  witnesses could not give a more specific date of
  the incident at the restaurant, he appears to have
  excluded the evidence on the ground that Janice
  made the statements to the defendant and not the
  witnesses. 
Although the judge regretted that the
  
witnesses could not give a more specific date of
  
the incident at the restaurant, he appears to have
  
excluded the evidence on the ground that Janice
  
made the statements to the defendant and not the
  
witnesses. ■ U.S. officials have voiced concern
  about possible Chinese sales of newly developed
  short-range M-9 missiles elsewhere in the Middle
  East. 
U.S. officials have worried about possible
  
Chinese sales of newly developed short-range M-9
  
missiles elsewhere in the Middle East. 

 voice opposition to 
contest; criticize; disagree
  
with; disapprove of; dispute; object to; oppose;
  
protest. Congress in 1986 passed the Montgomery
  Amendment after several governors voiced opposition
  to the Reagan administration's Central American
  policy. 
Congress in 1986 passed the Montgomery
  
Amendment after several governors objected to the
  
Reagan administration's Central American policy. ■
  The officials also voiced their opposition to a
  controversial needle-distribution program that was
  approved by a majority of a state task force. 
The
  
officials also criticized a controversial
  
needle-distribution program that was approved by a
  
majority of a state task force. 

 voice skepticism (about) 
disbelieve; distrust;
  
doubt; mistrust; question. 

 voice sorrow (about) 
bemoan; deplore; grieve;
  
lament; moan; mourn; regret. 

 W

 wage (a; the) ... delete. Congressmen continue to
  wage rigorous campaigns for reelection, and every
  judicial vacancy produces many aspirants willing to
  subject themselves to any indignity to land on the
  bench. 
Congressmen continue to campaign rigorously
  
for reelection, and every judicial vacancy produces
  
many aspirants willing to subject themselves to any
  
indignity to land on the bench. ■ The two families
  waged a bitter wrangle over the largest element in
  the package: a new automobile. 
The two families
  
wrangled bitterly over the largest element in the
  
package: a new automobile. 

 wait around 
wait. The key customers are not going
  to wait around while those issues get resolved.
  
The key customers are not going to wait while
  
those issues get resolved. 

 want to have 
want. We don't want to have the drug
  in our formulary unless it has a superior patient
  care advantage. 
We don't want the drug in our
  
formulary unless it has a superior patient care
  
advantage. 

 warn in advance 
warn. 

 (the) way (in which) 
how; delete.  This overview
  should give you a feel for the way these programs
  work and the way you can use them. 
This overview
  
should give you a feel for how these programs work
  
and how you can use them. ■ That's the way people
  can reduce their blood pressure. 
That's how people
  
can reduce their blood pressure. ■ This review can
  also examine ways in which American competitiveness
  can be enhanced in an increasingly demanding world
  market. 
This review can also examine how American
  
competitiveness can be enhanced in an increasingly
  
demanding world market. 

 ways and means 
means; methods; ways. 

 weather conditions 
weather. The adverse weather
  conditions on Saturday postponed the running of the
  race until a day later. 
The adverse weather on
  
Saturday postponed the running of the race until a
  
day later. ■ Despite the bad weather conditions,
  the bus driver did not reduce his speed. 
Despite
  
the bad weather, the bus driver did not reduce his
  
speed. ■ Farmers, caught between the heat and
  drought, worried about what the weather conditions
  might do to their crop yield next year. 
Farmers,
  
caught between the heat and drought, worried about
  
what the weather might do to their crop yield next
  
year. 

 weld together 
weld. Following the analogy of
  pantheon, Milton welded together pan, ``all,'' and
  demon, ``devil,'' to create pandemonium, which
  literally means ``a place for all demons.''
  
Following the analogy of pantheon, Milton welded
  
pan, ``all,'' and demon, ``devil,'' to create
  
pandemonium, which literally means ``a place for
  
all demons.'' ■ They manufactured their samples by
  welding together two single-crystal gold films.
  
They manufactured their samples by welding two
  
single-crystal gold films. 

 (all) well and fine (good) 
all right; fine; good;
  
great; nice; pleasant; pleasing; welcome; well.
  
Viewing text files is all well and good, of
  course, but what happens when it comes time to
  clean out your 1-2-3 directory? 
Viewing text files
  
is fine, of course, but what happens when it comes
  
time to clean out your 1-2-3 directory? ■ Variety
  and customization are well and good, but they are
  low on most consumers' lists of priorities.
  
Variety and customization are nice, but they are
  
low on most consumers' lists of priorities. 

 were it not for 
but for; except for. 

 what appears (seems) to be 
apparent; seeming.
  
Manchester police also said a bottle of
  nonprescription pills was found in the room along
  with what appeared to be a suicide note.
  
Manchester police also said a bottle of
  
nonprescription pills was found in the room along
  
with an apparent suicide note. 

 what ... for 
why. What did you do that for? 
Why
  
did you do that? 

 what ... happens (occurs; results; takes place) is
  (that) delete. What happens is you have to reach a
  15-percent threshold. 
You have to reach a
  
15-percent threshold. ■ What happens with
  motherhood is you rarely repeat the problems of
  your own mother. 
With motherhood you rarely repeat
  
the problems of your own mother. ■ What happens,
  again and again, is that people with good
  intentions falter. 
Again and again, people with
  
good intentions falter. ■ What's happening is that
  we've got a labored advance since the October
  crash. 
We've got a labored advance since the
  
October crash. 

 what have you 
whatnot. 

 what in God's (heaven's) name 
whatever; what ever.
  
What in God's name does it have to do with the
  subject of business? 
Whatever does it have to do
  
with the subject of business? 

 what in the world (on earth) 
whatever; what ever.
  
What on earth are you talking about? 
Whatever are
  
you talking about? 

 what is ... (is that) 
-(al)ly; delete.  What we
  need is a way to go directly to the partition
  block. 
We need a way to go directly to the
  
partition block. ■ This is what is shown in the
  figure. 
This is shown in the figure. ■ What we
  hope to do is increase our inventory and decrease
  our costs. 
We hope to increase our inventory and
  
decrease our costs. ■ What's at issue is a federal
  law that prohibits this kind of solicitation. 
At
  
issue is a federal law that prohibits this kind of
  
solicitation. ■ What I'm going to do is relax the
  body. 
I'm going to relax the body. ■ What we have
  described is a typical, hierarchical,
  central-processor-based, on-line architecture. 
We
  
have described a typical, hierarchical,
  
central-processor-based, on-line architecture. ■
  What has brought them to the hospital's overweight
  program is peer pressure. 
Peer pressure has
  
brought them to the hospital's overweight program.
  ■ What is not so clear or commonly accepted is the
  scope and nature of these obligations. 
Not so
  
clear or commonly accepted is the scope and nature
  
of these obligations. ■ What is clear is that the
  Energy Department should be thinking in terms of a
  thorough-going down-sizing of America's nuclear
  arsenal, not a gold-plated rebuilding of its
  cold-war capacity. 
Clearly, the Energy Department
  
should be thinking in terms of a thorough-going
  
down-sizing of America's nuclear arsenal, not a
  
gold-plated rebuilding of its cold-war capacity. ■
  What is more important, it must set standards for
  not using them. 
More important, it must set
  
standards for not using them. 

 what is called (known as; named; referred to as;
  termed) delete. Many municipal and rural
  developments are located within what is referred to
  as the flood plain. 
Many municipal and rural
  
developments are located within the flood plain. ■
  After a while, a file may end up scattered all over
  the disk on what are called noncontiguous sectors.
  
After a while, a file may end up scattered all
  
over the disk on noncontiguous sectors. ■
  Conspicuous consumption is the economist's term for
  what is referred to as ``keeping up with the
  Joneses.'' 
Conspicuous consumption is the
  
economist's term for ``keeping up with the
  
Joneses.'' 

 what is the time frame (time horizon; time period;
  time span) in which (of) 
when. What was the time
  frame in which you had your relationship with
  President Kennedy? 
When did you have your
  
relationship with President Kennedy? 

 what is the likelihood (probability) (of) 
how
  
likely (probable). What is the likelihood of that?
  
How likely is that? 

 what I want to say is delete.  


  
what (whatever; which; whichever) one(s) 
what
  
(whatever; which; whichever). Which one would be
  accomplished better or faster with the help of a
  computer? 
Which would be accomplished better or
  
faster with the help of a computer? ■ Whichever
  one you select, it will be an improvement on the
  one you now have. 
Whichever you select, it will be
  
an improvement on the one you now have. ■ Three
  months later, you won't have to guess which one is
  the latest version. 
Three months later, you won't
  
have to guess which is the latest version. 

 whatsoever 
at all; whatever. As far as I'm
  concerned, twins have no ESP ability whatsoever.
  
As far as I'm concerned, twins have no ESP ability
  
whatever. ■ There's been no action taken with
  regard to any of our products and there's no truth
  whatsoever to the allegations. 
There's been no
  
action taken with regard to any of our products and
  
there's no truth at all to the allegations. ■ To
  me, this is enjoyable work, and I don't feel any
  danger whatsoever. 
To me, this is enjoyable work,
  
and I don't feel any danger whatever. 

 what with 
with. What with the constant change in
  today's world, financial plans must be continually
  updated. 
With the constant change in today's
  
world, financial plans must be continually
  
updated. ■ I sometimes wonder if it's worth it to
  send my kids to school, what with all the time they
  spend out of it for holidays, in-service days, and
  so on. 
I sometimes wonder if it's worth it to send
  
my kids to school with all the time they spend out
  
of it for holidays, in-service days, and so on. 

 when all is said and done 
all in all; all things
  
considered; all told; altogether; finally; in all;
  
in the end; on the whole; overall. When all is
  said and done, Mr. Marshall emerges as a monster by
  anyone's standards. 
All in all, Mr. Marshall
  
emerges as a monster by anyone's standards. 

 when and as 
as; when. Late payments are subject
  to a late-payment charge of 1 1/2 percent per
  month, and the advertisers agree to pay any such
  late-payment penalty when and as billed by the
  publisher. 
Late payments are subject to a
  
late-payment charge of 1 1/2 percent per month, and
  
the advertisers agree to pay any such late-payment
  
penalty when billed by the publisher. 

 when and (or) if 
if; when. So when and if the
  discount rate is charged, it could well be
  interpreted on Wall Street as nothing more than a
  ``catch-up'' move. 
So if the discount rate is
  
charged, it could well be interpreted on Wall
  
Street as nothing more than a ``catch-up'' move. 

 when and (or) whether 
if; when; whether. 

 when, as, and if 
if; when. 

 when compared to (with) 
against; alongside;
  
beside; compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less
  
than; more; more than; next to; over; than; to;
  
versus; vis-a-vis. There is a 23-percent-higher
  suicide rate of Vietnam veterans when compared to
  other persons in the same age group. 
There is a
  
23-percent-higher suicide rate of Vietnam veterans
  
compared to other persons in the same age group. ■
  Decrying the disarray of the Carter presidency, he
  adds that it now seems a bit tame when compared to
  the foreign policy babble that followed. 
Decrying
  
the disarray of the Carter presidency, he adds that
  
it now seems a bit tamer than the foreign policy
  
babble that followed. ■ He also notes that the
  United States continues to have a number of
  important advantages when compared to most
  countries. 
He also notes that the United States
  
continues to have a number of important advantages
  
over most countries. 

 when (a; the) ... done (finished; over; through)
  
after. 

 when it (you) comes (gets) right down to it 
all in
  
all; all things considered; all told; altogether;
  
in all; on the whole; overall. 

 when it comes to 
about; as for; as to; concerning;
  
for; in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; when; with; delete.  She's very shy when
  it comes to performing in front of an audience.
  
She's very shy about performing in front of an
  
audience. ■ When it comes to educating learning
  disabled and emotionally disturbed children, the
  system is flawed. 
In educating learning disabled
  
and emotionally disturbed children, the system is
  
flawed. ■ There's still a lot of fear, prejudice,
  and ignorance in our country when it comes to AIDS.
  
There's still a lot of fear, prejudice, and
  
ignorance in our country regarding AIDS. ■
  Unfortunately, when it comes to safeguarding
  prosperity, ``almost'' can never be good enough.
  
Unfortunately, when safeguarding prosperity,
  
``almost'' can never be good enough. ■ When it
  comes to financial services, today's consumer is
  more sophisticated, more aware, and more demanding.
  
As for financial services, today's consumer is
  
more sophisticated, more aware, and more
  
demanding. ■ Employers, employees, and society are
  often in conflict when it comes to dealing with
  five key issues facing them today in the workplace.
  
Employers, employees, and society are often in
  
conflict over dealing with five key issues facing
  
them today in the workplace. 

 when measured against 
against; alongside; beside;
  
compared to (with); -(i)er than; less; less than;
  
more; more than; next to; over; than; to; versus;
  
vis-a-vis. The size of the Pennwalt takeover offer
  isn't large when measured against the
  multibillion-dollar bidding wars that have reshaped
  1988 as the year of unprecedented megadeals. 
The
  
size of the Pennwalt takeover offer isn't large
  
alongside the multibillion-dollar bidding wars that
  
have reshaped 1988 as the year of unprecedented
  
megadeals. 

 whensoever 
whenever. 

 when ... then 
when. When the detector no longer
  sounds, then you know you have reached safety.
  
When the detector no longer sounds, you know you
  
have reached safety. ■ When you put these three
  things together, then you end up with excesses.
  
When you put these three things together, you end
  
up with excesses. ■ When external market
  transactions are undesirable because of these
  problems, then firms will internalize across
  national boundaries through FDI. 
When external
  
market transactions are undesirable because of
  
these problems, firms will internalize across
  
national boundaries through FDI. ■ When you have
  chronic cash-flow problems, then your expenditures
  are too large for your revenues. 
When you have
  
chronic cash-flow problems, your expenditures are
  
too large for your revenues. 

 whereabouts 
where. 

 where ... at 
where. We don't really know where we
  are at. 
We don't really know where we are. 

 wherefore 
why. 

 where ... is concerned 
about; as for; as to;
  
concerning; for; in; of; on; over; regarding;
  
respecting; to; toward; with; delete.  Bank
  customers are often less venturesome where their
  money is concerned. 
Bank customers are often less
  
venturesome with their money. ■ Keep in mind that
  bigger isn't necessarily better where information
  is concerned. 
Regarding information, keep in mind
  
that bigger isn't necessarily better. ■ Some ad
  agency executives question a strategy that depends
  primarily on high-tech clients at a time when
  clients are so skittish about conflicts─especially
  where confidential technology is concerned. 
Some
  
ad agency executives question a strategy that
  
depends primarily on high-tech clients at a time
  
when clients are so skittish about
  
conflicts─especially over confidential technology.
  ■ It's beginning to show signs of weakness where
  demand is concerned, but that's true everywhere.
  
It's beginning to show signs of weakness in
  
demand, but that's true everywhere. 

 wheresoever 
wherever. 

 where ... to 
where. 

 whereupon 
whereon. 

 wherewithal 
assets; cash; funds; means; money.
  
The BOCs have the wherewithal to manage their way
  up through these layers in order to be effective
  suppliers of voice messaging services. 
The BOCs
  
have the means to manage their way up through these
  
layers in order to be effective suppliers of voice
  
messaging services. ■ He added that the Minnesotan
  also has the wherewithal to shore up finances
  during bad times. 
He added that the Minnesotan
  
also has the cash to shore up finances during bad
  
times. 

 whether and (or) when 
if; when; whether. 

 whether 
if. A patent can be granted only after
  the PTO examiners have searched existing patents to
  determine whether the invention has been previously
  patented. 
A patent can be granted only after the
  
PTO examiners have searched existing patents to
  
determine if the invention has been previously
  
patented. 

 whether or not 
if; whether. These differences
  determine the power of a computer and whether it
  can execute a given program or not. 
These
  
differences determine the power of a computer and
  
whether it can execute a given program. ■ The
  first issue that they must consider is whether or
  not to seek legal protection for these brands. 
The
  
first issue that they must consider is whether to
  
seek legal protection for these brands. ■ With so
  many choices, the question is not whether or not to
  buy a server but what to implement as a server.
  
With so many choices, the question is not whether
  
to buy a server but what to implement as a server.

 which is delete. The Moscow Papyrus dealt with
  solving practical problems which are related to
  geometry, food preparation, and grain allowance.
  
The Moscow Papyrus dealt with solving practical
  
problems related to geometry, food preparation, and
  
grain allowance. ■ There's a certain enzyme which
  is lacking in their systems. 
There's a certain
  
enzyme lacking in their systems. ■ Tandy Corp.,
  which is probably the largest U.S. distributor of
  small business systems, also sells personal
  computers in its stores. 
Tandy Corp., probably the
  
largest U.S. distributor of small business systems,
  
also sells personal computers in its stores. 

 whichsoever 
whichever. 

 while at the same time 
as; at the same time;
  
while. Another approach to solving the problem of
  meeting different market needs while at the same
  time maximizing the degree of product uniformity is
  the modular approach to product development and
  manufacture. 
Another approach to solving the
  
problem of meeting different market needs while
  
maximizing the degree of product uniformity is the
  
modular approach to product development and
  
manufacture. ■ So the objective of the game within
  the Administration was to finesse the longer-term
  implications of SDI while at the same time
  manipulating the shorter-term impact of the program
  in such a way as either to advance arms control or
  to stop it in its tracks. 
So the objective of the
  
game within the Administration was to finesse the
  
longer-term implications of SDI while manipulating
  
the shorter-term impact of the program in such a
  
way as either to advance arms control or to stop it
  
in its tracks. ■ Women's colleges are offering
  women innovative programs, while at the same time
  they are opening doors for minorities. 
Women's
  
colleges are offering women innovative programs, as
  
they are opening doors for minorities. 

 while concurrently 
as; while. Banks have been
  forced to develop many new asset and liability
  products intended to meet customers' needs while
  concurrently lessening their own vulnerability to
  unexpected rate changes. 
Banks have been forced to
  
develop many new asset and liability products
  
intended to meet customers' needs while lessening
  
their own vulnerability to unexpected rate changes.

 while simultaneously 
as; while. A global company
  needs to coordinate its local and global
  distribution activities to enhance its competitive
  advantages while simultaneously achieving its
  global and local strategic objectives. 
A global
  
company needs to coordinate its local and global
  
distribution activities to enhance its competitive
  
advantages while achieving its global and local
  
strategic objectives. ■ It's a challenge for
  Borland to push Quattro, Paradox, and Sprint on one
  hand to corporate customers, while trying
  simultaneously to create demand for their
  single-user language and utility products on the
  other. 
It's a challenge for Borland to push
  
Quattro, Paradox, and Sprint on one hand to
  
corporate customers, while trying to create demand
  
for their single-user language and utility products
  
on the other. ■ While getting signatures,
  volunteers were simultaneously assessing the degree
  of support for my candidacy. 
While getting
  
signatures, volunteers were assessing the degree of
  
support for my candidacy. 

 who in the world (on earth) 
who ever. Who in the
  world is that? 
Who ever is that? 

 who is delete. Because the county jails have no
  room for them, women who are charged with crimes
  are brought to Framingham. 
Because the county
  
jails have no room for them, women charged with
  
crimes are brought to Framingham. ■ The groups can
  vary from project associates to laymen who are
  unfamiliar with the project and its objectives.
  
The groups can vary from project associates to
  
laymen unfamiliar with the project and its
  
objectives. ■ The current uncritical acceptance of
  feminist history as valid portrayal of the past
  damages the historical profession as a whole and is
  especially detrimental to historians who are women.
  
The current uncritical acceptance of feminist
  
history as valid portrayal of the past damages the
  
historical profession as a whole and is especially
  
detrimental to women historians. 

 whole (wholly) delete. Never in my whole life have
  I ever seen such a thing. 
Never in my life have I
  
ever seen such a thing. ■ We have a whole new
  house to furnish. 
We have a new house to furnish.
  ■ They have not talked a whole lot about radiation
  yet. 
They have not talked a lot about radiation
  
yet. ■ There's a whole plethora of new
  technologies emerging. 
There's a plethora of new
  
technologies emerging. ■ He gave me a whole slew
  of dates to work with. 
He gave me a slew of dates
  
to work with. ■ Behind this growth has been a
  whole host of forces, including unprecedented
  growth in communications networks. 
Behind this
  
growth has been a host of forces, including
  
unprecedented growth in communications networks. ■
  This emerging technology opens up a whole new world
  of opportunities. 
This emerging technology opens
  
up a new world of opportunities. 

 whomsoever 
whomever. 

 whosoever 
whoever. 

 why in the world (on earth) 
why ever. Why in the
  world would liberals oppose the idea? 
Why would
  
liberals ever oppose the idea? ■ But why on earth
  would you use cocaine? 
But why would you ever use
  
cocaine? 

 (many) widely varying 
assorted; broad; countless;
  
different; diverse; extensive; many; numerous;
  
scores of; sundry; varied; various; varying. If a
  distributor bases its application programs on the
  Unix operating system, it can choose among many
  widely varying computers. 
If a distributor bases
  
its application programs on the Unix operating
  
system, it can choose among various computers. 

 widow (widower) of the late 
widow (widower) of. 

 widow woman 
widow. 

 window of opportunity 
chance; opportunity.
  
Interviews with government scientists and
  physicians suggest a critical window of opportunity
  was missed. 
Interviews with government scientists
  
and physicians suggest a critical opportunity was
  
missed. 

 wintertime 
winter. In the wintertime, however,
  the sun's weaker rays generate less heat energy
  near the Earth's surface. 
In the winter, however,
  
the sun's weaker rays generate less heat energy
  
near the Earth's surface. 

 -wise delete. He has a lot of sense, businesswise.
  
He has a lot of business sense. ■ I don't know
  that that would be very effective, costwise. 
I
  
don't know that that would be very cost effective.
  ■ A teenager is in no position, maturitywise, to
  care for a baby. 
A teenager is not mature enough
  
to care for a baby. 

 with a (the) thought of (to) (-ing) 
for (-ing); so
  
as to; to. We assume that they wish to examine
  their consumption patterns with a thought to
  increase their savings rate. 
We assume that they
  
wish to examine their consumption patterns so as to
  
increase their savings rate. 

 with a (the) view of (to) (-ing) 
for (-ing); so as
  
to; to. From the time Macmillan's management
  realized that the company might be raided, it began
  to focus on the information unit, not so much with
  a view to keeping it independent or owned by the
  employees but with a view to grabbing control of it
  for a handful of senior executives. 
From the time
  
Macmillan's management realized that the company
  
might be raided, it began to focus on the
  
information unit, not so much to keep it
  
independent or owned by the employees but to grab
  
control of it for a handful of senior executives.
  ■ All categories of terms have been reviewed and in
  some areas an entirely new approach has been
  adopted with a view to making the book more useful
  for the reader. 
All categories of terms have been
  
reviewed and in some areas an entirely new approach
  
has been adopted so as to make the book more useful
  
for the reader. 

 with few (rare) exception(s) 
almost all; almost
  
every; most; nearly all; nearly every. With rare
  exception, the people we see here have never been
  homeless before and can't believe it's happening to
  them. 
Most of the people we see here have never
  
been homeless before and can't believe it's
  
happening to them. ■ With a few exceptions,
  nominees to the federal bench, over the years, have
  been men and women respected in the legal field for
  scholarship and integrity. 
Nearly all nominees to
  
the federal bench, over the years, have been men
  
and women respected in the legal field for
  
scholarship and integrity. ■ With few exceptions,
  federal and state policies are not aimed at
  upgrading the technology of existing firms. 
Almost
  
all federal and state policies are not aimed at
  
upgrading the technology of existing firms. 

 with increasing frequency 
increasingly; more and
  
more. With increasing frequency, designers,
  critics, and executives alike are attacking the
  entire premise of America's response to trade
  competition. 
Increasingly, designers, critics, and
  
executives alike are attacking the entire premise
  
of America's response to trade competition. ■
  Women are dating younger men with increasing
  frequency. 
More and more women are dating younger
  
men. 

 without a (any) question (shadow) of a doubt
  
certainly; doubtless; no doubt; surely; without
  
(a; any) doubt. 

 without basis in fact 
baseless; groundless;
  
unfounded. 

 without (a; any) doubt 
certainly; doubtless; no
  
doubt; surely. 

 without equal 
matchless; novel; peerless;
  
singular; special; unequaled; unique; unmatched;
  
unrivaled. 

 without exception 
all; always; consistently;
  
constantly; every; everybody; everyone; every time;
  
invariably; unfailingly; delete.  Without
  exception, consumers should be aware that caveat
  emptor is an understatement in this field.
  
Consumers should always be aware that caveat
  
emptor is an understatement in this field. ■
  Without exception, the leaders and members of
  various congregations report a new attitude from
  the Soviet leadership that promises a reason for
  optimism. 
All the leaders and members of various
  
congregations report a new attitude from the Soviet
  
leadership that promises a reason for optimism. ■
  People who are collector-oriented and buy coins
  because they like them have, without exception,
  done quite well. 
People who are collector-oriented
  
and buy coins because they like them have
  
unfailingly done quite well. ■ Without exception,
  no agency of your size, or bigger, or smaller, does
  what you propose. 
No agency of your size, or
  
bigger, or smaller, does what you propose. 

 without foundation 
baseless; groundless;
  
unfounded. Most allegations of men abusing their
  children are totally without foundation. 
Most
  
allegations of men abusing their children are
  
totally unfounded. 

 without number 
countless; endless; infinite;
  
millions (of); myriad; numberless; untold. 

 without peer 
matchless; novel; peerless; singular;
  
special; unequaled; unique; unmatched; unrivaled.
  
He is the entrepreneur extraordinaire; he is
  without peer. 
He is the entrepreneur
  
extraordinaire; he is peerless. 

 without (a) question 
certainly; doubtless; no
  
doubt; surely. 

 with reference to 
about; as for; as to;
  
concerning; for; in; of; on; over; regarding;
  
respecting; to; toward; with; delete.  With
  reference to the stereo, I think she should have
  put it in storage. 
Concerning the stereo, I think
  
she should have put it in storage. ■ With
  reference to your article on the World Bank, the
  Bank has no plans to issue commodity bonds or to
  make commodity-indexed loans. 
As for your article
  
on the World Bank, the Bank has no plans to issue
  
commodity bonds or to make commodity-indexed
  
loans. ■ You're assuming the husband and wife can
  get along and can make joint decisions with
  reference to their children. 
You're assuming the
  
husband and wife can get along and can make joint
  
decisions about their children. ■ Only
  infrequently can we use any of these adjectives
  with reference to a book on so treacherous a
  subject. 
Only infrequently can we use any of these
  
adjectives for a book on so treacherous a subject.

 with regard to 
about; as for; as to; concerning;
  
for; in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; with; delete.  The evidence is mixed with
  regard to the existence of an optimal capital
  structure. 
The evidence is mixed on the existence
  
of an optimal capital structure. ■ Three points
  should be made with regard to these findings.
  
Three points should be made regarding these
  
findings. ■ With regard to foreign competition,
  this last factor is likely more important over the
  long term than the weakened dollar. 
Concerning
  
foreign competition, this last factor is likely
  
more important over the long term than the weakened
  
dollar. ■ Forecasts are the expectations that
  planners formulate with regard to the likely or
  probable state of events or conditions at some time
  in the future. 
Forecasts are the expectations that
  
planners formulate about the likely or probable
  
state of events or conditions at some time in the
  
future. ■ With regard to the first
  rationalization, how can a manager know how far is
  too far? 
As to the first rationalization, how can
  
a manager know how far is too far? ■ The growing
  internationalization of life, particularly with
  regard to travel and communications, may present
  opportunities for firms able to present a coherent
  and consistent image on a worldwide basis. 
The
  
growing internationalization of life, particularly
  
in travel and communications, may present
  
opportunities for firms able to present a coherent
  
and consistent image on a worldwide basis. 

 with relation to 
about; as for; as to; concerning;
  
for; in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; with; delete.  There are conflicting
  reports with relation to the altitude of the
  Iranian airliner. 
There are conflicting reports
  
about the altitude of the Iranian airliner. ■ In
  writing on ``professional priorities in art
  criticism,'' I was asked to survey current
  practices and the current state of affairs in order
  to properly discuss sound policy with relation to
  art criticism. 
In writing on ``professional
  
priorities in art criticism,'' I was asked to
  
survey current practices and the current state of
  
affairs in order to properly discuss sound policy
  
on art criticism. 

 with respect to 
about; as for; as to; concerning;
  
for; in; of; on; over; regarding; respecting; to;
  
toward; with; delete.  Something very interesting
  was said with respect to gender differences.
  
Something very interesting was said about gender
  
differences. ■ SDS made a complete investigation
  of Amtron and its technology and drove a hard
  bargain with respect to contract terms, etc. 
SDS
  
made a complete investigation of Amtron and its
  
technology and drove a hard bargain on contract
  
terms, etc. ■ Each Licensee hereunder shall have
  the following rights with respect to the Licensed
  Software. 
Each Licensee hereunder shall have the
  
following rights concerning the Licensed Software.
  ■ There are efforts being made to substantially
  increase the pool from which Harvard promotes and
  hires its faculty and nonfaculty with respect to
  blacks. 
There are efforts being made to
  
substantially increase the pool from which Harvard
  
promotes and hires its black faculty and
  
nonfaculty. ■ I hereby revoke all prior
  designations, if any, made by me with respect to
  this account. 
I hereby revoke all prior
  
designations, if any, made by me regarding this
  
account. ■ The floodway within communities that
  have adopted flood-plain regulations is usually
  subject to strong restrictions with respect to
  building. 
The floodway within communities that
  
have adopted flood-plain regulations is usually
  
subject to strong building restrictions. 

 with the exception of (that) 
apart from; aside
  
from; barring; besides; but for; except; except
  
for; excepting; excluding; other than; outside of.
  
With the exception of their paper, these studies
  found a link between financial structure and
  industry class. 
Except for their paper, these
  
studies found a link between financial structure
  
and industry class. ■ With the exception of
  certain correspondent banking services, many
  commercial banks did not purchase or sell
  significant amounts of services or assets from or
  to other institutions. 
Aside from certain
  
correspondent banking services, many commercial
  
banks did not purchase or sell significant amounts
  
of services or assets from or to other
  
institutions. ■ Author shall be paid as billed
  with the exception that the final payment of $5,000
  shall be paid within ten weeks of delivery of the
  manuscript. 
Author shall be paid as billed except
  
that the final payment of $5,000 shall be paid
  
within ten weeks of delivery of the manuscript. ■
  With the exception of the brand name, the
  subsidiaries were given considerable latitude in
  deciding on the local marketing mix. 
But for the
  
brand name, the subsidiaries were given
  
considerable latitude in deciding on the local
  
marketing mix. ■ Overall, bears and other stuffed
  animals, with the exception of dinosaurs, are out.
  
Overall, bears and other stuffed animals, other
  
than dinosaurs, are out. 

 with the exclusion of (that) 
apart from; aside
  
from; barring; besides; but for; except; except
  
for; excepting; excluding; other than; outside of.

 with the intent of -ing (to) 
for (-ing); so as to;
  
to. The Intra-Arterial Cardiac Support System 8000
  is being designed with the intent to expand the use
  of nonsurgical cardiac support systems by providing
  significantly greater support to the heart than is
  possible with clinically available non-surgical
  systems. 
The Intra-Arterial Cardiac Support System
  
8000 is being designed to expand the use of
  
non-surgical cardiac support systems by providing
  
significantly greater support to the heart than is
  
possible with clinically available nonsurgical
  
systems. 

 with the passage of time 
at length; eventually; in
  
due time; in the end; in time; later; one day; over
  
the months (years); over time; someday; sometime;
  
ultimately; with time; yet. The claim is often
  made that the handicap decreases in importance with
  the passage of time. 
The claim is often made that
  
the handicap decreases in importance over the
  
years. ■ The distinctions that now exist between
  stationary and mobile communications will disappear
  with the passage of time. 
The distinctions that
  
now exist between stationary and mobile
  
communications will ultimately disappear. ■ With
  the passage of time, I think he'll be more and more
  reluctant to pay me $75,000 a year. 
With time, I
  
think he'll be more and more reluctant to pay me
  
$75,000 a year. ■ He did not improve with the
  passage of time. 
He did not improve over time. 

 with the purpose of -ing 
for (-ing); so as to; to.
  
For the most part, the book consists of a
  rewriting of history, from the dawn of time, with
  the purpose of demonstrating two main themes. 
For
  
the most part, the book consists of a rewriting of
  
history, from the dawn of time, so as to
  
demonstrate two main themes. 

 with the result (that) 
so (that). 

 worthy of attention 
considerable; newsworthy;
  
noteworthy. To give the media pride of place
  reinforces the impression that any event is worthy
  of attention only to the extent that a cameraman is
  blocking our view. 
To give the media pride of
  
place reinforces the impression that any event is
  
noteworthy only to the extent that a cameraman is
  
blocking our view. 

 worthy of blame 
blamable; blameworthy. 

 worthy of commendation 
admirable; commendable;
  
praiseworthy. The fact that her article presents
  the Palestinian as well as the Israeli viewpoint is
  worthy of commendation. 
The fact that her article
  
presents the Palestinian as well as the Israeli
  
viewpoint is commendable. 

 worthy of (my) consideration 
considerable;
  
newsworthy; noteworthy. 

 worthy of gratitude (thanks) 
thankworthy. 

 worthy of note 
considerable; newsworthy;
  
noteworthy; outstanding. One change worthy of note
  has been made in the condominium form. 
One
  
noteworthy change has been made in the condominium
  
form. 

 worthy of praise 
admirable; commendable;
  
praiseworthy. 

 worthy of trust 
honest; trustworthy. 

 would appear (guess; hope; imagine; seem; submit;
  suggest; suspect; think) 
appear (guess; hope;
  
imagine; seem; submit; suggest; suspect; think).
  
It would seem that there are a lot of adults
  exercising but very few children. 
It seems there
  
are a lot of adults exercising but very few
  
children. ■ The stock market's reaction would
  appear to indicate that the stakes have grown too
  large for casual deadlines. 
The stock market's
  
reaction appears to indicate that the stakes have
  
grown too large for casual deadlines. ■ I would
  suspect that the greatest gains would be from
  teaching the existing users to make even better use
  of current machines. 
I suspect that the greatest
  
gains would be from teaching the existing users to
  
make even better use of current machines. ■ I
  would hope that's what he meant. 
I hope that's
  
what he meant. ■ I would submit that a number of
  shaky S&Ls could be salvaged over the next few
  years. 
I submit that a number of shaky S&Ls could
  
be salvaged over the next few years. 

 written communication (correspondence)
  
correspondence; letter; memo; note; report.
  
Written correspondence is answered within a week,
  and phone calls are returned within 24 hours.
  
Letters are answered within a week, and phone
  
calls are returned within 24 hours. ■ Just as
  important, outsiders make judgments about your
  organization based upon the written communications
  they receive. 
Just as important, outsiders make
  
judgments about your organization based upon the
  
correspondence they receive.

 X

 X-ray photograph 
X-ray.

 Y

 year in (and) year out 
annually; always;
  
ceaselessly; consistently; constantly; endlessly;
  
eternally; everlastingly; every year; forever;
  
invariably; never ending; perpetually; routinely;
  
unfailingly; yearly. Eighty percent of what
  retailers are ordering are classic lines whose
  demand is stable year in and year out. 
Eighty
  
percent of what retailers are ordering are classic
  
lines whose demand is always stable. 

 years (old) delete. The study began in 1981-82 with
  a statewide survey of a sample of women 45 to 55
  years old. 
The study began in 1981-82 with a
  
statewide survey of a sample of women 45 to 55. ■
  The academy's Committee on Nutrition recommends
  cholesterol tests for all children older than 2
  years with a parent, sibling, grandparent, uncle,
  or aunt who has hyperlipidemia. 
The academy's
  
Committee on Nutrition recommends cholesterol tests
  
for all children older than 2 with a parent,
  
sibling, grandparent, uncle, or aunt who has
  
hyperlipidemia. 

 years of age delete. She is 10 years of age. 
She
  
is 10. ■ I have committed my life to public
  service since I was 29 years of age. 
I have
  
committed my life to public service since I was
  
29. ■ The suggestion made by our study and other
  studies was that for children under 2 years of age,
  care outside of the home is an important factor for
  acquiring lower respiratory tract illness. 
The
  
suggestion made by our study and other studies was
  
that for children under 2, care outside of the home
  
is an important factor for acquiring lower
  
respiratory tract illness. 

 yell and scream 
scream; yell. My wife and I yell
  and scream at each other about a lot of things, and
  we have a very healthy marriage. 
My wife and I
  
yell at each other about a lot of things, and we
  
have a very healthy marriage. 

 you know? delete. 

 you know what I mean? delete.

you know what I'm saying? delete. 

  
young child (infant) 
child (infant); young.

 Z

 zero in on 
focus on; pinpoint. It zeroes in on
  the problem of how expectations are formed─and
  changed. 
It pinpoints the problem of how
  
expectations are formed─and changed. 

 zoological 
zoologic. 

 zoological garden 
zoo.